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Michigan

The Michigan file holds 83 instruments from the State's governor, health authorities, courts and agencies, 72 of them with the exhibit file held by The COVID Project. 275 records in the Library resolve to Michigan in all, counting its metros, the agency clusters and the standing duties.

Code MIFirst closure or stay-at-home order Mar. 16, 2020 Ex. MI-005End of general restrictions June 22, 2021Orders reaching 2021 Q3 21Primary source read 63 Confirmed from a secondary source 20
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The Michigan file

The record in brief

Michigan imposed one of the longest and most layered order regimes in the country, and it ran on three successive legal engines: the Governor's executive orders (March 10 to October 2, 2020), the Department of Health and Human Services' epidemic orders under MCL 333.2253 (October 5, 2020 to June 22, 2021, with sector orders continuing through 2021 Q3), and, beneath both, the Supreme Court's administrative orders (March 15, 2020 to July 26, 2021), MIOSHA's emergency rules (October 14, 2020 to June 22, 2021), the Legislature's COVID-19 Employment Rights Act (retroactive to March 1, 2020 and still in force) and county health officers' school orders (August-September 2021). RUN-UP AND 2020 Q2. EO 2020-4 declared the emergency on March 10, 2020. EO 2020-9 (March 16) closed restaurants, bars, theaters, gyms and casinos to the public at 3:00 pm that day; EO 2020-11 (March 16) capped assemblages at 50 and closed every school building; EO 2020-17 (March 20) postponed all non-essential medical and dental procedures; EO 2020-20 (March 21) added salons, spas and tattoo parlors to the closures; EO 2020-21 (March 23) ordered every resident to stay home from 12:01 am March 24, prohibited 'all public and private gatherings of any number of people' outside a household, and provided that 'No person or entity shall operate a business or conduct operations that require workers to leave their homes' except critical-infrastructure workers and minimum basic operations; the Secretary of State closed every branch office March 24. EO 2020-42 (April 9) tightened the order through April 30: it 'must be construed broadly to prohibit in-person work that is not necessary to sustain or protect life,' banned travel between residences and to vacation rentals, cut large stores to four customers per 1,000 square feet and closed their garden, paint, flooring and furniture departments, and banned short-term rental advertising. EO 2020-35 (April 2) suspended in-person K-12 instruction for the rest of the school year. EO 2020-59 (April 24) extended the stay-home order to May 15 and imposed the first face-covering mandate April 26; EO 2020-70 (May 1) let construction and real estate resume May 7 by appointment; EO 2020-77 (May 7) let manufacturing resume May 11 under screening rules; EO 2020-91 (May 18) imposed workplace safeguards on every in-person employer and told them to 'Promote remote work to the fullest extent possible'; EO 2020-92 (May 18) reopened retail, offices (only work 'not capable of being performed remotely') and 50 percent restaurants in the northern Regions 6 and 8 on May 22; EO 2020-96 (May 21) opened retail and auto showrooms statewide by appointment on May 26 and ended the procedure postponement May 29. EO 2020-110 (June 1) rescinded the stay-home order but ordered that 'Any work that is capable of being performed remotely... must be performed remotely,' capped indoor gatherings at 10 and outdoor at 100, reopened retail June 4 and restaurants June 8 at 50 percent, and kept theaters, gyms, personal care and casinos closed (personal care reopened June 15; gyms September 9; theaters October 9). The Supreme Court's AO 2020-2 (March 18) limited courts to essential functions and 10 persons; AO 2020-10 delayed all jury trials to June 22; AO 2020-14 (May 6) imposed SCAO-gated phased reopening; AO 2020-17 (June 9) rewrote eviction procedure. 2020 Q3. EO 2020-143 (July 1) closed indoor bar service; EO 2020-147 (July 10) required masks in every indoor public space and forbade businesses to serve unmasked customers; EO 2020-160 (July 31) fixed the statewide baseline for the quarter: mandatory remote work wherever capable, 10 indoor and 100 outdoor gathering caps, indoor bars, theaters and (until September 9) gyms closed, venues at 25 percent; EO 2020-176 and 2020-184 carried the regime to September 30; the workplace-safeguard series ran unbroken. On October 2, 2020 the Supreme Court held the post-April 30 orders unauthorized (In re Certified Questions); MDHHS re-imposed the same limits under MCL 333.2253 on October 5, 9 and 29, 2020, with misdemeanor and $1,000-per-day civil penalties; MIOSHA's Emergency Rules of October 14, 2020 re-imposed the workplace rules and prohibited in-person work 'to the extent that their work activities can feasibly be completed remotely'; the Legislature enacted 2020 PA 238 (October 22) ordering symptomatic, positive and exposed workers to stay away from work. 2020 Q4 AND THE WINTER RE-TIGHTENING. The November 15, 2020 'Pause' (effective November 18) closed indoor dining, theaters, casinos, bowling, group fitness and in-person high-school and college instruction and prohibited all indoor non-residential gatherings; the December 7 and December 18 orders extended it to January 15, 2021 and the January 13 order to January 31, 2021, with retail at 30 percent and gyms at 25 percent. 2021 Q1 AND Q2. Indoor dining resumed February 1, 2021 at 25 percent with a 100-person cap and a 10 pm close; the March 2 order (effective March 5) moved dining to 50 percent and 11 pm, retail to 50 percent, indoor non-residential gatherings to 25; the April 16 order continued that regime through Michigan's April surge; the May 4 order (effective May 6) allowed 25 indoor and 300 outdoor at non-residential venues and 50 percent at venues; the May 14 order exempted the fully vaccinated from masks; the May 24 order (effective June 1) lifted outdoor limits and set indoor capacity at 50 percent; MIOSHA dropped the remote-work rule May 24. MDHHS's rescission order of June 17, 2021 ended the general gathering, capacity and mask limits effective June 22, 2021, and MIOSHA rescinded its rules the same day. 2021 Q3. In force on July 1, 2021: the MDHHS residential care facilities order of May 21, 2021 and the residential care testing order of May 5, 2021 (every nursing home and adult foster care facility); the MDHHS prisons order of June 25, 2021; 2020 PA 238; the Supreme Court's AOs 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14 and 2020-19 (until July 26, 2021) and AO 2020-17 as amended July 2, 2021 (CERA eviction stays, all quarter); the agricultural testing order until July 1. From August 2021 county health officers issued school isolation-quarantine and mask orders with force of law under MCL 333.2451-.2453: Ottawa (August 6 and 20), Genesee (August 12, September 2 and 10), Kalamazoo (August 18), Berrien (September 1, effective September 6, rescinded September 29), and, in the Detroit metro, Wayne, Oakland, Macomb and Washtenaw. The Legislature's Sec. 250 of 2021 PA 87 (September 29, 2021) purported to bar such orders; the Governor declared it unenforceable. Michigan never preempted local orders during the period; MDHHS's orders expressly authorized local health departments to enforce them and preserved local power to impose stricter rules.

The six quarters

What the record shows in force in Michigan on the first day and the last day of each quarter. Every exhibit named here opens its record. The orders of March 13 to 31, 2020 belong to the second quarter of 2020, because wages paid after March 12, 2020 fall in that quarter.

QuarterFirst dayLast day
2020 Q2Second quarter of 2020The quarter nationally →April 1, 2020: EO 2020-21 stay-home order in force (Ex. MI-011) (EO 2020-42 from April 9, Ex. MI-017); EO 2020-20 closures of restaurants, bars, theaters, gyms, salons and casinos (Ex. MI-010); EO 2020-17 procedure postponement (Ex. MI-009); EO 2020-11 school closure (Ex. MI-007; EO 2020-35 from April 2, Ex. MI-015); EO 2020-33 emergency declaration (Ex. MI-013); Secretary of State branches closed (Ex. MI-012); AO 2020-1 and 2020-2 court limits (Exs. MI-004, MI-008).June 30, 2020: EO 2020-110 in force: mandatory remote work; indoor gatherings 10, outdoor 100; theaters, gyms, casinos closed; restaurants 50 percent; face coverings (Ex. MI-031); EO 2020-114 workplace safeguards (Ex. MI-032); EO 2020-115 Regions 6 and 8 Phase 5 (Ex. MI-033); AO 2020-14 phased court return and AO 2020-17 eviction procedures (Exs. MI-025, MI-034); 2020 PA 238 (retroactive) (Ex. MI-057).
2020 Q3Third quarter of 2020The quarter nationally →July 1, 2020: EO 2020-110, 2020-114 and 2020-115 (Exs. MI-031 to MI-033); EO 2020-143 indoor bar closure from 11:00 pm July 1 (Ex. MI-036); EO 2020-67 and 2020-68 declarations (Exs. MI-021, MI-022); AO 2020-14, 2020-17, 2020-19 (Exs. MI-025, MI-034, MI-035); 2020 PA 124 social districts (Ex. MI-037).September 30, 2020: EO 2020-176 (mandatory remote work outside Regions 6 and 8; indoor gatherings 10, outdoor 100; theaters closed; venues 25 percent) (Ex. MI-044); EO 2020-184 workplace safeguards (Ex. MI-046); EO 2020-153 masks (successor to Ex. MI-039); EO 2020-186 declaration (Ex. MI-048); EO 2020-183 scheduled for October 9 (Ex. MI-045); MDHHS agricultural testing order (Ex. MI-042); AO 2020-14, 2020-17, 2020-19.
2020 Q4Fourth quarter of 2020The quarter nationally →October 1, 2020: EO 2020-176, 2020-184, 2020-185 (scheduled October 5), 2020-186 in force (the Supreme Court decision came October 2; MDHHS order October 5) (Exs. MI-044, MI-046 to MI-050); MIOSHA rules from October 14 (Ex. MI-054); AO 2020-14, 2020-17, 2020-19.December 31, 2020: MDHHS Gatherings and Face Mask Order of December 18 (effective December 21): indoor dining closed; all indoor non-residential gatherings prohibited; retail 30 percent; gyms 25 percent; masks (Ex. MI-062); MDHHS residential care, visitation and LTC testing orders (Exs. MI-051, MI-055, MI-058); MIOSHA Emergency Rules (remote-work prohibition) (Ex. MI-054); 2020 PA 236 and 238 (Exs. MI-056, MI-057); AO 2020-14, 2020-17 (as amended December 29), 2020-19.
2021 Q1First quarter of 2021The quarter nationally →January 1, 2021: the December 18, 2020 MDHHS order (indoor dining closed; indoor non-residential gatherings prohibited; retail 30 percent) (Ex. MI-062); MIOSHA rules (Ex. MI-054); residential care orders; 2020 PA 238; AO 2020-14, 2020-17, 2020-19.March 31, 2021: MDHHS order of March 2 (effective March 5) as amended March 19 and 31: indoor dining 50 percent, 100 cap, 11 pm close; indoor non-residential gatherings 25; retail 50 percent; masks (Exs. MI-066, MI-067); MIOSHA rules; residential care orders of March 2 and 17, 2021 (successors to Ex. MI-051); 2020 PA 238; AO 2020-14, 2020-17 (as amended March 22), 2020-19.
2021 Q2Second quarter of 2021The quarter nationally →April 1, 2021: MDHHS March 2 order regime (Ex. MI-066); MIOSHA rules (Ex. MI-054); residential care orders; 2020 PA 238; court AOs.June 30, 2021: the general gathering, capacity and mask orders and the MIOSHA rules ended June 22 (Exs. MI-076, MI-074); in force: MDHHS residential care facilities order of May 21, 2021 (Ex. MI-072), residential care testing order of May 5, 2021 (Ex. MI-070), prisons order of June 25, 2021 (Ex. MI-077), agricultural testing order (Ex. MI-075); 2020 PA 238 (Ex. MI-057); AO 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14, 2020-17, 2020-19 (Ex. MI-080).
2021 Q3Third quarter of 2021The quarter nationally →July 1, 2021: MDHHS residential care facilities order (May 21, 2021) (Ex. MI-072); residential care testing order (May 5, 2021) (Ex. MI-070); prisons order (June 25, 2021) (Ex. MI-077); agricultural testing order (rescinded that day) (Exs. MI-075, MI-078); 2020 PA 238 (Ex. MI-057); AO 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14, 2020-19 (until July 26) and AO 2020-17 as amended July 2, 2021 (Exs. MI-079, MI-080); the federal layer.September 30, 2021: MDHHS residential care facilities order (Ex. MI-072) and residential care testing order (Ex. MI-070); prisons order (Ex. MI-077); 2020 PA 238 (Ex. MI-057); AO 2020-17 as amended July 26, 2021 (Ex. MI-080); county health officer school orders: Ottawa (Exs. MI-081, MI-084), Genesee (Ex. MI-082), Kalamazoo (Ex. MI-083) (Berrien's rescinded September 29, Ex. MI-085); Sec. 250 of 2021 PA 87 enacted September 29 (Ex. MI-086); Detroit-metro county orders; the federal layer.

The end of general restrictions

The day the general business restrictions ended in Michigan, the instrument that ended them, and what the record shows still in force afterward. The end of the general orders is not the end of the record: sector rules, standing duties and the federal layer continue past it.

End of general restrictions

Instrument MDHHS Rescission of Emergency Orders (Director Hertel), signed June 17, 2021 (Ex. MI-076), rescinding the Gatherings and Face Mask Order of May 24, 2021 (effective June 1, 2021) (Ex. MI-073); MIOSHA rescinded its COVID-19 Emergency Rules the same day (Ex. MI-074 series)

What remained in force

The rescission order (read in-session) lists nine rescinded orders and omits the residential care facilities, residential care testing, prisons and agricultural testing orders, which therefore continued: MDHHS Requirements for Residential Care Facilities order of May 21, 2021 (Ex. MI-072); MDHHS residential care facility testing order of May 5, 2021 (Ex. MI-070, replaced October 12, 2021); MDHHS Requirements for Prisons order of June 25, 2021 (Ex. MI-077, replaced January 13, 2022); MDHHS agricultural worker testing order until July 1, 2021 (Exs. MI-075, MI-078); 2020 PA 238, the COVID-19 Employment Rights Act (Ex. MI-057); Michigan Supreme Court AOs 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14 and 2020-19 until July 26, 2021 and AO 2020-17 as amended July 2 and July 26, 2021 (Exs. MI-079, MI-080); county health officer school quarantine and mask orders from August 6, 2021 (Exs. MI-081 to MI-085); the federal layer (CDC conveyance mask order; OSHA Healthcare ETS from June 21, 2021.

Preemption of local orders

None during the period. Michigan's Public Health Code gives local health officers independent authority to issue imminent-danger and epidemic orders (MCL 333.2451, 333.2453), and every MDHHS Gatherings and Face Mask Order provided that 'local health departments are authorized to carry out and enforce the terms of this order' (MCL 333.2235(1)) (Exs. MI-059, MI-063); EO 2020-92 § 14 preserved 'the existing power of a local government to impose further restrictions on restaurants or bars,' and EO 2020-110 §§ 10 and 13 applied 'Unless otherwise prohibited by local regulation.' The first legislative attempt at preemption was Sec. 250 of 2021 PA 87 (approved and effective September 29, 2021) (Ex. MI-086), barring the MDHHS director and local health officers from issuing or enforcing mask orders for persons under 18; the Governor's signing statement declared it unenforceable and the county school-mask orders continued into the 2021-22 school year. The Legislature's adoption of the Unlock Michigan initiative repealing the Emergency Powers of the Governor Act (July 21, 2021) addressed gubernatorial authority, not local orders.

Third quarter of 2021

July 1 through September 30, 2021, the last claimable quarter: the instruments the record shows in force in Michigan. An order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it. The quarter nationally →

In force (15)

  • MI-072 MDHHS Requirements for Residential Care Facilities (May 21, 2021), all quarter
  • MI-070 MDHHS residential care facility testing order (May 5, 2021), all quarter (replaced Oct. 12, 2021)
  • MI-077 MDHHS Requirements for Prisons (June 25, 2021), all quarter
  • MI-075 MDHHS agricultural worker testing order (June 11, 2021), July 1 only (rescinded by MI-078)
  • MI-057 2020 PA 238, COVID-19 Employment Rights Act, all quarter
  • MI-004 / MI-016 / MI-025 / MI-035 Supreme Court AOs 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14, 2020-19, July 1-26, 2021 (rescinded July 26, 2021, Ex. MI-080)
  • MI-034 / MI-079 Supreme Court AO 2020-17 (landlord-tenant; CERA stays), as amended July 2 and July 26, 2021, all quarter
  • MI-081 Ottawa County isolation and quarantine order in educational settings, from Aug. 6, 2021
  • MI-082 Genesee County school masking orders, from Aug. 12, 2021 (amended Sept. 2 and 10)
  • MI-083 Kalamazoo County school mask order, from Aug. 18, 2021
  • MI-084 Ottawa County face-mask order (pre-K-6), from Aug. 20, 2021
  • MI-085 Berrien County universal masking order, Sept. 6-29, 2021
  • MI-086 2021 PA 87 Sec. 250 (Legislature's bar on minor mask orders), Sept. 29-30, 2021 (declared unenforceable by the Governor)
  • Detroit-metro county school mask and quarantine orders
  • Federal layer: CDC conveyance mask order (86 Fed. Reg. 8025); OSHA Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.502 (from June 21, 2021); CDC eviction moratorium to Aug. 26, 2021

Sector chronology

How the orders reached each kind of business in Michigan, sector by sector, in the order the record gives. Open a sector to read its chronology; every exhibit named opens its record.

Restaurants and bars

Closed to dine-in Mar. 16, 2020 3:00 pm (EO 2020-9, -20, -43, -69); Regions 6 and 8 reopened at 50 percent May 22 (EO 2020-92); statewide 50 percent June 8 (EO 2020-110); indoor bar service (over 70 percent alcohol sales) closed July 1 (EO 2020-143) and statewide July 31 (EO 2020-160); six per table and contact information Nov. 2 (MDHHS Oct. 29); indoor dining closed Nov. 18, 2020-Jan. 31, 2021 (MDHHS Nov. 15, Dec. 7, Dec. 18, Jan. 13); 25 percent, 100 cap, 10 pm close Feb. 1 (MDHHS Jan. 22); 50 percent, 100 cap, 11 pm close Mar. 5 (MDHHS Mar. 2); 11 pm-4 am closure continued May 6 and 15 (MDHHS May 4, May 14); 50 percent June 1 (MDHHS May 24); all limits ended June 22, 2021.

Retail

Non-essential retail closed Mar. 24, 2020 (EO 2020-21, -42: large stores 4 per 1,000 sq ft, departments closed); statewide by appointment May 26 (EO 2020-96); open June 4 at 25 percent occupancy (EO 2020-110, -114); 30 percent Nov. 18, 2020 (MDHHS Nov. 15 through Feb. 2021); 50 percent Mar. 5, 2021 (MDHHS Mar. 2); limits ended June 22, 2021.

Personal care

Salons, spas, tattoo, massage closed Mar. 22, 2020 (EO 2020-20, -43, -69, -110 § 12(c)); Regions 6 and 8 reopened June 10 (EO 2020-115); statewide June 15, 2020 (EO 2020-115 § 2); contact-information duty and masks Nov. 2020-Jan. 2021 (MDHHS orders); limits ended June 22, 2021.

Fitness and entertainment

Gyms, theaters, casinos, bowling closed Mar. 16, 2020 (EO 2020-9); Regions 6 and 8 reopened June 10; gyms statewide Sept. 9, 2020 at 25 percent (EO 2020-176, -175); theaters Oct. 9, 2020 at 20 percent, 500 cap (EO 2020-183; MDHHS Oct. 5, 9, 29); theaters, casinos, bowling, group fitness closed Nov. 18-Dec. 20, 2020 (MDHHS Nov. 15, Dec. 7); venues with fixed seating reopened Dec. 21 at 20 percent, 100 cap (MDHHS Dec. 18); group exercise Jan. 16, 2021 (MDHHS Jan. 13); 50 percent May 6-June 22, 2021.

Hotels and short-term rentals

Short-term rental advertising and rental banned Apr. 9-Apr. 24, 2020 (EO 2020-42 § 12); travel to vacation rentals prohibited Mar. 24-May 2020 (EO 2020-21, -42, -59); hotels open for lodging as critical infrastructure with meeting and banquet space governed by the gathering caps (10 indoor June 2020-Jan. 2021; 25 indoor to June 22, 2021).

Offices and telework

Mar. 24-June 1, 2020: in-person work prohibited unless necessary to sustain or protect life; businesses must 'promote remote work to the fullest extent possible' (EO 2020-21 § 5(b)(2)); Regions 6 and 8 offices May 22 only for work 'not capable of being performed remotely' (EO 2020-92 § 13); June 1-Oct. 2, 2020: 'Any work that is capable of being performed remotely... must be performed remotely' (EO 2020-110 § 2; EO 2020-160 § 1; EO 2020-176 § 1 outside Regions 6 and 8); rule removed May 24, 2021; MIOSHA rules rescinded June 22, 2021.

Manufacturing

Non-critical manufacturing closed Mar. 24-May 11, 2020 (EO 2020-21, -42, -59, -70); resumed May 11 subject to screening, dedicated entry points and staggered shifts (EO 2020-77 § 11(k); EO 2020-91 § 4); suppliers and distribution centers resumed with their customers (EO 2020-77 § 11(l)); MIOSHA rules Oct. 14, 2020-June 22, 2021.

Construction

Closed Mar. 24-May 7, 2020 except critical infrastructure (EO 2020-21, -42, -59); resumed May 7 under daily screening and site rules (EO 2020-70 § 11(g), (i)); workplace-safeguard orders and MIOSHA rules to June 22, 2021.

Real estate

Showings, inspections, appraisals and closings suspended Mar. 24-May 7, 2020; resumed May 7 by appointment, four persons on premises (EO 2020-70 § 11(h)); registers of deeds resumed May 7; remote notarization by EO 2020-41; eviction procedures rewritten by AO 2020-17 (June 9, 2020, amended through July 26, 2021, CERA stays in 2021 Q3).

Hospitals and long-term care

Visitor bans Mar. 14, 2020 (EO 2020-7; successors EO 2020-37, -72, -108, -136); procedure postponement Mar. 21-May 29, 2020 (EO 2020-17); MDHHS residential care orders Oct. 6 and Oct. 21, 2020, Dec. 8, 2020, Mar. 2 and 17, 2021, May 21, 2021 (in force through 2021 Q3); LTC staff testing orders Oct. 28, 2020 and May 5, 2021 (through Oct. 12, 2021); no State health-care-worker vaccination mandate in 2021 (MDHHS nursing home vaccination order came Jan. 19, 2022).

Dental and elective health care

All non-essential medical and dental procedures postponed Mar. 21, 2020 (EO 2020-17); rescission effective May 29, 2020 (EO 2020-96); outpatient facilities subject to the workplace-safeguard orders (EO 2020-91 to -184) and MIOSHA rules (patients masked; screening; waiting-room limits) through June 22, 2021.

Schools

K-12 buildings closed Mar. 16, 2020 (EO 2020-5, -11); in-person instruction suspended for the rest of 2019-20 (EO 2020-35); 2020-21 year under EO 2020-142 phased plans with classroom masks from Oct. 5 (EO 2020-185) and MDHHS orders; high schools remote Nov. 18-Dec. 20, 2020 (MDHHS Nov. 15, Dec. 7); no statewide mask order for 2021-22; county school mask and quarantine orders Aug.-Sept. 2021 (Ottawa, Genesee, Kalamazoo, Berrien; Detroit metro); Sec. 250 of 2021 PA 87 Sept. 29, 2021.

Child care

Child care limited to essential workers' children Mar. 2020 (EO 2020-16 disaster relief child care centers; LARA provisional orders); reopened with MDHHS gathering-order exceptions; masks for children 4 and up in child-care settings under MDHHS orders (Jan. 13, 2021 § 7(e)) to June 22, 2021.

Worship and gatherings

Assemblages over 250 barred Mar. 13, over 50 Mar. 17 (EO 2020-5, -11); all gatherings outside a household prohibited Mar. 24-June 1, 2020 (EO 2020-21, -42, -59, -70, -77, -96); indoor 10 / outdoor 100 June 1-Oct. 2, 2020 (EO 2020-110, -160, -176; Regions 6 and 8: 50/250 June 10-July 31); MDHHS Oct. 29: 10 residential, 50 non-residential without fixed seating, 500 with fixed seating at 20 percent; all indoor non-residential gatherings prohibited Nov. 18, 2020-Jan. 31, 2021; 10 from 2 households Feb. 1; 25 indoor non-residential Mar. 5; 25 indoor / 300 outdoor May 6; limits ended June 22, 2021. Places of worship and worshippers exempt from penalty under every MDHHS order.

Courts and public offices

AO 2020-1 (Mar. 15) emergency measures; AO 2020-2 (Mar. 18) essential functions only, 10 persons; AO 2020-6 remote proceedings; AO 2020-10 jury trials delayed to June 22, 2020; AO 2020-14 (May 6, 2020) SCAO-gated phased return until July 26, 2021; AO 2020-19 jury trials only in Phase 3 courts; Secretary of State branches closed Mar. 24, 2020 then appointment-only; registration and license expirations extended to Sept. 30, 2020 (2020 PA 127).

Travel and quarantine

No statewide travel-quarantine order; in-state travel between residences and to vacation rentals prohibited Apr. 10-Apr. 24, 2020 (EO 2020-42); 2020 PA 238 excludes exposed and positive workers from workplaces (14 and 10 days) from Mar. 1, 2020 onward; county quarantine orders in educational settings (Ottawa Aug. 6, 2021) in 2021 Q3.

Face coverings

Face coverings in enclosed public spaces Apr. 26, 2020 (EO 2020-59 § 15); business duty to refuse service July 13, 2020 (EO 2020-147 § 3; EO 2020-153); MDHHS Oct. 5, 2020-June 22, 2021 (business duty to deny entry, MDHHS Oct. 29 § 6(c)); fully vaccinated exempt May 15, 2021 (MDHHS May 14); outdoor requirement ended May 15, 2021; statewide requirement ended June 22, 2021; county school mask orders Aug.-Sept. 2021.

Vaccination mandates

No State employee or health-care-worker vaccination mandate in 2020 or 2021 Q1-Q3; State universities (Michigan, Michigan State, Wayne State) announced campus vaccination requirements July-Aug. 2021; MDHHS nursing home staff vaccination-or-testing order Jan. 19, 2022 (post-period).

Standing duties

The statutes, codes and penalty provisions of Michigan that stood before March 2020 and ran through every claimable quarter. They are the reason nothing an employer did under the orders was voluntary. Read the Michigan duties →

Michigan law imposed, throughout the six quarters, four standing layers of legal duty that made the pandemic protocols compulsory for every employer and every operator of premises open to the public, and a fifth that made compliance the legal standard of care. First, the Public Health Code, 1978 PA 368, empowered the director of the Department of Health and Human Services, on a determination that 'control of an epidemic is necessary to protect the public health,' to 'prohibit the gathering of people for any purpose' and to 'establish procedures to be followed during the epidemic' (MCL 333.2253(1), Ex. DUT-MI-001), to issue imminent-danger orders to any person 'authorized to avoid, correct, or remove the imminent danger' and to 'take full charge of the administration of applicable state and local health laws' (MCL 333.2251, Ex. DUT-MI-002), and gave every local health officer the same epidemic and imminent-danger powers within the officer's jurisdiction (MCL 333.2453, 333.2451, Exs. DUT-MI-005, DUT-MI-006). Violation of a department rule or order is a misdemeanor punishable by six months' imprisonment or a $200 fine (MCL 333.2261, Ex. DUT-MI-003), and a civil fine of up to $1,000 'for each violation or day that a violation continues' (MCL 333.2262, Ex. DUT-MI-004; MCL 333.2461 for local orders, Ex. DUT-MI-008). Every MDHHS epidemic order of October 5, 2020 through June 22, 2021 recited these penalties in terms and authorized local health departments to enforce it under MCL 333.2235(1) (Exs. MI-050 sec. 6, MI-060 sec. 8; Ex. DUT-MI-016). The Code also bound the owner or occupant of any 'building or condition which violates health laws' or constitutes 'a nuisance, unsanitary condition, or cause of illness' to correct it at the owner's expense (MCL 333.2455, Ex. DUT-MI-007), and the Department's communicable-disease rules required every 'physician or other person who attends to a case of communicable disease' to 'arrange for appropriate barrier precautions, treatment, or isolation' and authorized the health officer to institute isolation for cases and suspected cases (Mich. Admin. Code R 325.175, Ex. DUT-MI-009), with circuit-court orders against carriers who are a 'health threat to others' (MCL 333.5205, Ex. DUT-MI-020). Second, the Emergency Management Act, 1976 PA 390, gave the Governor's executive orders 'the force and effect of law' (MCL 30.403(2), Ex. DUT-MI-011), authorized control of 'the occupancy of premises' in a threatened area (MCL 30.405(1)(g)), and made willful disobedience of a gubernatorial order a misdemeanor (MCL 30.405(3), Ex. DUT-MI-010); the Emergency Powers of the Governor Act, 1945 PA 302, carried the parallel misdemeanor in MCL 10.33 that every 2020 executive order recited until the Michigan Supreme Court held that Act an unconstitutional delegation on October 2, 2020 (Ex. MI-049 at 14 n.10; repeal by 2021 PA 77 effective March 30, 2022, Ex. DUT-MI-012). Third, the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1974 PA 154, bound every employer to 'furnish to each employee, employment and a place of employment that is free from recognized hazards that are causing, or are likely to cause, death or serious physical harm' and to 'comply with this act and with the rules and standards promulgated and the orders issued pursuant to this act' (MCL 408.1011, Ex. DUT-MI-013), on pain of civil penalties of up to $7,000 per serious violation, $70,000 per willful or repeated violation and a felony for a willful violation causing death (MCL 408.1035, Ex. DUT-MI-014). MIOSHA filled that duty with COVID-19 content by its Emergency Rules of October 14, 2020 (Ex. MI-054; re-issued April 13, 2021, amended May 24, 2021, Exs. MI-074, AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-062; rescinded June 22, 2021), which required a written preparedness and response plan 'consistent with the current guidance for COVID-19 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,' daily entry screening, distancing, face coverings and 'a policy prohibiting in-person work for employees to the extent that their work activities can feasibly be completed remotely' (Rules 4-6), and it cited employers under those rules (Exs. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-064, -065). Before the rules, the Governor's workplace-safeguard orders imposed the same measures on every business permitted to operate ('must, at a minimum: (a) Develop a COVID-19 preparedness and response plan, consistent with recommendations in Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19, developed by [OSHA]'; Exs. MI-027, SEC-09-034, MI-032, MI-041, MI-043, MI-046), and the stay-home orders conditioned all continuing in-person work on 'sound social distancing practices and measures' (Ex. MI-017 sec. 10). Fourth, the COVID-19 Employment Rights Act, 2020 PA 238, forbade an employee who tested positive or displayed the principal symptoms to 'report to work' and forbade the employer to retaliate (Ex. MI-057 secs. 3, 5; retroactive to March 1, 2020). Fifth, the Legislature wrote compliance into the standard of care: the COVID-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance Act, 2020 PA 236, immunizes only 'a person who acts in compliance with all federal, state, and local statutes, rules, regulations, executive orders, and agency orders related to COVID-19 that had not been denied legal effect at the time of the conduct' (Ex. MI-056 sec. 5), and 2020 PA 237 added the identical condition to the MIOSHA Act for employee-exposure claims, retroactive to exposures after March 1, 2020 (MCL 408.1085, Ex. DUT-MI-015). A regulator of a fourth kind said the same thing to its licensees: the Department of Insurance and Financial Services directed that 'regulated entities and individuals must comply with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) Emergency Order... [and] must also comply with applicable provisions of the Emergency Rules filed by [MIOSHA]' (Ex. AGY-ST-INSURANCE-BANKING-095). The Court of Appeals, in a 2023 published opinion on a caterer's challenge, described the MDHHS orders as instruments that 'directly restricted plaintiff's ability to operate its business,' 'contained criminal sanctions for violators,' and affected 'virtually every aspect of the daily lives and the livelihoods of the people of Michigan'; The Legislature had anticipated exactly that sequence: both liability shields key immunity to compliance with orders 'that had not been denied legal effect at the time of the conduct,' so the duty to comply while the orders stood is the standard the Legislature itself declared.

The question these duties answer

Thesis T13).

By character

  • 6 Order penalty
  • 5 Statutory authority
  • 3 Sanitary code duty
  • 2 Statutory duty
  • 1 Adjudication
  • 1 Liability shield condition
  • 1 Statutory framework
  • 1 Workplace duty

Exhibits

Ex. DUT-MI-001 Ex. DUT-MI-002 Ex. DUT-MI-003 Ex. DUT-MI-004 Ex. DUT-MI-005 Ex. DUT-MI-006 Ex. DUT-MI-007 Ex. DUT-MI-008 Ex. DUT-MI-009 Ex. DUT-MI-010 Ex. DUT-MI-011 Ex. DUT-MI-012 Ex. DUT-MI-013 Ex. DUT-MI-014 Ex. DUT-MI-015 Ex. DUT-MI-016 Ex. DUT-MI-017 Ex. DUT-MI-018 Ex. DUT-MI-019 Ex. DUT-MI-020

The Michigan duties, read in full20 duty records in the Library →

On the calendar

Every dated instrument in the Michigan file across the nineteen months from March 2020 through September 2021, in the order it took effect. A bar takes the color of the instrument's first limitation type and runs from its effective month through its end month; a fading edge marks an instrument whose end the record does not date. Point at a bar for its dates; open the bar for the record.

Emergency declaration 7Stay-at-home 7Business closure 20Telework mandate 19Capacity limit 29Gathering cap 29Face-covering requirement 30Travel and quarantine 2Schools and child care 12Health care orders 11Curfew and hours 6Alcohol and bars 20Events and venues 24Courts and public offices 11Workplace rules 15Quarantine and isolation 9Other 17

All instruments

Every record in the Michigan file, in the order it took effect. Filter by quarter and by limitation type; sort by any column; open the exhibit ID for the record and the operative words, or the file where The COVID Project holds it.

Showing 83 of 83 instrumentsEvery record that resolves to Michigan in the Library (275) →
ExhibitInstrumentIssuerLevelEffectiveEndQuartersLimitationsSourceFile
Ex. MI-001Executive Order 2020-4Declaration of State of EmergencyGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 10, 2020Apr. 1, 20202020 Q2Emergency declarationConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-002Executive Order 2020-5Temporary prohibition on large assemblages and events, temporary school closuresGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 13, 2020Mar. 17, 20202020 Q2Gathering capSchools and child careConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 374 KB
Ex. MI-003Executive Order 2020-7Temporary restrictions on entry into health care facilities, residential care facilities, congregate care…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 14, 2020Apr. 5, 20202020 Q2Health care ordersOtherPrimary source readPDF 244 KB
Ex. MI-004Administrative Order No. 2020-1In re Emergency Procedures in Court FacilitiesMichigan Supreme CourtCourtMar. 15, 2020July 26, 20212020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Courts and public officesPrimary source readPDF 49 KB
Ex. MI-005Executive Order 2020-9Temporary restrictions on the use of places of public accommodationGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 16, 2020Mar. 30, 20202020 Q2Business closureAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 215 KB
Ex. MI-006Executive Order 2020-10Temporary expansions in unemployment eligibility and cost-sharingGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 16, 2020Apr. 14, 20202020 Q2OtherPrimary source readPDF 385 KB
Ex. MI-007Executive Order 2020-11Temporary prohibition on large assemblages and events, temporary school closuresGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 17, 2020Apr. 5, 20202020 Q2Gathering capSchools and child carePrimary source readPDF 380 KB
Ex. MI-008Administrative Order No. 2020-2Order Limiting Activities/Assemblages in Court FacilitiesMichigan Supreme CourtCourtMar. 18, 2020June 26, 20202020 Q2Gathering capCourts and public officesPrimary source readPDF 68 KB
Ex. MI-009Executive Order 2020-17Temporary restrictions on non-essential medical and dental proceduresGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 21, 2020May 29, 20202020 Q2Health care ordersPrimary source readPDF 380 KB
Ex. MI-010Executive Order 2020-20Temporary restrictions on the use of places of public accommodationGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateMar. 22, 2020Apr. 13, 20202020 Q2Business closureAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 391 KB
Ex. MI-012Secretary of State branch office closure (Mar. 24, 2020)Temporary closure of all Secretary of State officesMichigan Department of State (Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson)Sector regulatorMar. 24, 2020June 1, 20202020 Q2Courts and public officesPrimary source readPDF 174 KB
Ex. MI-013Executive Order 2020-33Expanded emergency and disaster declarationGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 1, 2020Apr. 30, 20202020 Q2Emergency declarationPrimary source readPDF 380 KB
Ex. MI-014MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253 incorporating the Governor's executive orders into the epidemic findingOrder incorporating Executive Orders into the MDHHS epidemic findingMichigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateApr. 2, 2020Oct. 26, 20202020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4Emergency declarationStay-at-homeBusiness closureConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-015Executive Order 2020-35Provision of K-12 education during the remainder of the 2019-2020 school yearGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 2, 2020June 30, 20202020 Q2Schools and child carePrimary source readPDF 494 KB
Ex. MI-016Administrative Order No. 2020-6Order Expanding Authority for Judicial Officers to Conduct Proceedings RemotelyMichigan Supreme CourtCourtApr. 7, 2020July 26, 20212020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Courts and public officesPrimary source readSource
Ex. MI-017Executive Order 2020-42Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (extended and…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 9, 2020Apr. 30, 20202020 Q2Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capTravel and quarantinePrimary source readPDF 253 KB
Ex. MI-018Executive Order 2020-43Temporary restrictions on the use of places of public accommodationGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 13, 2020Apr. 30, 20202020 Q2Business closureAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 413 KB
Ex. MI-019Administrative Order No. 2020-10Delay of Jury TrialsMichigan Supreme CourtCourtApr. 23, 2020June 22, 20202020 Q2Courts and public officesPrimary source readSource
Ex. MI-020Executive Order 2020-59Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (Stay Home, Stay…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 24, 2020May 15, 20202020 Q2Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering capFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantinePrimary source readPDF 466 KB
Ex. MI-021Executive Order 2020-67Declaration of state of emergency under the Emergency Powers of the Governor ActGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 30, 2020Sept. 30, 20202020 Q22020 Q3Emergency declarationPrimary source readPDF 400 KB
Ex. MI-022Executive Order 2020-68Declaration of state of emergency and state of disaster under the Emergency Management ActGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 30, 2020Sept. 30, 20202020 Q22020 Q3Emergency declarationPrimary source readPDF 404 KB
Ex. MI-023Executive Order 2020-69Temporary restrictions on the use of places of public accommodationGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateApr. 30, 2020May 28, 20202020 Q2Business closureAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 401 KB
Ex. MI-024Executive Order 2020-70 (May 1, 2020), sec. 11(h)Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (MI Safe Start…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateMay 1, 2020May 15, 20202020 Q2Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering capFace-covering requirementPrimary source readPDF 469 KB
Ex. MI-025Administrative Order No. 2020-14Continued Status Quo Court Operations and Phased Return to Full Court OperationsMichigan Supreme CourtCourtMay 6, 2020July 26, 20212020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Capacity limitGathering capCourts and public officesPrimary source readPDF 53 KB
Ex. MI-028Executive Order 2020-92Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (Regions 6 and 8…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateMay 18, 2020May 28, 20202020 Q2Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capPrimary source readPDF 350 KB
Ex. MI-029MDHHS Emergency Order reinforcing the Governor's executive ordersEpidemic order reinforcing Executive Orders (May 18, 2020; re-issued May 27, 2020 and in the late-July 2020…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateMay 18, 2020Oct. 26, 20202020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4Emergency declarationStay-at-homeBusiness closureWorkplace rulesConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-030Executive Order 2020-96Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (retail and auto…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateMay 21, 2020May 28, 20202020 Q2Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capHealth care ordersPrimary source readPDF 461 KB
Ex. MI-031Executive Order 2020-110Temporary restrictions on certain events, gatherings, and businesses (MI Safe Start; rescission of the…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateJune 1, 2020July 31, 20202020 Q22020 Q3Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 439 KB
Ex. MI-032Executive Order 2020-114Safeguards to protect Michigan's workers from COVID-19Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateJune 5, 2020July 9, 20202020 Q22020 Q3Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 518 KB
Ex. MI-034Administrative Order No. 2020-17Continuation of Alternative Procedures for Landlord/Tenant CasesMichigan Supreme CourtCourtJune 9, 2020June 24, 20202020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Courts and public officesOtherPrimary source readSource
Ex. MI-033Executive Order 2020-115Temporary restrictions on certain events, gatherings, and businesses (Regions 6 and 8 to Phase 5; statewide…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateJune 10, 2020July 31, 20202020 Q22020 Q3Business closureCapacity limitGathering capEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 338 KB
Ex. MI-035Administrative Order No. 2020-19Continuing Order Regarding Court OperationsMichigan Supreme CourtCourtJune 26, 2020July 26, 20212020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Courts and public officesPrimary source readSource
Ex. MI-036Executive Order 2020-143Closing indoor service at bars in Regions 1-5 and 7 (amending EO 2020-110)Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateJuly 1, 2020July 31, 20202020 Q3Business closureCapacity limitAlcohol and barsPrimary source readPDF 407 KB
Ex. MI-0372020 PA 124 (Enrolled Senate Bill 942)Amendment to the Michigan Liquor Control Code authorizing social districts and commons areas for outdoor…Michigan Legislature (2020 PA 124, approved by the Governor)StateJuly 1, 2020Sept. 30, 20212020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Alcohol and barsOtherPrimary source readPDF 135 KB
Ex. MI-0382020 PA 127Extension of motor vehicle registration and driver license expirations to September 30, 2020Michigan Legislature (2020 PA 127, approved by the Governor)StateJuly 1, 2020Sept. 30, 20202020 Q3Courts and public officesOtherPrimary source readPDF 200 KB
Ex. MI-039Executive Order 2020-147MasksGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateJuly 10, 2020July 17, 20202020 Q3Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 404 KB
Ex. MI-041Executive Order 2020-161Safeguards to protect Michigan's workers from COVID-19Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateJuly 29, 2020Sept. 3, 20202020 Q3Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 598 KB
Ex. MI-040Executive Order 2020-160Amended Safe Start OrderGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateJuly 31, 2020Sept. 4, 20202020 Q3Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 472 KB
Ex. MI-042MDHHS Public Health Order: Testing of agricultural and food-processing employeesEmergency Order requiring COVID-19 testing of migrant and seasonal agricultural workers and meat, poultry and…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateAug. 3, 2020July 1, 20212020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2Health care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolationPrimary source readPDF 270 KB
Ex. MI-043Executive Order 2020-175Safeguards to protect Michigan's workers from COVID-19Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateSept. 3, 2020Sept. 25, 20202020 Q3Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 613 KB
Ex. MI-044Executive Order 2020-176Amended Safe Start Order (gyms and pools reopen September 9)Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateSept. 4, 2020Oct. 2, 20202020 Q32020 Q4Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 463 KB
Ex. MI-046Executive Order 2020-184Safeguards to protect Michigan's workers from COVID-19Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateSept. 25, 2020Oct. 2, 20202020 Q32020 Q4Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 342 KB
Ex. MI-048Executive Order 2020-186Declaration of state of emergency and state of disaster related to the COVID-19 pandemicGovernor Gretchen WhitmerStateSept. 30, 2020Oct. 27, 20202020 Q32020 Q4Emergency declarationPrimary source readPDF 413 KB
Ex. MI-049In re Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v. Governor), No. 161492, 506 Mich. 332 (2020)Opinion holding that the Governor lacked authority under the Emergency Management Act after April 30, 2020 and…Michigan Supreme CourtCourtOct. 2, 2020Dec. 31, 20202020 Q4OtherPrimary source readPDF 563 KB
Ex. MI-047Executive Order 2020-185Amendments to the Provision of preK-12 education for the 2020-2021 school year order (EO 2020-142): classroom…Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateOct. 5, 2020not datedFace-covering requirementSchools and child carePrimary source readPDF 369 KB
Ex. MI-050MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gathering Prohibition and Face Covering OrderEmergency Order re-imposing statewide gathering limits, face coverings, venue capacity and bar rules after the…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 5, 2020Oct. 9, 20202020 Q4Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 265 KB
Ex. MI-051MDHHS Emergency Order: Requirements for Residential Care FacilitiesEpidemic order on residential care facilities (visitation limits, testing, PPE, isolation and reporting)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 6, 2020Dec. 8, 20202020 Q4Health care ordersQuarantine and isolationOtherPrimary source readPDF 275 KB
Ex. MI-045Executive Order 2020-183Amended Safe Start Order (theaters, cinemas and venues to reopen October 9 at 20 percent)Governor Gretchen WhitmerStateOct. 9, 2020not datedTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 433 KB
Ex. MI-052MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gathering Prohibition and Mask OrderGathering Prohibition and Mask Order of October 9, 2020Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 9, 2020Oct. 29, 20202020 Q4Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-053Order of October 12, 2020 in In re Certified Questions, No. 161492Order denying the Governor's motion for a transition period and confirming the immediate effect of the October…Michigan Supreme CourtCourtOct. 12, 2020Dec. 31, 20202020 Q4OtherConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-054MIOSHA Emergency Rules: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)MIOSHA COVID-19 Emergency Rules of October 14, 2020Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA), Department of Labor and Economic OpportunitySector regulatorOct. 14, 2020Apr. 14, 20212020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2Telework mandateFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 886 KB
Ex. MI-055MDHHS Emergency Order: Requirements for Residential Care Facilities (visitation)Residential care facilities visitation order of October 21, 2020 (with special-cases grid)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 21, 2020Dec. 8, 20202020 Q4Health care ordersOtherConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 112 KB
Ex. MI-0562020 PA 236COVID-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance ActMichigan Legislature (2020 PA 236, approved by the Governor)StateOct. 22, 2020Sept. 30, 20212020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Workplace rulesOtherPrimary source readPDF 127 KB
Ex. MI-0572020 PA 238COVID-19 Employment Rights ActMichigan Legislature (2020 PA 238, approved by the Governor)StateOct. 22, 2020Sept. 30, 20212020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolationOtherPrimary source readPDF 133 KB
Ex. MI-058MDHHS Emergency Order: Testing requirements for long-term care facilitiesLong-term care facility staff and resident testing order of October 28, 2020Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 28, 2020May 5, 20212020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2Health care ordersQuarantine and isolationConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-059MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of October 29, 2020Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateOct. 29, 2020Nov. 18, 20202020 Q4Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 284 KB
Ex. MI-060MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order ('Pause to Save Lives')Gatherings and Face Mask Order of November 15, 2020 (three-week pause)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateNov. 18, 2020Dec. 8, 20202020 Q4Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 312 KB
Ex. MI-061MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of December 7, 2020 (twelve-day extension of the pause)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateDec. 9, 2020Dec. 20, 20202020 Q4Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 317 KB
Ex. MI-062MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of December 18, 2020 (pause extended to January 15, 2021; entertainment venues…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateDec. 21, 2020Jan. 15, 20212020 Q42021 Q1Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 319 KB
Ex. MI-063MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of January 13, 2021 (indoor group exercise and non-contact sports resume…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)StateJan. 16, 2021Jan. 31, 20212021 Q1Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesWorkplace rulesPrimary source readPDF 328 KB
Ex. MI-064MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of January 22, 2021 (indoor dining resumes February 1 at 25 percent, 100-person…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateFeb. 1, 2021Feb. 21, 20212021 Q1Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 308 KB
Ex. MI-065MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of February 4, 2021 (clarifying gathering rules; in effect through March 29…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateFeb. 8, 2021Mar. 29, 20212021 Q1Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourceSource
Ex. MI-066MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of March 2, 2021 (indoor dining to 50 percent and 100 persons, 11 pm close…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMar. 5, 2021Apr. 19, 20212021 Q12021 Q2Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 216 KB
Ex. MI-067MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order (amendment of March 19, 2021)Gatherings and Face Mask Order of March 19, 2021 (sports testing and mask amendments)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMar. 22, 2021Apr. 19, 20212021 Q12021 Q2Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 221 KB
Ex. MI-068MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of April 16, 2021 (regime continued through May 24, 2021)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateApr. 19, 2021May 24, 20212021 Q2Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 222 KB
Ex. MI-070MDHHS Emergency Order: Testing requirements for residential care facilitiesResidential care facility testing order of May 5, 2021Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMay 5, 2021Oct. 12, 20212021 Q22021 Q3Health care ordersQuarantine and isolationConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 173 KB
Ex. MI-069MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of May 4, 2021 ('MI Vacc to Normal' step one)Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMay 6, 2021May 31, 20212021 Q2Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 190 KB
Ex. MI-071MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of May 14, 2021 (fully vaccinated persons exempt from masks; outdoor mask…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMay 15, 2021May 31, 20212021 Q2Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsEvents and venuesPrimary source readPDF 307 KB
Ex. MI-072MDHHS Emergency Order: Requirements for Residential Care FacilitiesResidential care facilities order of May 21, 2021 (visitation, testing, PPE, isolation and reporting…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateMay 21, 2021Nov. 13, 20212021 Q22021 Q3Health care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolationOtherPrimary source readPDF 194 KB
Ex. MI-074MIOSHA Emergency Rules: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as amended May 24, 2021Amended MIOSHA COVID-19 Emergency Rules of May 24, 2021 (remote-work requirement removed; sector rules…MIOSHA, Department of Labor and Economic OpportunitySector regulatorMay 24, 2021June 22, 20212021 Q2Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 325 KB
Ex. MI-073MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask OrderGatherings and Face Mask Order of May 24, 2021 (effective June 1: outdoor capacity limits lifted; indoor…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateJune 1, 2021July 1, 20212021 Q2Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementEvents and venuesConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 184 KB
Ex. MI-075MDHHS Emergency Order: Agricultural worker testing (re-issued)Agricultural and food-processing worker testing order of June 11, 2021Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateJune 11, 2021July 1, 20212021 Q22021 Q3Health care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolationConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 183 KB
Ex. MI-076MDHHS Rescission of Emergency Orders (June 17, 2021)Rescission of the Gatherings and Face Mask Order and related epidemic orders, effective June 22, 2021Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateJune 22, 2021June 30, 20212021 Q2OtherPrimary source readPDF 117 KB
Ex. MI-077MDHHS Emergency Order: Requirements for PrisonsPrison requirements order of June 25, 2021 (testing, masking, isolation and visitation rules for State…Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateJune 25, 2021Jan. 13, 20222021 Q22021 Q3Health care ordersQuarantine and isolationOtherConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 212 KB
Ex. MI-078MDHHS Rescission of the agricultural worker testing orderRescission of the agricultural and food-processing worker testing order, July 1, 2021Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Elizabeth Hertel)StateJuly 1, 2021Sept. 30, 20212021 Q3OtherConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 134 KB
Ex. MI-079Order amending Administrative Order No. 2020-17 (July 2, 2021)Amendment of AO 2020-17, Continuation of Alternative Procedures for Landlord/Tenant Cases (CERA stays…Michigan Supreme CourtCourtJuly 2, 2021July 26, 20212021 Q3Courts and public officesOtherPrimary source readPDF 63 KB
Ex. MI-080Michigan Supreme Court Administrative Orders (official compilation, current through July 2022), including the July 26, 2021 rescission of AOs 2020-1, 2020-6, 2020-9, 2020-14 and 2020-19Administrative Orders compilation with the entered/rescinded history of every COVID-19 administrative orderMichigan Supreme CourtCourtJuly 26, 2021Sept. 30, 20212021 Q3Courts and public officesPrimary source readPDF 8.9 MB
Ex. MI-081Ottawa County Health Department Order: COVID-19 Prevention in Schools (isolation and quarantine)Order requiring isolation of cases and quarantine of close contacts in educational settingsOttawa County Department of Public Health (Administrative Health Officer Lisa Stefanovsky)CountyAug. 6, 2021Sept. 30, 20212021 Q3Schools and child careQuarantine and isolationPrimary source readPDF 206 KB
Ex. MI-082Genesee County Health Department Emergency Order: Masking in educational settings (August 12, 2021), with the Emergency Orders Regarding Masks of September 2, 2021 and School Masking Order Update 1.2 of September 10, 2021Genesee County (Flint) school masking orders of August-September 2021Genesee County Health Department (Medical Health Officer Dr. Pamela Hackert)CountyAug. 12, 2021Sept. 30, 20212021 Q3Face-covering requirementSchools and child careConfirmed from a secondary sourcePDF 185 KB
Ex. MI-083Kalamazoo County Public Health Order: Face masks in educational settings (August 18, 2021)Kalamazoo County school mask order of August 18, 2021Kalamazoo County Health and Community Services Department (Health Officer James Rutherford)CountyAug. 18, 2021Oct. 1, 20212021 Q3Face-covering requirementSchools and child carePrimary source readPDF 213 KB
Ex. MI-084Ottawa County Health Department Order: COVID-19 Prevention through the Wearing of Face Masks in Educational SettingsOrder requiring face masks for pre-kindergarten through grade six and for all persons serving them, in…Ottawa County Department of Public Health (Administrative Health Officer)CountyAug. 20, 2021Sept. 30, 20212021 Q3Face-covering requirementSchools and child carePrimary source readPDF 179 KB
Ex. MI-085Public Health Order for Control of COVID-19 Pandemic: Order for Face Masks in Educational Settings within Berrien County, MichiganBerrien County universal masking order for pre-K through grade 12 (issued September 1, 2021; rescinded…Berrien County Health Department (Acting Health Officer)CountySept. 6, 2021Sept. 29, 20212021 Q3Face-covering requirementSchools and child carePrimary source readPDF 219 KB
Ex. MI-0862021 PA 87 (Enrolled Senate Bill 82), Article 6, Secs. 250 and 510Budget boilerplate barring the MDHHS director and local health officers from issuing or enforcing mask orders…Michigan Legislature (2021 PA 87, approved by the Governor with a signing statement)StateSept. 29, 2021Oct. 1, 20212021 Q3OtherPrimary source readPDF 4.4 MB

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Metros in Michigan

The metropolitan files whose counties and cities lie in Michigan. Each holds the local orders that ran alongside, and often ahead of, the State's. All forty metros →

DetroitDET · 58 instruments · 9 in force in 2021 Q3City of Detroit (Detroit Health Department emergency orders under MCL 333.2451 and 333.2453; Detroit City Council; Detroit Public Schools Community District), Wayne…