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The COVID Project

Industry 19 of 27

Staffing and Support Services

This is the industry that exists only inside other industries' premises, and the orders reached it through every door they closed.

PLplacements at client sitesRCrecruiting, onboarding, drug…JSjanitorial and disinfection…SGsecurity at closed venuesLSlandscaping and groundsCCcall centers and BPOHRhiring, screening, training and…OPoffice, administration and…WFworkforce availabilityCBthe client base
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In plain terms: if you run a staffing agency, a janitorial or security contractor, a landscaping company or a call center, you sell labor and services on premises you do not control, and the governmental orders of 2020 and 2021 reached you through those premises and through the channels you hire by. In March 2020 the stay-at-home and closure orders of forty-two States shut or emptied the plants, offices, stores, schools, hotels and arenas where your people were placed, cleaned, posted and seated. Pennsylvania's list marked "Employment Services No" and "Business Support Services No"; New Mexico ordered every call center to cut its in-person workforce by one hundred percent; Michigan barred landscaping by name for a month; North Dakota and Minnesota suspended the fingerprint checks every hire passes through; the Department of State stopped issuing the visas a landscaping season runs on. Through 2020 and the first half of 2021 the reopening orders capped your customers' occupancy, kept their offices remote and wrote the screening, distancing and cleaning rules your people worked under. In the summer of 2021 the orders named you: the federal Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard reached every "housekeeping" contract in a hospital, six States required vaccination or testing of "contract staff" and "contractors", New York City barred any "contractor" from a covered premises without proof of vaccination, and eight States and more than thirty metros placed every indoor workplace, call floor included, under face-covering orders.

This page covers the ten functions of such a business, the layers of government whose orders reached each, the six quarters one by one, and the fourteen sentences the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") uses in its letters, each answered from the public orders in this site's Orders Library (the "Library"). The statute's operative text, the "Suspension Clause", asks whether an operation was fully or partially suspended during a quarter due to such orders; Notice 2021-20 (the "Notice") is the Service's guidance on it; the "United States" is the Government as litigant. The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute is the third quarter of 2021, and the record answers it: the orders in force from July 1 to September 30, 2021 are listed below by name, date and operative clause, and the largest of them were written to reach this industry's people by name.

Partial suspension, element by element

Every analysis on this site asks the same five questions in the same order. Here they are asked of Staffing and Support Services, from the industry's own record.

  1. The order: issuer, instrument, date, exhibit.The Library holds 35 instruments from this industry's own regulators and sector authorities and 30 organizer notices. The earliest is Department of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 1.0 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-19-001). The State, metro and federal orders that reached it are set out on The orders by layer, each with its exhibit; the standing duties sit behind them on every day of the six quarters.
  2. The function of the business it reached.The orders named the functions of the business in terms. Three of this industry's 10 function codes: PLplacements at client sitesRCrecruiting, onboarding, drug…JSjanitorial and disinfection…. The full key follows this panel, and Function by function reads the orders against each code.
  3. The change it compelled: the operative words.The operative words of Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 1.0 (Ex. SEC-19-001): “Workers such as plumbers, electricians, exterminators, and other service providers who provide services that are necessary to maintaining the safety, sanitation, and essential operation of residences... Support required for continuity of services, including janitorial/cleaning personnel... Security…” Each record page quotes the operative words in full, with the enforcement provision beside them.
  4. The quarter: in force on which days.Every instrument carries the quarters it was in force. This industry's record runs across all six: 2020 Q2272020 Q3162020 Q4112021 Q172021 Q252021 Q316 (the count is this industry's own instruments carrying the quarter). The six quarters sets out what was in force in each, and the third quarter of 2021 is listed instrument by instrument below.
  5. The statute's answer.A partial suspension is a temporary delay, interruption or termination of a portion of the business's operations; the order need only be the but-for cause of it; and nothing in the Suspension Clause asks whether the business was essential, stayed open, could telework or served customers who were themselves under orders (Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States). The test and the method are stated once, for every industry, at Partial suspension, element by element.

The same five steps run through the report the site builds for your own State, metro and quarters.

Function codes

The analysis describes the business as ten functions, each with a two-letter code that every page of this set uses without variation. An order “reached” a function when its operative words told the business what that part of it could do, when, where, for how many and on what conditions.

CodeFunction of the business
PLplacements at client sites (clients closed or limited)
RCrecruiting, onboarding, drug testing and fingerprinting
JSjanitorial and disinfection contracts
SGsecurity at closed venues
LSlandscaping and grounds (closure States)
CCcall centers and BPO
HRhiring, screening, training and credentialing
OPoffice, administration and telework
WFworkforce availability
CBthe client base

Sector instruments in the Library

The 35 instruments filed under this industry's own sector: regulators' rules and orders, federal directives aimed at it, and the context documents that describe them, in date order. Open the list in the Library to filter by type and quarter, or download the exhibits.

ExhibitInstrumentIssuerDateTypesQuarters
Ex. SEC-19-001Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 1.0Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 ResponseDepartment of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)Mar. 19, 2020Other2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-035Interpretive Guidance COVID19-04 (Mar. 23, 2020)Interpretive Guidance COVID19-04: Order of the Governor Number 20-03-23-01, Amending and Restating the Order of March 19, 2020, Prohibiting…Office of Legal Counsel to the GovernorMar. 23, 2020Business closure2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-034COVID-19 Essential Services list (Exhibit A to COVID-19 Orders No. 13 and No. 21), as updated Mar. 31, 2020COVID-19: Essential Services (mass.gov page as archived Apr. 2, 2020)Governor Charles D. Baker (Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development)Mar. 24, 2020Business closure2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-002Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 2.0Advisory Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response (Version 2.0)CISAMar. 28, 2020Other2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-032Unemployment Insurance Weekly Claims news release of Apr. 2, 2020Unemployment Insurance Weekly Claims (week ending Mar. 28, 2020)Department of Labor, Employment and Training AdministrationApr. 2, 2020Other2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-017Unemployment Insurance Program Letter No. 15-20Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020 - Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) Program Operating…Department of Labor, Employment and Training AdministrationApr. 4, 2020Other2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-012Executive Order 2020-42Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (rescission of Executive Order 2020-21)Governor Gretchen WhitmerApr. 9, 2020Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capTravel and quarantine2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-003Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0Advisory Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response (Version 3.0)CISAApr. 17, 2020Other2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-004Proclamation 10014Suspension of Entry of Immigrants Who Present a Risk to the United States Labor Market During the Economic Recovery Following the 2019 Novel…President of the United StatesApr. 23, 2020Travel and quarantine2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-19-011Executive Order 2020-59Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (rescission of Executive Order 2020-42)Governor Gretchen WhitmerApr. 24, 2020Stay-at-homeBusiness closureFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-043Executive Order 2020-70Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (rescission of Executive Order 2020-59)Governor Gretchen WhitmerMay 1, 2020Stay-at-homeBusiness closureWorkplace rules2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-013Proclamation 20-25.3Safe Start - Stay Healthy (Phase I low-risk activities incl. landscaping and lawn care)Governor Jay InsleeMay 4, 2020Business closureWorkplace rules2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-038The Employment Situation - April 2020 (news release of May 8, 2020)The Employment Situation - April 2020Bureau of Labor StatisticsMay 8, 2020Other2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-19-018Temporary final rule, 8 C.F.R. 214.2(h)(6) and (h)(2)(i)(D)Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2B Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National EmergencyDepartment of Homeland Security (USCIS)May 14, 2020Travel and quarantineSupply chain2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-015Fingerprinting FAQs (May 15, 2020)Fingerprinting FAQs: IdentoGO site closures, appointment-only service and Act 18 deadline extensionDepartment of Human Services (Office of Children, Youth and Families), with the Commonwealth's fingerprint vendor IdentoGO (IDEMIA)May 15, 2020Courts and public officesOther2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-19-014Executive Order 2020-110Temporary restrictions on certain events, gatherings, and businesses (MI Safe Start Stage 4; rescission of Executive Orders 2020-69 and…Governor Gretchen WhitmerJune 1, 2020Business closureTelework mandateGathering capWorkplace rules2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-19-005Proclamation 10052Suspension of Entry of Immigrants and Nonimmigrants Who Present a Risk to the United States Labor Market During the Economic Recovery…President of the United StatesJune 24, 2020Travel and quarantineSupply chain2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-19-04115 U.S.C. 9023 (Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation)15 U.S.C. 9023, Emergency increase in unemployment compensation benefits (2020 edition text)Congress (CARES Act sec. 2104, as amended by the Continued Assistance for Unemployed Workers Act of 2020 and ARPA sec. 9013)July 31, 2020Other2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-006Proclamation 10131Suspension of Entry of Immigrants and Nonimmigrants Who Continue To Present a Risk to the United States Labor Market During the Economic…President of the United StatesDec. 31, 2020Travel and quarantineSupply chain2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-19-02916VAC25-220, Infectious Disease Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus That Causes COVID-19 (permanent standard)16VAC25-220 (permanent standard adopted Jan. 13, 2021; effective Jan. 27, 2021; amended effective Sept. 8, 2021; repealed effective Mar. 23…Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board (Department of Labor and Industry)Jan. 27, 2021Workplace rules2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-007Proclamation 10149Revoking Proclamation 10014President of the United StatesFeb. 24, 2021Travel and quarantine2021 Q1
Ex. SEC-19-008Temporary final rule, 8 C.F.R. 214.2(h) and 20 C.F.R. 655 (FY 2021 H-2B supplemental cap)Exercise of Time-Limited Authority To Increase the Fiscal Year 2021 Numerical Limitation for the H-2B Temporary Nonagricultural Worker…Department of Homeland Security (USCIS) and Department of Labor (ETA)May 25, 2021Travel and quarantineSupply chain2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-009COVID-19 Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502,.504,.505,.509Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary StandardDepartment of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationJune 21, 2021Health care ordersWorkplace rules2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-019Directive DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)Revised National Emphasis Program - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)Department of Labor, OSHAJuly 7, 2021Workplace rules2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-024State Public Health Officer Order of August 5, 2021Health Care Worker Vaccine RequirementState Public Health Officer (California Department of Public Health)Aug. 5, 2021Health care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-027Executive Order No. 252Vaccination or testing requirement for workers in health care and high-risk congregate settingsGovernor Philip D. MurphyAug. 6, 2021Health care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-042State Public Health Officer Order of August 11, 2021Vaccine Verification for Workers in SchoolsState Public Health Officer (CDPH)Aug. 12, 2021Schools and child careWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-016Emergency Executive Order No. 225Key to NYC: Requiring COVID-19 Vaccination for Indoor Entertainment, Recreation, Dining and Fitness SettingsMayor Bill de BlasioAug. 17, 2021Workplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-025Proclamation 21-14.1COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement (amending 21-14; adding health care providers and educational settings)Governor Jay InsleeAug. 20, 2021Workplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-02310 NYCRR 2.61 (emergency regulation adopted Aug. 26, 2021)Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission by Covered Entities (health care worker vaccination)New York State Department of Health, Public Health and Health Planning Council (emergency regulation)Aug. 26, 2021Health care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-026Executive Order 2021-20 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 87)Executive Order regarding face coverings and vaccination requirements for health care workers, school personnel and higher educationGovernor JB PritzkerAug. 30, 2021Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-010Executive Order 14042Ensuring Adequate COVID Safety Protocols for Federal ContractorsPresident of the United StatesSept. 9, 2021Workplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-020COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and SubcontractorsCOVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021)Safer Federal Workforce Task ForceSept. 24, 2021Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-19-040FRED series TEMPHELPS, All Employees, Temporary Help ServicesAll Employees, Temporary Help Services (TEMPHELPS), thousands of persons, seasonally adjustedFederal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), mirroring BLS CES series CES6056132001Sept. 26, 2026Other
Ex. SEC-19-044Staffing Industry Statistics (ASA research page)Staffing Industry StatisticsAmerican Staffing AssociationSept. 26, 2026Other

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force

The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute. The record shows these instruments in force on this industry's functions between July 1 and September 30, 2021; an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it, and the State, metropolitan and federal layers on the quarter page add to the list.

In force, July 1 – Sept. 30, 2021

  • SEC-19-009 OSHA Healthcare ETS 29 CFR 1910.502 (June 21 - Dec. 27, 2021)
  • SEC-19-019 OSHA DIR 2021-03 revised NEP (July 7, 2021; NAICS 561320 targeted; posture)
  • SEC-19-010 EO 14042 (Sept. 9, 2021)
  • SEC-19-020 SFWTF contractor guidance (Sept. 24, 2021)
  • SEC-12-075 / SEC-12-077 SFWTF on-site contractor attestation (July 29, 2021)
  • SEC-19-008 DHS/DOL FY2021 H-2B rule (May 25 - Sept. 30, 2021)
  • SEC-19-041 15 U.S.C. 9023 FPUC $300 (to Sept. 6, 2021, as extended by ARPA sec. 9013; extension graded verified_secondary)
  • SEC-19-023 NY 10 NYCRR 2.61 (Aug. 26, 2021)
  • SEC-19-027 / NJ-056 NJ EO 252 (Aug. 6; eff. Sept. 7, 2021)
  • NJ-058 NJ EO 264 (Sept. 20, 2021; masking Sept. 24)
  • SEC-19-026 IL EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26, 2021; masks Aug. 30)
  • SEC-19-024 CDPH HCW order (Aug. 5, 2021)
  • SEC-19-042 CDPH school-worker order (Aug. 11, 2021)
  • SEC-19-025 WA Proclamation 21-14.1 (Aug. 20, 2021) and SEC-12-074 21-14 (Aug. 9, 2021)
  • OR-047 OR EO 21-29 (Aug. 13, 2021)
  • SEC-12-081 OR-OSHA AO 10-2021 masks (Aug. 13, 2021)
  • SEC-19-016 NYC EEO 225 Key to NYC (Aug. 16, 2021)
  • KS-052 KDHE adult care home testing order (June 18, 2021)
  • SEC-10-041 Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 3205 readopted (June 17, 2021)
  • SEC-19-029 / SEC-12-063 Virginia 16VAC25-220 (permanent from Jan. 27, 2021; amended Sept. 8, 2021)
  • SEC-12-066 Oregon OAR 437-001-0744 permanent (May 4, 2021)
  • SEC-10-031 NY HERO Act designation (Sept. 6, 2021)
  • FED-A CDC conveyance order 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A
  • FED-A CMS-3401-IFC 42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) staff testing incl. individuals providing services under arrangement
  • State and local Delta-wave mask orders (NV Directive 047 July 30; LA Aug. 4; OR Aug. 13; NM Aug. 17; WA Aug. 23; IL Aug. 30; HI; DC July 31; LA County July 17; Bay Area Aug. 3; Philadelphia Aug. 12; New Orleans Aug. 16; others per State and metro files)
  • School masking and staff-vaccination orders of Aug.-Sept. 2021 (PA Aug. 31; KY EO 2021-585; NM-068 Aug. 17; CA Aug. 11; WA 21-14.1; IL EO 2021-20; NJ EO 253 Aug. 23; OR; MA DESE Aug. 25)

The third quarter of 2021 across every State, and this industry's quarter analysis.

Group meetings, trade shows and seasons disrupted

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, conferences and seasons of this industry that the orders cancelled, postponed or moved online: 30 notices, each graded and sourced. The Suspension Clause names “group meetings” in terms.

DateOrganizer noticeGradeExhibit and source
Feb. 4, 2020ASA, "Share Your Knowledge at Staffing World 2020" (Feb. 4, 2020) (Nashville, Gaylord Opryland, Oct. 20-22, 2020 as planned)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-028 Open · Source
Mar. 6, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "Reed Exhibitions Postpones ISC West" (Mar. 6, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-004 Open · Source
Mar. 17, 2020Cleanfax, "The Experience Conference Canceled" (Mar. 17, 2020) (Cincinnati, Apr. 1-3, 2020; Ohio gathering ban)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-016 Open · Source
Mar. 28, 2020cleanbuildingsexpo.com as archived Mar. 28, 2020 (Mar. 11, 2020 notice rescheduling NFMT and CBE to August)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-033 Open · Source
Apr. 9, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "ISC West 2020 to Now Take Place Oct. 5-8" (Apr. 9, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-005 Open · Source
Apr. 13, 2020SDM, "ESX 2020 Cancelled" (Apr. 13, 2020) (Nashville, June 9-12, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-020 Open · Source
Apr. 22, 2020Greenhouse Grower, "Cultivate 20 Will Now Be a Virtual Event" (Apr. 22, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-015 Open · Source
May 5, 2020NALP Edge blog, "Reflecting on Renewal and Remembrance" (May 5, 2020) (cancellation of Renewal & Remembrance and Legislative Days 2020)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-022 Open · Source
May 31, 2020Greenhouse Grower, "Cultivate 20 Planning Continues; Here is What You Need to Know Right Now" (May 31, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-026 Open · Source
June 22, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "Global Security Exchange 2020 Shifts to All-Virtual GSX+" (June 22, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-009 Open · Source
June 25, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "ISC West Cancels 2020 In-Person Show, Transitions to Virtual Event" (June 25, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-006 Open · Source
July 22, 2020NALP Edge blog, "NALP Holds 2020 Renewal & Remembrance Ceremony" (July 22, 2020) (Arlington National Cemetery closed to the public)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-023 Open · Source
Aug. 4, 2020Greenhouse Grower, "MANTS 2021 Will Not Take Place as an In-Person Event" (Aug. 4, 2020) (Baltimore Convention Center field hospital)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-014 Open · Source
Aug. 13, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "Though ISC East Is in Limbo, Precautions Are Still Being Taken" (Aug. 13, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-011 Open · Source
Aug. 13, 2020hrtechnologyconference.com as archived Aug. 13, 2020 ("HR Tech is pivoting into an exciting new virtual experience")Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-032 Open · Source
Aug. 17, 2020CMM (ISSA Media), "ISSA Show North America Will Be Virtual This Year" (Aug. 17, 2020)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-012 Open · Source
Sept. 2, 2020SDM, "ISC East 2020 Canceled" (Sept. 2, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-019 Open · Source
Sept. 11, 2020Cleanfax, "The Experience Convention and Trade Show Canceled" (Sept. 11, 2020) (Las Vegas; Nevada 50-person limit quoted)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-017 Open · Source
Sept. 28, 2020staffingworld.net as archived Sept. 28, 2020 ("Staffing World 2020, Oct. 19-22... Virtual Reality Experience")Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-027 Open · Source
Oct. 20, 2020NALP Edge blog, "LANDSCAPES 2020: The Virtual Experience Is Live" (Oct. 20, 2020)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-024 Open · Source
Nov. 12, 2020Security Sales & Integration, "ISC West 2021 Already Postponed Until July" (Nov. 12, 2020)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-007 Open · Source
Dec. 3, 2020ilandscapeshow.com as archived Dec. 3, 2020 (iLandscape 2021 virtual "due to the ongoing pandemic and the State of Illinois guidelines")Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-029 Open · Source
Dec. 9, 2020CMM (ISSA Media), "A Look Back at ISSA Show North America Virtual Experience" (Dec. 9, 2020)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-025 Open · Source
Dec. 10, 2020ISSA, "ISSA Show North America Virtual Experience Recap" (Dec. 10, 2020)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-013 Open · Source
Mar. 30, 2021Hiring Our Heroes, "One Year Later, Hiring Our Heroes Discovers a Silver Lining with a Forced Virtual Reality" (Mar. 2021)Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-018 Open · Source
June 21, 2021SDM, "ESX Presents All-Virtual Conference" (June 21, 2021)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-021 Open · Source
July 23, 2021Security Sales & Integration, "ISC West Lite: What to Know About What Went Down" (July 23, 2021) (about 11,000 attendees; under 50 percent of normal)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-008 Open · Source
Sept. 30, 2021Security Sales & Integration, "ASIS Proclaims 8,600 Global Registrants for Hybrid GSX 2021" (Sept. 30, 2021)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-010 Open · Source
Oct. 13, 2021Landscape Management, "Going to GIE+EXPO? Here is what to expect" (Oct. 13, 2021) (vaccination request, masks, attendance projections for the Oct. 20-22, 2021 show)Confirmed from a secondary sourceEx. SEC-19-GM-003 Open · Source
Dec. 20, 2021staffingworld.net as archived Dec. 20, 2021 (Staffing World 2021, Gaylord Rockies, Denver, in person; "Safety Is a Top Priority")Primary source readEx. SEC-19-GM-034 Open · Source

All cancelled meetings in the Library.

Read the analysis

The analysis of this industry runs to seven further pages. Each carries its own notes and exhibit links.

Part 1 of 7How a typical employer operatesThe functions of the business, its revenue lines, its workforce, its suppliers and counterparties, its seasons, and how the orders reached each of them.Part 2 of 7The orders by layerFederal, State, metro, sector regulator, standing duty and counterparty: the instruments that reached this industry, layer by layer, with exhibit links.Part 3 of 7The six quartersWhat was in force on this industry's functions in each quarter from 2020 Q2 through 2021 Q3, with the third quarter of 2021 answered instrument by instrument.Part 4 of 7Function by functionEach function of the business, the orders that reached it and the change they compelled, one function at a time.Part 5 of 7The interconnected economyHow orders on suppliers, customers, carriers and workers reached this industry, and why an order's effect on a business outlasts the order's end date.Part 6 of 7The Service's positions, answeredThe fourteen sentences the Service's letters use, each quoted and answered for this industry from the public record.Part 7 of 7FindingsThe conclusions for each of the six quarters and the standard of proof they meet.