Industry 16 of 27

Religious Organizations and Nonprofits

Houses of worship were the one class of employer that Congress named in the Suspension Clause (orders limiting group meetings 'for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes'), and the orders reached them earlier, more completely and for longer than the…

WSworship services and gathering…REreligious education and youth…EVevents, fundraising and galas FSfood, shelter and social services CRcounseling and visitation FCfacilities rental VLvolunteers HRhiring, screening, training and…OPoffice, administration and…WFworkforce availability CBmembers and donors

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In plain terms: if you run a congregation, a school, a pantry, a shelter or a nonprofit, the orders of 2020 and 2021 reached what your organization exists to do: bring people together in a room. Between March 12 and April 7, 2020, every State and the District of Columbia banned or capped gatherings, and at least thirty-nine named religious or worship gatherings. Stay-at-home orders in forty-two jurisdictions kept your members, volunteers and staff at home, and school orders closed every classroom you ran. Reopening came on the orders' conditions: caps of ten to fifty people or 25 to 50 percent of capacity, distancing, no singing in some States, a written protocol in most. Twenty-two jurisdictions cut the caps again in the winter of 2020-21. The last statewide worship caps ended June 30, 2021; within weeks, indoor face-covering orders in seven States, the District of Columbia and more than a dozen metros reached every sanctuary, hall, classroom and pantry, and thirteen States placed every "public, private, and parochial" school under face-covering, quarantine or staff-vaccination orders.

This page covers the eleven functions of a congregation or nonprofit, the orders that reached each, the six quarters, and the fourteen sentences the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") uses in its letters, answered from this site's Orders Library (the "Library"). The statute's operative text, the "Suspension Clause", asks whether an operation was fully or partially suspended during a quarter due to orders limiting commerce, travel or group meetings, and it names "religious" meetings; Notice 2021-20 (the "Notice") is the Service's guidance; the "United States" is the Government in court. The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute is the third quarter of 2021, and the record answers it: the orders in force from July 1 to September 30, 2021 are listed below.

Partial suspension, element by element

Every analysis on this site asks the same five questions in the same order. Here they are asked of Religious Organizations and Nonprofits, from the industry's own record.

The order: issuer, instrument, date, exhibit.The Library holds 105 instruments from this industry's own regulators and sector authorities and 34 organizer notices. The earliest is Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Department of Justice, BOP COVID-19 Action Plan (Phase Two) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. SEC-16-095). The State, metro and federal orders that reached it are set out on The orders by layer, each with its exhibit; the standing duties sit behind them on every day of the six quarters.
The function of the business it reached.The orders named the functions of the business in terms. Three of this industry's 11 function codes: WSworship services and gathering…REreligious education and youth…EVevents, fundraising and galas. The full key follows this panel, and Function by function reads the orders against each code.
The change it compelled: the operative words.The operative words of BOP COVID-19 Action Plan (Phase Two) (Ex. SEC-16-095): “SOCIAL VISITS: Social visits will be suspended for 30 days, at which time the suspension will be reevaluated.... LEGAL VISITS:... while in general, legal visits will be suspended for 30 days, case-by-case accommodation will be [made].... INMATE MOVEMENT: All inmate facility transfers will be…” Each record page quotes the operative words in full, with the enforcement provision beside them.
The quarter: in force on which days.Every instrument carries the quarters it was in force. This industry's record runs across all six: 2020 Q286 2020 Q318 2020 Q431 2021 Q126 2021 Q212 2021 Q37 (the count is this industry's own instruments carrying the quarter). The six quarters sets out what was in force in each, and the third quarter of 2021 is listed instrument by instrument below.
The statute's answer.A partial suspension is a temporary delay, interruption or termination of a portion of the business's operations; the order need only be the but-for cause of it; and nothing in the Suspension Clause asks whether the business was essential, stayed open, could telework or served customers who were themselves under orders (Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States). The test and the method are stated once, for every industry, at Partial suspension, element by element.

The same five steps run through the report the site builds for your own State, metro and quarters.

Function codes

The analysis describes the business as eleven functions, each with a two-letter code that every page of this set uses without variation. An order “reached” a function when its operative words told the business what that part of it could do, when, where, for how many and on what conditions.

Code	Function of the business
WS	worship services and gathering caps
RE	religious education and youth programs
EV	events, fundraising and galas
FS	food, shelter and social services
CR	counseling and visitation (hospitals, prisons, nursing homes)
FC	facilities rental
VL	volunteers
HR	hiring, screening, training and credentialing
OP	office, administration and telework
WF	workforce availability
CB	members and donors

Sector instruments in the Library

The 105 instruments filed under this industry's own sector: regulators' rules and orders, federal directives aimed at it, and the context documents that describe them, in date order. The first 80 are listed here; open the full list in the Library to filter by type and quarter, or download the exhibits.

Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Date	Types	Quarters
Ex. SEC-16-095	BOP COVID-19 Action Plan (Phase Two)Federal Bureau of Prisons COVID-19 Action Plan (updated 3:09 p.m. ET, March 13, 2020)	Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Department of Justice	Mar. 13, 2020	Gathering capCourts and public officesOther	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-048	Executive Order No. 7DProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response: Further Restrictions on Large Crowds, Restaurants, Bars, Gyms…	Governor Ned Lamont	Mar. 16, 2020	Business closureGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-069	Proclamation 30 JBE 2020Public Health Emergency COVID-19 (gatherings over 50 prohibited; closures)	Governor John Bel Edwards	Mar. 16, 2020	Business closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-060	Proclamation of Disaster Emergency (Public Health Disaster Emergency)Proclamation of Disaster Emergency of March 17, 2020	Governor Kim Reynolds	Mar. 17, 2020	Business closureGathering capHealth care ordersEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-122	Addendum 2 to Executive Order 01-20Restrictions on gatherings of 50 or more; closure of bars and restaurants to in-person service	Governor Phil Scott	Mar. 17, 2020	Business closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-066	Executive Order 14 FY 19/20An Order Regarding Further Restrictions on Public Contact and Movement, Schools, Vehicle Travel and Retail Business Operations (gatherings…	Governor Janet T. Mills	Mar. 18, 2020	Business closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-020	Order concerning mass gatheringsOrder (Mass Gatherings)	Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health (Secretary Eric C. Friedlander)	Mar. 19, 2020	Gathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-065	Addendum 3 to Executive Order 01-20Suspension of all Non-Essential Adult Elective Surgery and Medical and Surgical Procedures	Governor Phil Scott	Mar. 20, 2020	Health care orders	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-089	Executive Order 2020-06Closure of on-site dining, recreational facilities, health clubs, theaters and entertainment venues	Governor Doug Burgum	Mar. 20, 2020	Business closureTelework mandate	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-100	Executive Order No. 107Stay at Home; closure of non-essential retail; cancellation of gatherings; telework	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 21, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-056	Executive Order No. 17An Order to Limit Social Gatherings, Dine-In Service, and Gym Use, and Exposure at Nursing Homes and Similar Facilities	Governor Bill Lee	Mar. 22, 2020	Business closureGathering capHealth care orders	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-014	Executive Order No. 20-12Stay Home, Save Lives: Ordering Oregonians to Stay at Home, Closing Specified Retail Businesses, Requiring Social Distancing Measures for…	Governor Kate Brown	Mar. 23, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-080	Director's Stay at Home OrderDirector's Order that All Persons Stay at Home Unless Engaged in Essential Work or Activity	Amy Acton, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Ohio Department of Health	Mar. 23, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-082	Executive Order 2020-13Additional Emergency Measures (dispersal of gatherings of three or more)	Governor Henry McMaster	Mar. 23, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-086	Emergency Order #16Prohibition of scheduled gatherings of 10 or more attendees	Governor Christopher T. Sununu	Mar. 23, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-109	Proclamation 20-25Stay Home - Stay Healthy	Governor Jay Inslee	Mar. 23, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-111	Executive Order 202.10Continuing Temporary Suspension and Modification of Laws Relating to the Disaster Emergency (non-essential gatherings of any size cancelled…	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Mar. 23, 2020	Gathering capHealth care ordersEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-121	Addendum 5 to Executive Order 01-20Order to Work From Home for all Businesses and Non-Profits	Governor Phil Scott	Mar. 23, 2020	Telework mandate	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-051	Executive Order No. 1463Essential businesses; gatherings of 10; dine-in limits	Governor Tate Reeves	Mar. 24, 2020	Business closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-058	Executive Order 20-08Directive for Hoosiers to Stay at Home	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	Mar. 24, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-085	Fourth Amended Executive Order 2020-07Fourth Amended Executive Order 2020-07 (Safer at Home; gatherings; closures)	Governor J. Kevin Stitt	Mar. 24, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capHealth care orders	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-094	Executive Order 53Temporary Restrictions Due to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) (gatherings of more than 10 prohibited; closures)	Governor Ralph S. Northam	Mar. 24, 2020	Business closureTelework mandateGathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-104	Executive Order 03.23.20.01Executive Order to Ensure a Safe and Healthy Georgia (gatherings of 10 or more prohibited unless six feet apart; bars closed; medically…	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Mar. 24, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-062	Emergency Order #12Safer at Home Order	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services	Mar. 25, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-087	Third Supplementary ProclamationStay at Home / Work from Home Order	Governor David Y. Ige	Mar. 25, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-090	Statewide Stay-Home Order (Order to Self-Isolate)Order to Self-Isolate for the State of Idaho	Governor Brad Little / Director, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare	Mar. 25, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-101	Executive Order No. 7NProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response: Restriction of Social and Recreational Gatherings to No More…	Governor Ned Lamont	Mar. 26, 2020	Gathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-011	Executive Order No. 121Stay at Home Order and Strategic Directions for North Carolina in Response to Increasing COVID-19 Cases	Governor Roy Cooper	Mar. 30, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-067	Executive Order 20-03-30-01Amending and Restating the Order of March 23, 2020, Prohibiting Large Gatherings and Events and Closing Senior Centers, and All…	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr.	Mar. 30, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-105	Executive Order No. 22An Order Directing Tennesseans to Stay Home Unless Engaging in Essential Activities to Limit Their Exposure to and Spread of COVID-19	Governor Bill Lee	Mar. 31, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-052	Executive Order No. 1466Statewide Shelter in Place	Governor Tate Reeves	Apr. 3, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-054	Executive Order 04.02.20.01Providing additional guidance for the Public Health State of Emergency (Shelter in Place)	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Apr. 3, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-088	Executive Order 2020-12Executive Order directing individuals, employers and enclosed retail businesses to implement COVID-19 measures	Governor Kristi Noem	Apr. 6, 2020	Telework mandateSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-091	Stay Home Missouri OrderOrder (Stay Home Missouri)	Randall W. Williams, M.D., Director, Department of Health and Senior Services	Apr. 6, 2020	Stay-at-homeTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-017	Executive Order No. 20-18Temporarily prohibiting mass gatherings of more than ten people to limit the spread of COVID-19 (applying the limit to religious gatherings…	Governor Laura Kelly	Apr. 8, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-028	Kelly v. Legislative Coordinating Council, No. 122,765, 310 Kan. 1Opinion holding the LCC's revocation of EO 20-18 without authority	Supreme Court of Kansas	Apr. 11, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-055	Executive Order 04.20.20.01Reviving a Healthy Georgia: in-person Minimum Basic Operations for gyms, fitness centers, bowling alleys, body art studios, barbers…	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Apr. 24, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-063	Emergency Order #28Safer at Home Order (extension)	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services	Apr. 24, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-113	Memorandum for the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights and All United States Attorneys: Balancing Public Safety with the Preservation of Civil RightsAttorney General memorandum (Apr. 27, 2020)	Attorney General William P. Barr, U.S. Department of Justice	Apr. 27, 2020	Other	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-057	Executive Order No. 30An Order Regarding Reopening Businesses and Places of Worship (Tennessee Pledge)	Governor Bill Lee	Apr. 29, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-081	Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Safer at Home)Safer at Home Order (Apr. 28, 2020)	State Health Officer Scott Harris	Apr. 30, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-078	Executive Order 2020-32 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 30)Modified Stay at Home Order	Governor J.B. Pritzker	May 1, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirement	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-009	Maryville Baptist Church, Inc. v. Beshear, No. 20-5427, 957 F.3d 610Order granting injunction pending appeal as to drive-in services	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	May 2, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-059	Executive Order 20-26Roadmap to Reopen Indiana (Back on Track Stage 2)	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	May 4, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-012	Executive Order No. 138Easing Restrictions on Travel, Business Operations, and Mass Gatherings: Phase 1	Governor Roy Cooper	May 8, 2020	Stay-at-homeCapacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-010	Roberts v. Neace, No. 20-5465, 958 F.3d 409 (per curiam)Order granting injunction pending appeal as to in-person worship	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	May 9, 2020	Stay-at-homeGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-029	Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, 2020 WI 42, No. 2020AP765-OAOpinion holding Emergency Order 28 unlawful and unenforceable	Supreme Court of Wisconsin	May 13, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-106	Executive Order No. 20-25A Safe and Strong Oregon: Maintaining Essential Health Directives in Response to COVID-19, and Implementing a Phased Approach for Reopening…	Governor Kate Brown	May 15, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-076	COVID-19 Order No. 33Order Implementing a Phased Reopening of Workplaces and Imposing Workplace Safety Measures to Address COVID-19	Governor Charles D. Baker	May 18, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-092	COVID-19 Industry Guidance: Places of Worship and Providers of Religious Services and Cultural CeremoniesPlaces of Worship guidance (May 25, 2020; rev. July 29, 2020 with the indoor singing and chanting prohibition; rev. 2021)	California Department of Public Health and Cal/OSHA	May 25, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-015	Emergency Executive Order 20-62Amending Executive Order 20-56 to Allow Worship, Weddings, and Funerals	Governor Tim Walz	May 26, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-002	South Bay United Pentecostal Church v. Newsom, No. 19A1044, 140 S. Ct. 1613Order denying application for injunctive relief (Roberts, C.J., concurring; Kavanaugh, J., dissenting)	Supreme Court of the United States	May 29, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-018	Executive Order No. 7TTProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response: Modification of Restrictions on Outdoor Gatherings, Religious…	Governor Ned Lamont	May 29, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-079	Executive Order 2020-38 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 36)Restore Illinois Phase 3	Governor J.B. Pritzker	May 29, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirement	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-074	Proclamation 20-25.4Safe Start - Stay Healthy (county-by-county phased reopening)	Governor Jay Inslee	June 1, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-114	The 2020 Nonprofit Employment ReportNonprofit Economic Data Bulletin no. 47 (June 2020)	Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies (Lester M. Salamon and Chelsea L. Newhouse)	June 1, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-16-072	Interim Guidance for Religious and Funeral Services During the COVID-19 Public Health EmergencyInterim Guidance for Religious and Funeral Services (mandatory 'must' standards; version archived Apr. 26, 2021)	New York State Department of Health (with Empire State Development)	June 6, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-110	Executive Order 202.38Continuing Temporary Suspension and Modification of Laws Relating to the Disaster Emergency (religious gatherings; Phase 2 regions)	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	June 6, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-021	Executive Order No. 152Increasing limits on indoor and outdoor gatherings	Governor Philip D. Murphy	June 9, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-016	Emergency Executive Order 20-74Continuing to Safely Reopen Minnesota's Economy and Ensuring Safe Non-Work Activities during the COVID-19 Peacetime Emergency	Governor Tim Walz	June 10, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-031	Elkhorn Baptist Church v. Brown, 366 Or. 506, S067736Opinion directing peremptory writ vacating the Baker County Circuit Court's preliminary injunction	Supreme Court of Oregon	June 12, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-027	Elim Romanian Pentecostal Church v. Pritzker, No. 20-1811, 962 F.3d 341Opinion affirming denial of injunction	United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Easterbrook, J.)	June 16, 2020	Gathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-008	Spell v. Edwards, No. 20-30358, 962 F.3d 175Opinion dismissing appeal as moot	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit	June 18, 2020	Stay-at-homeGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-042	Order amending the Mass Gatherings OrderOrder (July 20, 2020)	Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health	July 20, 2020	Gathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-003	Calvary Chapel Dayton Valley v. Sisolak, No. 19A1070, 140 S. Ct. 2603Order denying application (Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, JJ., dissenting)	Supreme Court of the United States	July 24, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q3
Ex. SEC-16-093	Blueprint for a Safer Economy: Activity and Business Tiers (version updated through Apr. 28, 2021)Blueprint for a Safer Economy tier chart (places-of-worship row)	California Department of Public Health (State Public Health Officer)	Aug. 31, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-16-022	Executive Order No. 183Resuming indoor dining and increasing indoor gathering limits for religious services and other protected activities	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Sept. 4, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-030	Wisconsin Council of Religious and Independent Schools (WCRIS) v. Heinrich, 2021 WI 52, No. 2020AP1420-OAOpinion holding Dane County Emergency Order #9 (school closure) beyond the health officer's authority	Supreme Court of Wisconsin	Sept. 10, 2020	Gathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-073	Executive Order 202.68Continuing Temporary Suspension and Modification of Laws Relating to the Disaster Emergency (Cluster Action Initiative)	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Oct. 6, 2020	Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-102	Executive Order No. 9FProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic: Phase III Reopening Changes for Religious Gatherings	Governor Ned Lamont	Oct. 8, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-023	Capitol Hill Baptist Church v. Bowser, No. 20-cv-2710, 496 F. Supp. 3d 284 (ECF No. 43)Memorandum Opinion granting preliminary injunction	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (McFadden, J.)	Oct. 9, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-025	Emergency Order: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services	Oct. 29, 2020	Gathering capFace-covering requirement	2020 Q4
Ex. SEC-16-049	Executive Order No. 9LProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic: Extension of Currently Effective Executive Orders	Governor Ned Lamont	Nov. 9, 2020	Emergency declarationCapacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-044	Executive Order No. 196Reducing indoor gathering limits and outdoor gathering limits	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Nov. 17, 2020	Capacity limitGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-024	Emergency Order: Gatherings and Face Mask Order (Pause to Save Lives)Gatherings and Face Mask Order	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)	Nov. 18, 2020	Business closureGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-041	Executive Order 2020-969State of Emergency (public and private school in-person instruction)	Governor Andy Beshear	Nov. 23, 2020	Gathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-001	Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo, No. 20A87, 141 S. Ct. 63 (per curiam)Order granting application for injunctive relief	Supreme Court of the United States	Nov. 25, 2020	Gathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-037	Agudath Israel of America v. Cuomo, No. 20A90 (miscellaneous order)Order granting application in part	Supreme Court of the United States	Nov. 25, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-032	Commonwealth ex rel. Danville Christian Academy, Inc. v. Beshear, No. 20-6341, 981 F.3d 505Order granting stay of the preliminary injunction	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit	Nov. 29, 2020	Gathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-16-038	Harvest Rock Church v. Newsom, No. 20A94 (miscellaneous order)Order granting certiorari before judgment, vacating and remanding	Supreme Court of the United States	Dec. 3, 2020	Capacity limitGathering cap	2020 Q4

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force

The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute. The record shows these instruments in force on this industry's functions between July 1 and September 30, 2021; an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it, and the State, metropolitan and federal layers on the quarter page add to the list.

In force, July 1 – Sept. 30, 2021

FED-020 CDC conveyance mask order, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025, with FED-051 TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A (to Sept. 13) and FED-052 SD 1582/84-21-01B (Sept. 14, 2021 to Jan. 18, 2022) (WF, VL, CB, CR: every congregant, employee, volunteer and visiting minister commuting by transit)
FED-025 CDC eviction moratorium extension (June 24 to July 31, 2021) and FED-026 CDC order for counties with substantial or high transmission (Aug. 3 to Aug. 26, 2021, when vacated by the Supreme Court) (FS: nonprofit housing and transitional-housing providers; CB)
FED-156 CMS QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27, 2021 (nursing-home visitation conditions: screening, testing, outbreak suspension) and 42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) staff testing (FED-092) (CR chaplaincy and visitation; VL)
FED-080 OSHA COVID-19 Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502 (June 21, 2021; compliance July 6 and 21) (religiously affiliated hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, hospice; CR; HR; OP)
SEC-16-095 BOP COVID-19 Action Plan (Mar. 13, 2020) as continued in the Bureau's modified-operations plan: social and volunteer visits and religious-volunteer access controlled institution by institution (CR, VL; Q3 2021 institution-level status verified only as the plan's continuation, see caveats)
FED-207 Proclamation 10143 and FED-208 Proclamation 10199 (entry suspensions to Nov. 8, 2021) and the State Department's suspension of routine visa services (CR, HR: missionaries, R-1 religious workers, visiting clergy)
FED-063 EO 14042 (Sept. 9, 2021) (nonprofit federal contractors; HR, OP)
SEC-16-115 Illinois EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26; eff. Aug. 30, 2021): face coverings in every indoor public place (WS, RE, EV, FS, FC, VL) and IL EO 2021-18 (Aug. 4, 2021) school masks in public and nonpublic schools (RE) (IL-042 and the IL file)
SEC-16-117 New Jersey EO 251 (Aug. 6, 2021): masks in 'all public, private, and parochial preschool programs and elementary and secondary schools' (RE, HR, WF); SEC-16-118 EO 253 (Aug. 23, 2021): school personnel vaccination or testing (RE, HR); NJ EO 252 (Aug. 6; eff. Sept. 7, 2021) covered health care and congregate settings (CR; religiously affiliated facilities) (NJ file)
SEC-16-119 Connecticut EO 13A (Aug. 5, 2021): masks in schools and child care; nursing-home staff testing from Oct. 1 (RE, CR)
Delaware Emergency Order amending 16 Del. Admin. C. 4202 sec. 7.7 (Aug. 13; eff. Aug. 16, 2021): masks in all K-12 schools regardless of vaccination status (RE)
Pennsylvania Secretary of Health Order of Aug. 31, 2021 (eff. Sept. 7): face coverings in all schools including private and religious schools and early-learning programs (PA file; held invalid Nov. 10 and Dec. 10, 2021) (RE)
New York 10 NYCRR 2.60 (emergency regulation, Aug. 27/Sept. 2, 2021): masks in public and nonpublic schools (NY file) (RE); New York DOH Aug. 26, 2021 health-care-worker vaccination regulation (religiously affiliated hospitals and nursing homes) (CR)
Oregon OAR 333-019-1015 (Aug. 2, 2021; K-12 masks incl. private schools) and OAR 333-019-1025 (Aug. 13, 2021; indoor masks in indoor spaces open to the public; outdoor Aug. 27) (OR file) (WS, RE, FS)
Washington Secretary of Health Order 20-03.4 and Proclamation 20-25.15 (Aug. 23, 2021): universal indoor masks (WA-078, WA-080) (WS, RE, FS); Washington school and health-care-worker mandates (Aug. 2021)
Nevada Directive 047 (July 27; eff. July 30, 2021): indoor masks in substantial- and high-transmission counties (NV file) (WS, RE, FS)
New Mexico PHO of Aug. 17, 2021 (masks in all indoor public spaces from Aug. 20; extended Sept. 15) (NM file) (WS, RE, FS)
District of Columbia Mayor's Order 2021-097 (July 29; eff. July 31, 2021): indoor masks; DC health-care-worker mandate (DC-057; DC file) (WS, RE, FS, CR)
Hawaii Statewide Face Covering Requirement and EO 21-05 (Aug. 10, 2021).
California: CDPH K-12 guidance (July 12, 2021; mandatory masks in public and private schools) and CDPH health-care-worker vaccination order (Aug. 5, 2021); Los Angeles County Health Officer Order (eff. July 17, 2021, 11:59 p.m.: indoor masks), Bay Area counties (Aug. 3), Sacramento and Yolo (July 30) (CA and metro files) (WS, RE, CR, FS)
Philadelphia Full Reopening Order as amended Aug. 11 (eff. Aug. 12, 2021): masks in any indoor setting unless the operator requires vaccination of everyone on site; Board of Health Emergency Regulation (eff. Aug. 16, 2021) for health-care workers (MET-PHL) (WS, RE, FS, CR)
Continuing State emergencies (predicate only; Q&A-10) in AK (to Feb. 2021 then legislative), CA, CO (recovery order), DE (PHE), HI, IL, KY (to Jan. 2022), LA, MD (to Aug. 15, 2021), NM, NV, NY (expired June 24), NC (to Aug. 15), OR, PA (terminated June 10, 2021 by H.R. 106; Act 21 suspensions to Sept. 30, 2021), RI, WA, WV, WI (county), DC (PHE to July 25, 2021) (State files)

The third quarter of 2021 across every State, and this industry's quarter analysis.

Group meetings, trade shows and seasons disrupted

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, conferences and seasons of this industry that the orders cancelled, postponed or moved online: 34 notices, each graded and sourced. The Suspension Clause names “group meetings” in terms.

Date	Organizer notice	Grade	Exhibit and source
	Unitarian Universalist Association General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-024 Open · Source
Mar. 12, 2020	Weekly worship services, March 15 to May 31, 2020 (class: every congregation)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-014 Open · Source
Mar. 12, 2020	General Conference of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (April and October)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-020 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Boston Marathon and the B.A.A. Official Charity Program (the nonprofit sector's largest single-day fundraising event in New England)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-004 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Boston Marathon and the B.A.A. Official Charity Program (the nonprofit sector's largest single-day fundraising event in New England)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-005 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Mennonite Church USA leadership meetings and biennial convention (Constituency Leaders Council; Executive Board; MennoCon21)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-018 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Mennonite Church USA leadership meetings and biennial convention (Constituency Leaders Council; Executive Board; MennoCon21)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-022 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Mennonite Church USA leadership meetings and biennial convention (Constituency Leaders Council; Executive Board; MennoCon21)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-025 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Boston Marathon and the B.A.A. Official Charity Program (the nonprofit sector's largest single-day fundraising event in New England)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-031 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Boston Marathon and the B.A.A. Official Charity Program (the nonprofit sector's largest single-day fundraising event in New England)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-032 Open · Source
Mar. 16, 2020	Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr 2020 (Apr. 23-May 24, 2020), Eid al-Adha (July 31, 2020); Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr 2021 (Apr. 12-May 13, 2021)	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-16-GM-030 Open · Source
Mar. 17, 2020	American Red Cross blood drives hosted by churches, schools, colleges and workplaces	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-001 Open · Source
Mar. 24, 2020	Southern Baptist Convention Annual Meeting	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-16-GM-026 Open · Source
Mar. 24, 2020	Southern Baptist Convention Annual Meeting	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-16-GM-027 Open · Source
Apr. 6, 2020	USCCB Spring General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-002 Open · Source
Apr. 6, 2020	USCCB Spring General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-021 Open · Source
Apr. 6, 2020	USCCB Spring General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-033 Open · Source
Apr. 8, 2020	Synod of the Christian Reformed Church in North America	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-006 Open · Source
Apr. 8, 2020	Synod of the Christian Reformed Church in North America	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-007 Open · Source
Apr. 24, 2020	224th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-019 Open · Source
Apr. 24, 2020	224th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-023 Open · Source
May 7, 2020	National Day of Prayer (national observance and local gatherings)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-015 Open · Source
May 20, 2020	51st Quadrennial Session of the General Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Church	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-010 Open · Source
May 20, 2020	51st Quadrennial Session of the General Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Church	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-034 Open · Source
May 28, 2020	General Synod of the Reformed Church in America	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-012 Open · Source
June 24, 2020	Unitarian Universalist Association General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-013 Open · Source
July 31, 2020	Promise Keepers 2020 men's conference	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-16-GM-028 Open · Source
Aug. 28, 2020	USCCB Fall General Assembly	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-003 Open · Source
Oct. 19, 2020	General Assembly of The Jewish Federations of North America	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-011 Open · Source
Jan. 15, 2021	March for Life	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-008 Open · Source
Feb. 25, 2021	General Conference of The United Methodist Church	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-009 Open · Source
Mar. 17, 2021	National Religious Broadcasters International Christian Media Convention (NRB)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-017 Open · Source
June 8, 2021	Ark Encounter and Creation Museum (Answers in Genesis, a religious nonprofit's attractions and conference venues)	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-16-GM-016 Open · Source
Aug. 13, 2021	Cooperative Baptist Fellowship General Assembly 2021	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-16-GM-029 Open · Source

All cancelled meetings in the Library.

Read the analysis

The analysis of this industry runs to seven further pages. Each carries its own notes and exhibit links.

Part 1 of 7How a typical employer operatesThe functions of the business, its revenue lines, its workforce, its suppliers and counterparties, its seasons, and how the orders reached each of them.Part 2 of 7The orders by layerFederal, State, metro, sector regulator, standing duty and counterparty: the instruments that reached this industry, layer by layer, with exhibit links.Part 3 of 7The six quartersWhat was in force on this industry's functions in each quarter from 2020 Q2 through 2021 Q3, with the third quarter of 2021 answered instrument by instrument.Part 4 of 7Function by functionEach function of the business, the orders that reached it and the change they compelled, one function at a time.Part 5 of 7The interconnected economyHow orders on suppliers, customers, carriers and workers reached this industry, and why an order's effect on a business outlasts the order's end date.Part 6 of 7The Service's positions, answeredThe fourteen sentences the Service's letters use, each quoted and answered for this industry from the public record.Part 7 of 7FindingsThe conclusions for each of the six quarters and the standard of proof they meet.