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The COVID Project

Eligibility report

Governmental Orders Record and Eligibility Analysis

North Carolina

2021 Q3

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. 203 instruments cited; 200 exhibit files held. Not legal advice.

The COVID Projectcovidproject.com/report?state=NC&quarters=2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1

1. About this report

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. Selection: State North Carolina and no metropolitan area (elsewhere in the State). Quarters: third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021). Options: the federal layer, agencies and boards, standing duties, group meetings and trade shows and the Service's fourteen sentences answered.

This report is a record of the governmental orders and related instruments that The COVID Project has retrieved, verified and indexed for the State, metropolitan area, industry and calendar quarters selected. Each instrument appears with its issuer, its number and title, its dates, the quarters in which it was in force, the functions of a business it reached, its operative words, its enforcement provision, a citation and an exhibit identifier. Every exhibit identifier resolves to the instrument's record at covidproject.com/library, and to the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit.

The report is assembled from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings, and it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It lists the instruments The COVID Project has verified and no others, so every count in it is a floor. It is not a filing, and it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit.

The report reproduces at covidproject.com/report?state=NC&quarters=2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1. Every exhibit identifier in it resolves at covidproject.com/library/ followed by the identifier, and the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit/ followed by the identifier.

Disclaimer

The COVID Project is a free public reference. This report is generated from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings that The COVID Project has retrieved and indexed; it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It is not legal, tax or accounting advice, it does not create any professional relationship, it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit or the amount of any credit, and it is not a count of every order that existed. The COVID Project sells nothing and represents no one. Errors in any record can be reported through covidproject.com/contact with the exhibit identifier, and corrections are recorded with their dates.

2. Summary of findings

For each quarter selected, this section states what was in force for this selection on the quarter's first and last days, in the words of the Library's own quarter-by-quarter record for the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators and the federal layer. Exhibit identifiers in parentheses name the instruments. The table that follows counts the instruments listed in section 5 by layer and quarter.

The federal layer of this report is the Library's two federal files: FED-A, the health, safety and transport layer, and FED-B, the commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, including the orders of the federal courts those files hold. The ecosystem clusters and the federal agency clusters are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal and are not part of this report's federal layer; a quarter page counts every federal-level instrument of the quarter across those clusters as well, so its figure is the larger of the two.

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

North Carolina, first day (July 1, 2021): State of Emergency (NC-001); EO 220 (NC-030) through July 30, 5:00 p.m.; EO 211 DHHS waivers and Secretarial Orders (NC-065); EO 217 transportation waivers; federal layer.

North Carolina, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): State of Emergency (NC-001); EO 224 as extended by EO 229 (NC-031, NC-058): standing orders (secs. 2.1-2.2), Cabinet-agency face coverings (sec. 4.2, from Aug. 2), vaccination or weekly testing (sec. 4.1, from Sept. 1); EO 230 (NC-066); EO 232 (NC-059); EO 234 (NC-060); S.L. 2021-130 sec. 10 (NC-032); Toolkit quarantine rules (NC-072); DHHS waiver chain (NC-065, then NC-061).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (July 1, 2021): July 1, 2021: national emergency (FED-001/002), nationwide Stafford emergency and all 51 major disasters (FED-006, FED-100 to FED-150), PHE (FED-015); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A and aviation successors (FED-051, FED-053 to FED-056); inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order and Technical Instructions (FED-031/032); Title 42 order of Oct. 13, 2020 (FED-037); CDC eviction moratorium to July 31 (FED-025); EO 13991, 13998, 13999 (FED-060 to FED-062); DHS transportation emergency (FED-057); DPA delegations and scarce-materials designation (FED-070 to FED-074); OSHA Healthcare ETS with compliance due July 6 and July 21 (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), NEP DIR 2021-01 (FED-082, to July 7); CMS-1744/5531/3401/9912/3414-IFC (FED-090 to FED-094), QSO-20-38-NH (FED-168), QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27, 2021 (FED-156), QSO-21-19-NH (FED-163), QSO-20-13, -18, -20, -29, -31, -35 (FED-096, FED-098, FED-099, FED-161, FED-165, FED-166); § 1135 blanket waivers (FED-160); PREP Act and § 564 declarations (FED-180 to FED-184); HHS telehealth enforcement discretion (FED-194); FEMA 100 percent cost-share memoranda (FED-007/008).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): Sept. 30, 2021: national emergency and Stafford declarations; PHE renewed July 20 (FED-016); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01B from Sept. 14 (FED-052) with aviation successors; inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 reassessment order of Aug. 2 (FED-038); EO 13991, 13998, 13999; EO 14042 and 14043 signed Sept. 9 (FED-063, FED-064; no private-contractor obligation before Oct. 15, 2021); DHS transportation emergency; DPA delegations; OSHA Healthcare ETS in full effect (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), revised NEP DIR 2021-03 from July 7 (FED-083), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan (FED-084); CMS rules FED-090 to FED-094, FED-160, FED-168, FED-156, FED-163; presidential memorandum of Aug. 17 (FED-009); telehealth discretion (FED-194). Not in force on this day: the CDC eviction moratorium (ended July 31; successor Aug. 3-26, FED-026), the FEMA PPE export rule (expired June 30), the FFCRA mandate (ended Dec. 31, 2020), the OSHA vaccination-or-testing ETS and CMS staff vaccination rule (issued Nov. 5, 2021), the CDC orders of Oct. 25, 2021.

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (July 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (FED-200, FED-201, FED-207, FED-208); DHS land-border notification of June 23, 2021 (non-essential travel prohibited; to July 21) (FED-232, FED-255); EO 13991, M-21-15 (other than occupancy) and M-21-25 reentry planning (FED-270, FED-271); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 (amended May 26) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (FED-297, FED-301); D.N.J. SO 20-13 (masks) and SO 21-04 as amended (FED-302, FED-306); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 (masks) (FED-285); finance: FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA foreclosure and eviction moratoria through July 31, 2021 (FED-354, FED-364, FED-378, FED-384); CARES Act § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-364, FED-378); interagency loan-modification statement and CARES § 4013 relief (FED-342); student-loan payment pause (FED-345); H.Res. 965 (FED-398).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (revoked only on Nov. 8, 2021) (FED-209); DHS land-border notification of Sept. 22, 2021 (to Oct. 21; non-essential travel still prohibited) (FED-235, FED-258); EO 13991 with the Task Force Model Safety Principles of July 29, 2021 (masks regardless of vaccination status in substantial/high-transmission areas; vaccination attestation; visitor vaccination-status disclosure; agency-head approval for events over 50) (FED-272), the Certification of Vaccination form (FED-278), the Sept. 13 update (FED-273), EO 14042 and EO 14043 (Sept. 9) (FED-A), the contractor guidance (Sept. 24) and OMB determination (Sept. 28) (FED-274, FED-275); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. Third Amended face-covering order (July 30), Amended GO 21-0006 (Sept. 15, effective Sept. 20: vaccination or testing for courtroom presence), GO 21-0033 (Sept. 20: employee and contractor vaccination) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (video criminal proceedings to Oct. 4) (FED-299, FED-298, FED-300, FED-301); D.N.J. Updated Amended SO 21-04 (Sept. 3: one jury selection per vicinage; universal masks; temperature screening) and SO 21-08 (Sept. 13: visitor vaccination or testing) with SO 20-13 masks (FED-307, FED-308, FED-302); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 entry exclusions (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 protocols and remote criminal proceedings (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 masks (until Oct. 1, 2021) (FED-285); finance: FHFA REO eviction moratorium, VA Circular 26-21-14 foreclosure-related eviction moratorium, HUD eviction moratorium and USDA eviction moratorium, all through Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-355, FED-379, FED-364, FED-385); CFPB Regulation X procedural safeguards from Aug. 31, 2021 (FED-344); HUD ML 2021-18 recovery loss-mitigation review (FED-365); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 and VA Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29) extending them (FED-364, FED-378, FED-380); CARES § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); student-loan payment pause (extended Aug. 6, 2021 to Jan. 31, 2022) (FED-345).

Instruments in the Library for this selection, by layer and quarter (an instrument in force in several quarters is counted in each; the total counts it once).

Layer2021 Q3Total
Federal layer167167
State of North Carolina1515
Agencies, boards and authorities11
Standing duties4444
All layers227227

3. The statute and the test

An employer is an eligible employer for a calendar quarter under the governmental-orders test if

the operation of the trade or business described in clause (i) is fully or partially suspended during the calendar quarter due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

CARES Act § 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 348; I.R.C. § 3134(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), 135 Stat. 4, 177

Congress enacted those words four times and never changed them. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of March 27, 2020 enacted the Suspension Clause at section 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 347-48, for wages paid after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2021 (§ 2301(m), 134 Stat. 351) (Ex. LAW-001). The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, Pub. L. 116-260, div. EE, §§ 206-207, 134 Stat. 1182, 3059-65 (Dec. 27, 2020), extended the credit to wages paid before July 1, 2021 and raised its rate to 70 percent; neither section touched the clause (Ex. LAW-002).

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, § 9651, 135 Stat. 4, 176 (Mar. 11, 2021), added section 3134 to the Internal Revenue Code, whose heading repeats the CARES Act title and whose Suspension Clause reappears word for word at 135 Stat. 177, for wages paid after June 30, 2021 (§ 3134(n), 135 Stat. 182) (Ex. LAW-003). The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, § 80604, 135 Stat. 429, 1341 (Nov. 15, 2021), ended the credit for calendar quarters beginning after September 30, 2021, and left the third quarter of 2021 in place (Ex. LAW-004).

The clause has seven elements, taken in the statute's order: orders; from an appropriate governmental authority; limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes); due to COVID-19; the operation of the trade or business fully or partially suspended; during the calendar quarter; and due to those orders. The words "essential," "comparable operations," "telework," "customers," "voluntary," "more than nominal," "10 percent," "directed at," "jurisdiction over the employer," "proximate," "independent" and "sufficient" appear in none of the four enactments. The credit runs by calendar quarter; the six quarters the clause governs are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021.

The partial-suspension test and how this report applies it

In this report the Internal Revenue Service is the "Service," the Government as a litigant is the "United States," Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, is the "Notice," and the statutory text above is the "Suspension Clause." Tri-State is Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States, No. 2:25-cv-0181-TOR, ECF No. 38 (E.D. Wash. May 28, 2026), the one federal decision construing the clause's words. Doc. 44 is the United States' opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment in Stenson Tamaddon, LLC v. IRS, No. 2:24-cv-01123-SPL (D. Ariz. Jan. 6, 2025), ECF No. 44; Doc. 49 is the summary-judgment order in that case of June 20, 2025; and the Br. for Appellees is the United States' brief in the appeal, No. 25-4217 (9th Cir. Jan. 30, 2026).

The statute controls, and the Notice does not. The United States has told two federal courts so: the Notice "is merely guidance" and "lacks the force of law" (Doc. 44 at 19); "the United States is not arguing that the IRS interpretation has the force of law or is entitled to deference" (Doc. 44 at 31 & n.8); "[w]hether Notice 2021-20 exists or not, the statute will control whether a refund is warranted" (Doc. 44 at 24). The court held that "the Notice carries no force of law and is entitled to no deference" (Doc. 49 at 27) and that the ten percent figure "is not an exclusionary cut-off point, but rather a safe harbor" (Doc. 49 at 26). In the Ninth Circuit the United States called the Notice "nonbinding guidance," its ten percent provision "a quintessential safe harbor," and wrote that "[t]here is no question of deference here" (Br. for Appellees at 26, 37-38, 58).

"Fully or partially suspended" means what the words say. On definitions both parties agreed, Tri-State held: "a 'partial suspension' is a temporary delay, interruption, or termination of a portion an employer's business. The language is plain" (Tri-State at 8-9). The court refused to read "more than nominal" as "significant": "the plain language and ordinary meaning of partial and nominal do not suggest either of those interpretations" (Tri-State at 10-11). The Notice's ten percent rules are "only administrative guidance"; "the IRS Notice provides a method for the test to be met not as a requirement to meet the test" (Tri-State at 15-16). "Due to" means "because of," which "[b]oth Plaintiff and Defendant agree" (Tri-State at 17), and "the Court recognizes that 'due to' requires 'but-for' causation" (Tri-State at 19). The argument that the virus rather than the order caused the changes fails: "[s]ick patients and employees alone did not require additional protocols" (Tri-State at 20-21).

This report applies the test in five steps, with the instruments the Library holds for your selection and no others. Step one, the order: the issuer, the instrument by number and title, its dates and its exhibit; the Service's own Q&A-10 treats "orders, proclamations, or decrees" as orders "without regard to the level of enforcement" (Notice 2021-20, Q&A-10, at 927-28). Step two, the function it reached: the part of the business the order governed, whether the customer-facing floor, the back of house, the office, the workforce, the supply chain or the customer base. Step three, the change it compelled: the operative words, quoted from the instrument, and the sanction behind them. Step four, the quarter: the days on which the instrument was in force, tested against its dates. Step five, the statute's answer: a function is a portion of the operation; a compelled change is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; but for the order no law required it; and on the definitions the United States agreed to, the operation was partially suspended during the quarter due to the order.

The statute does not ask whether the business was "essential" or stayed open: the Notice's own Q&A-17, Example 4, calls an open hospital under an elective-procedure order partially suspended (Q&A-17, at 930). It does not ask whether the business could telework: Q&A-15 finds a partial suspension wherever a workplace closure "causes the employer to suspend business operations for certain purposes, but not others" (Q&A-15, at 929). It does not ask whose customers were under orders: "a business may be suspended 'due to' a government order addressing a third party" (Br. for Appellees at 41). It does not ask whether a compelled measure was "voluntary": Q&A-14 reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order" (Q&A-14, at 929). And it does not ask for a percentage: "The 10 percent is not determinative ... Properly understood, it isn't an eligibility requirement" (Doc. 44 at 14). The Service's letters ask each of those questions. The statute asks one, and this report answers it, instrument by instrument.

How this report was assembled

The report is drawn from The COVID Project's Orders Library, which indexes the governmental orders that limited commerce, travel and group meetings in the United States from March 2020 through September 30, 2021. The Library is organized in layers, and the report walks them in order for your selection: the federal layer (proclamations, executive orders, agency orders and rules, and the federal courts' general orders); your State, from its first declaration to the instrument that ended its general restrictions; your metropolitan area's health officers, mayors and courts; the sector regulators of your industry (licensing boards, health departments, alcohol and gaming regulators, labor agencies and federal program rules); the clusters of authorities that are easy to overlook (ports, aviation, courts, motor-vehicle offices, tribal and territorial governments); the standing duties of your State and of the United States (communicable-disease, workplace-safety and liability-shield statutes); and the organizers' notices of the trade shows, conventions, seasons and tournaments your industry lost.

Every record carries one of two grades, and the report shows only these two. Primary source read means the compiler read the issuing authority's own text: the order as published, the register page, the codified rule, the court's docket entry. Confirmed from a secondary source means the instrument's existence, number, date and substance were established from an identifiable secondary source and the primary text was not read. Records graded unverified or not retrieved never appear. Every exhibit was retrieved from the issuing authority's site or from the Internet Archive's capture of it, kept only if its text contained a distinctive phrase of the instrument, hashed at retrieval and re-checked by a second reviewer.

Every instrument has one exhibit identifier, used everywhere on the site and in this report. A State instrument carries its two-letter State code and a serial number (Ex. TX-004 is Texas Executive Order GA-09 of March 22, 2020); a metropolitan instrument carries MET and the metro code; a federal instrument carries FED; a sector regulator's instrument carries SEC and the industry number, and an organizer's notice adds GM; an overlooked authority carries AGY and its cluster; a standing duty carries DUT and the State code, or DUT-FED (Ex. DUT-FED-001 is the general duty clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act); a legal authority carries LAW.

The dates decide the quarters. An instrument is in force in a quarter only if its effective date fell on or before the quarter's last day and its end date, if any, fell on or after the quarter's first day. The six quarters are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021. Because the CARES Act applies to wages paid after March 12, 2020, and the Service's Form 941-X instructions place the credit for wages paid March 13 through March 31, 2020 on the second-quarter return, the orders of March 13 through 31, 2020, the first stay-at-home and closure orders in the country, appear in the record of the second quarter of 2020.

4. The orders, quarter by quarter

For each quarter selected, the instruments in force appear by layer: the federal layer (the Library's FED-A and FED-B files, including the federal court orders they hold), the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators, and the agencies, boards and authorities whose orders resolve to the State. Within a layer the instruments that carry the industry's key limitation types come first, then the rest in date order. An instrument in force across several quarters is described in full where it first appears and listed in compact form in each later quarter. Every item carries its citation and its exhibit identifier.

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-290
Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)

Supreme Court Building closed to the public until further notice

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates
In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached
CT; CS Washington tourism and visitor commerce
Grade
Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Enforcement: Supreme Court Police

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)

Ex. FED-398
H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus

H.Res. 965 (116th Congress) - Remote Voting by Proxy and Remote Committee Proceedings

U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), United States House of Representatives (Federal)

Dates
In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Gathering capOther
Functions reached
EV Capitol Hill commerce (the Capitol complex was closed to public tours from Mar. 12, 2020 through 2021); CS lobbying, government relations and hospitality in Washington
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF REMOTE VOTING BY PROXY DURING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY DUE TO NOVEL CORONAVIRUS. (a) AUTHORIZATION.--Notwithstanding rule III, at any time after the Speaker or the Speaker's designee is notified by the Sergeant-at-Arms, in consultation with the Attending Physician, that a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus is in effect, the Speaker or the Speaker's designee, in consultation with the Minority Leader or the Minority Leader's designee, may designate a period (hereafter in this resolution referred to as a ''covered period'') during which a Member who is designated by another Member as a proxy... SEC. 3. PROCESS FOR VOTING DURING COVERED PERIODS. (a) RECORDED VOTES ORDERED.-- (1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding clause 6 of rule I, during a covered period, the yeas and nays shall be considered as ordered on any vote on which a recorded vote or the yeas…

Enforcement: House rule

Citation: U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-031
CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order

Framework for Conditional Sailing and Initial Phase COVID-19 Testing Requirements for Protection of Crew, 85 Fed. Reg. 70153 (Nov. 4, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (cruise ships operating or intending to operate in U.S. waters) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Oct. 30, 2020 to Nov. 1, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Capacity limitTravel and quarantineEvents and venuesWorkplace rules
Functions reached
TV travel demand; GS group sales; CB passengers and port economies; SC; EVT (shipboard events, conventions at sea)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

This Order establishes a framework for a phased approach to resuming cruise ship passenger operations in U.S. waters. This phased approach will include: (1) Establishment of laboratory testing of crew onboard cruise ships in U.S. waters; (2) simulated voyages designed to test a cruise ship operators' ability to mitigate COVID-19 onboard cruise ships; (3) a certification process; and (4) a return to passenger voyages in a manner that mitigates the risk of COVID-19 introduction, transmission, or spread among passengers and crew onboard ships and ashore to communities.... This Order is effective upon signature and shall remain in effect until the earliest of... (3) November 1, 2021.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.18, 71.2; Coast Guard

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-060
Executive Order 13991

Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing, 86 Fed. Reg. 7045 (Jan. 25, 2021)

President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., United States (federal buildings and lands; federal employees and on-site contractors) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Jan. 20, 2021 to May 9, 2023
Quarters
2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Gathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Functions reached
CS client meetings at federal sites (professional services); JS federal construction sites; DL/SV field service at federal facilities; CT federal courthouses and agency offices (masking and distancing conditions on entry); MK federally hosted meetings
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Sec. 2. Immediate Action Regarding Federal Employees, Contractors, Buildings, and Lands. (a) The heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall immediately take action, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to require compliance with CDC guidelines with respect to wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, and other public health measures by: on-duty or on-site Federal employees; on-site Federal contractors; and all persons in Federal buildings or on Federal lands.

Enforcement: Agency directives; contract terms; building-access conditions; created the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (§ 4) whose July and September 2021 rules are FED-B's

Citation: President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-156
QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3)

QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (REVISED 04/27/2021)

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Apr. 27, 2021 to Nov. 12, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Gathering capFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached
VS visitation and access (home-care-senior-living; hospice; clergy CR; families); IC screening and masking of every entrant regardless of vaccination; DN communal dining and activities (conducted under the core principles); HR/WF and vendor access (staffing PL; personal services SL in-facility salons; physician CL on-site visits); RS cohorting and quarantine
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Core Principles of COVID-19 Infection Prevention: Screening of all who enter the facility for signs and symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., temperature checks, questions about and observations of signs or symptoms), and denial of entry of those with signs or symptoms or those who have had close contact with someone with COVID-19 infection in the prior 14 days (regardless of the visitor's vaccination status)... Face covering or mask (covering mouth and nose) and social distancing at least six feet between persons, in accordance with CDC guidance... Resident and staff testing conducted as required at 42 CFR § 483.80(h) (see QSO-20-38-NH Revised). These core principles are consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance for nursing homes, and should be adhered to at all times.... Facilities should allow indoor visitation at all times and for all residents (regardless…

Enforcement: Survey enforcement under F563 (visitation) and F880 (infection control); civil money penalties

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-032
Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual

Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual, 86 Fed. Reg. 24865 (May 10, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from May 5, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Capacity limitTravel and quarantineWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached
TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

[notice of the technical instructions implementing the CSO's phases: port agreements, simulated voyages, COVID-19 Conditional Sailing Certificates, testing and vaccination thresholds for restricted revenue voyages]

Enforcement: as for FED-031

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-080
Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)

Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (every setting 'where any employee provides healthcare services or healthcare support services'; federal OSHA States directly, State-plan States through adoption within 30 days) (Federal)

Dates
In force from June 21, 2021 to Dec. 27, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Capacity limitFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached
IC infection control (hospitals, physician practices, dental, home care); ED/CL intake and waiting rooms (entry limits, screening, triage); SX/PR procedures (aerosol-generating procedure rules, § 1910.502(g)); VS visitation and access (non-employee screening); HR/WF (daily employee screening; medical removal; paid vaccination leave); OF administration (written plan, safety coordinator, recordkeeping); SC PPE (respirators for exposure to suspected or confirmed COVID-19)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

§ 1910.502(a)(1): 'Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, this section applies to all settings where any employee provides healthcare services or healthcare support services.' (a)(2): 'This section does not apply to the following: (i) The provision of first aid by an employee who is not a licensed healthcare provider; (ii) The dispensing of prescriptions by pharmacists in retail settings; (iii) Non-hospital ambulatory care settings where all non-employees are screened prior to entry and people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are not permitted to enter those settings; (iv) Well-defined hospital ambulatory care settings where all employees are fully vaccinated and all non-employees are screened prior to entry and people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are not permitted to enter those settings; (v) Home healthcare settings where all employees are fully vaccinated and all…

Enforcement: Citations and civil penalties under OSH Act §§ 9, 17 (29 U.S.C. §§ 658, 666); inspection procedures DIR 2021-02 (FED-081); § 11(c) and § 1910.502(o) anti-retaliation

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-272
COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks

COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (Issued July 29, 2021)

Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, United States (all federal buildings and federal lands; federally hosted meetings) (Federal)

Dates
In force from July 29, 2021 to Sept. 13, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Gathering capFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached
CS vendor, contractor and visitor entry to every federal building conditioned on vaccination status or testing from July 29, 2021; MK federally hosted meetings, conferences and events over 50 participants restricted; TR federal official travel for the unvaccinated limited to mission-critical trips; OF masks in federal buildings in areas of substantial or high transmission regardless of vaccination status (which by August 2021 was nearly the whole country)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
47

Federal agencies need to ask about the vaccination status of Federal employees and onsite contractors -- employees and onsite contractors must sign an attestation confirming their vaccination status, or they will be treated as not fully vaccinated for purposes of safety protocols.... Visitors must provide information on their vaccination status and comply with the requisite safety protocols.... [for employees and contractors] who are not fully vaccinated or who decline to provide information about their vaccination status, official domestic travel should be limited to only necessary mission-critical trips.... Should an agency intend to host an in-person meeting, conference, or event that will be attended by more than 50 participants -- regardless of whether participants include members of the public -- the agency must first seek the approval of its agency head, in consultation with the…

Enforcement: EO 13991 § 2; agency safety plans; attestation under penalty of administrative action (Certification of Vaccination form, Ex. FED-278)

Citation: Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks (Ex. FED-272) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-307
Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (Updated Amended, Sept. 3, 2021)

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates
In force from Sept. 3, 2021 to Dec. 29, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Capacity limitFace-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached
CT jury selections capped at one per vicinage; masks for all entrants regardless of vaccination status; temperature screening (Sept. 2021); CS
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
28 (in force on the last day)

[WHEREAS the Delta] and other variants, and on July 27, 2021, the CDC recommended that all persons, including those fully vaccinated against COVID-19, wear a mask in public indoor settings, in areas of [substantial or high transmission]... [the Court has required] full vaccination of its employees, while continuing its protocols of temperature screening and hand sanitizing by all entrants to the District's courthouses, and mask wearing in all public areas of Court facilities by entrants and occupants thereof, regardless of vaccination status;... 1. No more than one jury selection, either civil or criminal, shall occur in each vicinage of this Court at one time... 2. Multiple, simultaneous jury trials may be conducted in each of this Court's vicinages, but the number of simultaneous criminal jury trials involving detainees in each [vicinage is limited]... DATED: September 3, 2021

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-008
Memorandum of February 2, 2021

Maximizing Assistance From the Federal Emergency Management Agency To Respond to COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 8281 (Feb. 5, 2021)

President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)
Quarters
2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
48 (in force on the first day)

FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B, pursuant to sections 403 (42 U.S.C. 5170b), 502 (42 U.S.C. 5192), and 503 (42 U.S.C. 5193) of the Stafford Act... performed from January 21, 2021, through September 30, 2021. (b) FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B... performed from January 20, 2020, through January 20, 2021.

Enforcement: Funding directive

Citation: President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-010
Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists

Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the CDC orders (each states it runs until the PHE ends), the § 1135 waivers, the CMS interim final rules and the OSHA ETS findings
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

As a result of confirmed cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), on this date and after consultation with public health officials as necessary, I, Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to the authority vested in me under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, do hereby determine that a public health emergency exists and has existed since January 27, 2020, nationwide.

Enforcement: Predicate; the enabled instruments carry their own enforcement

Citation: Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-200
Proclamation 9984

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Other Appropriate Measures To Address This Risk, 85 Fed. Reg. 6709 (Feb. 5, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantine
Functions reached
TV inbound travel from China (business visitors, buyers, engineers); SC supplier engineering and quality visits; MK inbound trade-show attendance; CB foreign customer base
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on February 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3: implemented by the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security; an alien who circumvents the proclamation is a priority for removal (sec. 3(c)); carriers barred from boarding covered aliens under DHS implementing measures

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-180
Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)

Declaration Under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached
context: the federal legal framework under which pharmacies, employers' clinics, and later dental and other practitioners administered tests and vaccines
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) to issue a Declaration to provide liability immunity to certain individuals and entities (Covered Persons) against any claim of loss caused by, arising out of, relating to, or resulting from the manufacture, distribution, administration, or use of medical countermeasures (Covered Countermeasures), except for claims involving 'willful misconduct' as defined in the PREP Act.... DATES: The Declaration was effective as of February 4, 2020.

Enforcement: Liability immunity; amended nine times through 2021 (85 Fed. Reg. 21012; 35100; 52136; 79190; 86 Fed. Reg. 7872; 9516; 14462; 41977; 51160)

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-181
Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV

Determination of Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 7316 (Feb. 7, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached
context: the earliest federal emergency determination (Feb. 4, 2020); the legal basis of every COVID-19 test EUA
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

On February 4, 2020, the Secretary determined pursuant to his authority under section 564 of the FD&C Act that there is a public health emergency that has a significant potential to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad and that involves a novel (new) coronavirus (nCoV) first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in 2019 (2019-nCoV). On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for detection and/or diagnosis of this novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act

Enforcement: Framework for FDA emergency use authorizations

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-001
Proclamation 9994

Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak, 85 Fed. Reg. 15337 (Mar. 18, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for every federal health-care instrument (FED-090 to FED-099, FED-160)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

do hereby find and proclaim that the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States constitutes a national emergency, beginning March 1, 2020. Pursuant to this declaration, I direct as follows: Section 1. Emergency Authority. The Secretary of HHS may exercise the authority under section 1135 of the SSA to temporarily waive or modify certain requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs and of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule throughout the duration of the public health emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Enforcement: Predicate only; operates through the instruments it enables (§ 1135 waivers; CMS interim final rules; Stafford Act assistance)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-160
COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)

COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP providers) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersOther
Functions reached
TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health); IP surge capacity and 'hospitals without walls' (hospitals); HC/SN home health assessments and supervision (home care); OF credentialing and administration (HR); CB payers
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

CMS is empowered to take proactive steps through 1135 waivers as well as, where applicable, authority granted under section 1812(f) of the Social Security Act (the Act) and rapidly expand the Administration's aggressive efforts against COVID-19. As a result, the following blanket waivers are in effect, with a retroactive effective date of March 1, 2020 through the end of the emergency declaration.... Home Health Agencies (HHAs): Initial Assessments. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.55(a) to allow HHAs to perform Medicare-covered initial assessments and determine patients' homebound status remotely or by record review. Waive Onsite Visits for HHA Aide Supervision. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.80(h), which require a nurse to conduct an onsite visit every two weeks.

Enforcement: Modifies otherwise mandatory conditions of participation; survey and certification

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-182
Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices

Emergency Use Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 13907 (Mar. 10, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationSupply chain
Functions reached
context for SC (respirator supply) in every health care and industrial sector
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of personal respiratory protective devices during the COVID-19 outbreak, pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under that section. DATES: The determination was effective February 4, 2020, and this declaration is effective March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Framework for the NIOSH-respirator, imported-respirator and decontamination EUAs

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-201
Proclamation 9992

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Islamic Republic of Iran), 85 Fed. Reg. 12855 (Mar. 4, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantine
Functions reached
TV inbound travel; CB foreign customer base
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the Islamic Republic of Iran during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS; removal priority for circumvention

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-096
CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)

QSO-20-13-Hospitals

CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare-participating hospitals) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care orders
Functions reached
ED intake and screening; VS visitation; IC infection control; IP placement and discharge
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Hospital Guidance and Actions - CMS regulations and guidance support hospitals taking appropriate action to address potential and confirmed COVID cases and mitigate transmission including screening, discharge and transfers from the hospital, and visitation.... Hospitals should identify visitors and patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the healthcare facility.

Enforcement: Hospital CoP survey and enforcement (42 C.F.R. § 482.42)

Citation: CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-098
QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)

QSO-20-18-HHA

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid home health agencies) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care orders
Functions reached
HC in-home visits (pre-visit screening); IC infection control; HR/WF staff monitoring
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

This memorandum responds to questions we have received and provides important guidance for all Medicare and Medicaid participating Home Health Agencies (HHAs) in addressing the COVID-19 outbreak and minimizing transmission to other individuals.... HHAs should be monitoring the health status of everyone (patients/residents/visitors/staff/etc.) in the homecare setting for signs or symptoms of COVID-19.... When making a home visit, HHAs should identify patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the home.

Enforcement: HHA CoP survey and certification (42 C.F.R. § 484.70)

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-006
Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020)

Letter from President Donald J. Trump on Emergency Determination under the Stafford Act

President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), United States (every State, Tribe, territory and the District of Columbia) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for every State's FEMA Public Assistance Category B measures (the funding behind State and local emergency operations)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Therefore, as an initial step, I hereby determine, under section 501(b) of the Stafford Act, that an emergency exists nationwide. In accordance with this determination, the Federal Emergency Management Agency may provide, as appropriate, assistance pursuant to section 502 and 503 of the Stafford Act for emergency protective measures not authorized under other Federal statutes.

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-311
Standing Order 2020-04

In re: COVID-19 Pandemic Procedures

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Court)

Dates
In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Courts and public offices
Functions reached
CT
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

WHEREAS, normal court operations and procedures may necessarily need to be amended or suspended on a temporary basis given the exigent circumstances created by the COVID-19 event, the Court finds it necessary to establish a miscellaneous case, In re COVID-19 [Pandemic Procedures, in which all COVID-19 orders are docketed]... ORDERED that these temporary orders shall be rescinded by order of the Chief Judge when circumstances warrant.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-194
Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency

Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 22024 (Apr. 21, 2020)

HHS Office for Civil Rights, United States (HIPAA covered health care providers) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersOther
Functions reached
TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health, dental consultations ('dental consultation or psychological evaluation' named in the notice)); CL clinical intake moved remote; OF
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

As a matter of enforcement discretion, the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) will not impose penalties for noncompliance with the regulatory requirements under the HIPAA rules against covered health care providers in connection with the good faith provision of telehealth during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency.... A covered health care provider that wants to use audio or video communication technology to provide telehealth to patients during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency can use any non-public facing remote communication product that is available to communicate with patients.... This exercise of discretion applies to telehealth provided for any reason, regardless of whether the telehealth service is related to the diagnosis and treatment of health conditions related to COVID-19.

Enforcement: Non-enforcement of HIPAA penalties for good-faith telehealth

Citation: HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-070
Executive Order 13909

Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 16227 (Mar. 23, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (all health and medical resources needed to respond to COVID-19) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Supply chain
Functions reached
SC supply of PPE, respirators, ventilators and testing supplies to every industry (dental, physician practices, hospitals, home care, manufacturing, construction, personal services); DS distribution of medical products (wholesale-distribution); PF production floors of medical manufacturers under rated orders
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Accordingly, I find that health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19, including personal protective equipment and ventilators, meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)).... Sec. 2. Priorities and Allocation of Medical Resources. (a)... the authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense... is delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to all health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19 within the United States. (b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may use the authority…

Enforcement: DPA § 101 priority ratings and allocation orders; DPA § 103 (50 U.S.C. § 4513) criminal penalties for willful violation

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-292
Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)

Order extending the deadline to file petitions for writs of certiorari to 150 days and relaxing extension and distribution rules in light of COVID-19

Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates
In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Courts and public offices
Functions reached
CT federal litigation timetables lengthened nationwide; CS law firms, appellate practice
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
19 (in force on the first day)

In light of the ongoing public health concerns relating to COVID-19, the following shall apply to cases prior to a ruling on a petition for a writ of certiorari: IT IS ORDERED that the deadline to file any petition for a writ of certiorari due on or after the date of this order is extended to 150 days from the date of the lower court judgment, order denying discretionary review, or order denying a timely petition for rehearing.... These modifications will remain in effect until further order of the Court.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-034
CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')

Notice of Order Under Sections 362 and 365 of the Public Health Service Act Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists, 85 Fed. Reg. 17060 (Mar. 26, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), United States land borders with Canada and Mexico (ports of entry and Border Patrol stations) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantine
Functions reached
TR/TRAV cross-border movement of persons at the land borders (with the DHS land-border notices, FED-B); WF border-region labor markets; CB border-community commerce
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

For simplicity, I shall refer to the persons covered by this order as 'covered aliens.' I suspend the introduction of all covered aliens into the United States for a period of 30 days, starting from the date of this order. I may extend this order if necessary to protect the public health.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; implemented by DHS/CBP expulsions

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-132
FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)

New York; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20702 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (New York) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [New York] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [New York].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-104
FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)

California; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20703 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (California) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [California] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [California].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-147
FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Washington; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20704 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Washington) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Washington] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Washington].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-071
Executive Order 13910

Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 17001 (Mar. 26, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Supply chain
Functions reached
SC PPE procurement and inventory of every employer; RT retail of designated materials; DS wholesale distribution
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Sec. 2. Delegation of Authority to Prevent Hoarding. (a) The Secretary is delegated the following: (i) the authority of the President conferred by section 102 of the Act to prevent hoarding of health and medical resources necessary to respond to the spread of COVID-19 within the United States, including the authority to prescribe conditions with respect to the accumulation of such resources, and to designate any material as a scarce material, or as a material the supply of which would be threatened by persons accumulating the material either in excess of reasonable demands of business, personal, or home consumption, or for the purpose of resale at prices in excess of prevailing market prices

Enforcement: DPA § 103 criminal penalties (50 U.S.C. § 4513); Department of Justice COVID-19 Hoarding and Price Gouging Task Force

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-099
CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-20-ALL, Prioritization of Survey Activities

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (all Medicare/Medicaid certified providers and suppliers; CLIA laboratories) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Functions reached
CT/HR licensure, certification and survey functions of every certified provider (initial certifications, changes of ownership and revisits delayed); IC (focused infection control surveys imposed)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

On Friday, March 13, 2020, the President declared a national emergency, which triggers the Secretary's ability to authorize waivers or modifications of certain requirements pursuant to section 1135 of the Social Security Act (the Act). [CMS suspends standard surveys and prioritizes survey activity to immediate jeopardy complaints, infection control surveys and other listed categories for a three-week period, then as extended.]

Enforcement: Governs State Survey Agency operations (federal survey and certification)

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-115
FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Iowa; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20704 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Iowa) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Iowa] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Iowa].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-118
FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Louisiana; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20701 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Louisiana) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Louisiana] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Louisiana].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-118) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-183
Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices

Emergency Use Authorization Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 17335 (Mar. 27, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationSupply chain
Functions reached
context for SC (ventilators, face shields, gowns, decontamination)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, HHS, requested that the FDA, HHS, issue an EUA for certain medical devices to allow the Department to take response measures based on information currently available about the virus that causes COVID-19. The determination of a public health emergency, and the declaration that circumstances exist justifying emergency use of certain medical devices by the Secretary of HHS, as described below, enable the FDA Commissioner to issue an EUA for these devices for emergency use under section 564 of the FD&C Act.

Enforcement: Framework

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-183) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-074
Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures

Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures, 85 Fed. Reg. 17592 (Mar. 30, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Supply chain
Functions reached
SC PPE for every industry (dental CH/ST/SC; physician SC; hospitals SC; home care SC; personal services SL; construction JS; manufacturing PF)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

The following materials are designated pursuant to section 102 of the Defense Production Act (50 U.S.C. 4512) and Executive Order 13910 of March 23, 2020 (Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19) as scarce materials or threatened materials: 1. N-95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators, including devices that are disposable half-face-piece nonpowered air-purifying particulate respirators intended for use to cover the nose and mouth of the wearer to help reduce wearer exposure to pathogenic biological airborne particulates 2. Other Filtering Facepiece Respirators (e.g., those designated as N99, N100, R95, R99, R100, or P95, P99, P100)... [and] elastomeric respirators, PAPRs, surgical masks, gloves, face shields, gowns, ventilators, sterilization services, disinfecting devices, medical gowns, sanitizing and disinfecting products

Enforcement: DPA § 103 criminal penalties; DOJ hoarding prosecutions

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-109
FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Florida; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20700 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Florida) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Florida] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Florida].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-109) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-130
FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic)

New Jersey; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20700 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (New Jersey) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [New Jersey] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [New Jersey].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-130) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-133
FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic)

North Carolina; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20701 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (North Carolina) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [North Carolina] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [North Carolina].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-133) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-143
FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Texas; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20699 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Texas) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Texas] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Texas].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-143) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-113
FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Illinois; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20703 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Illinois) (Federal)

Dates
In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Illinois] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Illinois].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. FED-113) Open the exhibit

127 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

State of North Carolina

Ex. NC-001
Executive Order No. 116

Declaration of a State of Emergency to Coordinate Response and Protective Actions to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2022
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declaration
Functions reached
predicate for all functions
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

DECLARATION OF A STATE OF EMERGENCY TO COORDINATE RESPONSE AND PROTECTIVE ACTIONS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19... N.C. Gen. Stat. 166A-19.10 and 166A-19.20 authorize the undersigned to declare a state of emergency and exercise the powers and duties set forth therein

Enforcement: Predicate for every later order; every later order recites that 'An Executive Order rescinding the Declaration of the State of Emergency will automatically rescind this Executive Order'

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 116 (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. NC-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-039
Executive Order No. 119

Facilitating Critical Motor Vehicle Operations and Delegating Authority to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to Waive Regulations in Order to Expand Access to Child Care and Support Local Health Departments

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantineSchools and child careCourts and public officesSupply chain
Functions reached
DR drivers and routes (hours of service); SC supply chain for medical supplies; EC child care regulation waivers; DM DMV offices
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Section 5. Maximum Hours of Service... DPS, in conjunction with the North Carolina Department of Transportation ('DOT'), shall waive the maximum hours of service for drivers prescribed by DPS pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-381, if the driver is transporting medical supplies and other equipment in support of the Plan... Section 6. Height and Weight Restrictions... DPS... shall waive certain size and weight restrictions... Section 1. Delegation of Authority... I hereby delegate my authority to waive a provision of any regulation or ordinance of a state agency which restricts the immediate relief of human suffering

Enforcement: State Highway Patrol enforces conditions (sec. 7(III)); waivers conditioned on documentation

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 119 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. NC-039) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-007
Executive Order No. 130

Meeting North Carolina's Health and Human Services Needs

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Apr. 8, 2020 to Aug. 8, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Schools and child careHealth care ordersWorkplace rules
Functions reached
IP surge capacity; HR credentialing and background checks; TM telehealth; HC in-home visits; EC child care for essential workers
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
39 (in force on the first day)

Section 1. Allowing Increases in Health Care Resources... the undersigned delegates to the Secretary of Health and Human Services authority to waive or modify [regulatory requirements to add beds and technology]; recitals: 'the Secretary of Health and Human Services requires authority to modify or waive enforcement of regulatory requirements to provide MH/DD/SAS services via telehealth'; 'in the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are substantial delays in obtaining these [criminal history] checks and screens'; 'certain regulations regarding in-home aides' initial assessments and supervisory visits would, in these circumstances, put assessors, supervisors, aides, and patients at risk'

Enforcement: Delegations to the Secretary of DHHS; Secretarial Orders issued under it (EO 215 sec. 3.3(b) refers to 'the Secretarial Orders issued under Executive Order Nos. 152, 165, 177, 193, 211')

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 130 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. NC-007) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-041
Executive Order No. 139

Meeting North Carolina's Health and Human Services Needs (public health, Medicaid, child care and licensing provisions)

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from May 12, 2020 to Jan. 5, 2022
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Schools and child careHealth care ordersWorkplace rules
Functions reached
HC licensing and accreditation; CB payers (Medicaid); EC child care
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Public Health... Accreditations otherwise set to expire during this State of Emergency [may be extended]... Medicaid eligibility application processing for initial applications and redeterminations [modified]... provisions of this Executive Order and Executive Order No. 130 expire under the same schedule

Enforcement: Delegations to the Secretary of DHHS

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 139 (May 12, 2020) (Ex. NC-041) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-073
NCDHHS Secretarial Orders on long-term care facility visitation and testing (including Secretarial Order No. 3, September 4, 2020)

Secretarial Orders governing visitation, testing and infection control at nursing homes and adult care homes (2020-2021)

Secretary of Health and Human Services Mandy Cohen, North Carolina (Sector regulator)

Dates
In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached
VS visitation; RS residential care admissions and testing; IC infection control; HR staff testing
Grade
Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

Husch Blackwell summary of Secretarial Order 3 (Sept. 4, 2020): authorized outdoor visitation at nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities meeting specific requirements (no current outbreak, testing plan, updated infection control plans, adequate PPE); EO 215 sec. 3.3(b): 'Additional requirements in health care settings can be found in Executive Order Nos. 130 and 139 and in the Secretarial Orders issued under Executive Order Nos. 152, 165, 177, 193, 211, and any subsequent extensions thereof.'

Enforcement: Licensure conditions; G.S. 130A

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services Mandy Cohen, NCDHHS Secretarial Orders on long-term care facility visitation and testing (including Secretarial Order No. 3, September 4, 2020) (Sept. 4, 2020) (Ex. NC-073)

Ex. NC-065
Executive Order No. 211

Extending Certain Health and Human Services Provisions in Previous Executive Orders and Delegations of Authority

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from May 10, 2021 to Aug. 8, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care orders
Functions reached
HC waivers; VS visitation (Secretarial Orders); HR credentialing
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
39 (in force on the first day)

[the provisions of Executive Order Nos. 130 and 139 previously extended by] Executive Order Nos. 144, 148, 152, 165, 177 and 193 [are extended]... This Executive Order is effective immediately. Except as set forth expressly above, this Executive Order shall remain in effect until August 8, 2021, unless rescinded or replaced with a superseding [Executive Order]

Enforcement: Delegations to the Secretary

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 211 (May 10, 2021) (Ex. NC-065) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-030
Executive Order No. 220

Extension of Executive Order No. 215 (face covering requirements in certain settings)

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from June 11, 2021 to July 30, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementTravel and quarantineSchools and child careHealth care ordersWorkplace rules
Functions reached
IN in-person instruction; EC child care; IC health care infection control; TR transportation; WF workforce
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
30 (in force on the first day)

[In public school units and non-public schools] covered by Article 39 of Chapter 115C of the General Statutes, Face Coverings must be worn [as the Toolkit requires]... In addition, Face Coverings are also required in the settings listed in Section 3... [transportation:] must wear Face Coverings indoors at all times, unless an exception applies... This Executive Order is effective June 11, 2021, at 5:00 pm. This Executive Order shall remain in effect through July 30, 2021, at 5:00 pm

Enforcement: Class 2 misdemeanor under 166A-19.30(d) and 14-288.20A

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 220 (June 11, 2021) (Ex. NC-030) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-071
S.L. 2021-47 (G.S. 7A-49.6)

An Act to Make Various Changes and Technical Corrections to the Laws Governing the Administration of Justice (proceedings by audio and video transmission)

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from June 18, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Courts and public offices
Functions reached
CT courts (remote proceedings)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
92 (the whole quarter)

7A-49.6. Proceedings conducted by audio and video transmission. [Courts may conduct] proceedings of all types using an audio and video transmission in which the parties, the presiding [official and other participants can see and hear each other]... (d) A party may object to conducting a civil proceeding by audio and video transmission.

Enforcement: Statute

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2021-47 (G.S. 7A-49.6) (June 18, 2021) (Ex. NC-071) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-031
Executive Order No. 224

Implementing Measures to Address COVID-19 and Related Variants

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from July 29, 2021 to Aug. 31, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementSchools and child careHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached
WF workforce (vaccination status; testing; masks); HR screening and onboarding; OF State offices; HC testing and vaccination standing orders; IN schools (universal masking recommended)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
34

4.1. Vaccination or Testing Required for Unvaccinated Workers at Cabinet Agencies... The OSHR policy shall be effective September 1, 2021... a. All workers must either: 1. Provide proof that they are Fully Vaccinated; or 2. Be tested at least once a week for COVID-19... 4.2. Face Covering Requirements at Cabinet Agencies. Effective Monday, August 2, 2021: a. If they are not Fully Vaccinated, workers must wear Face Coverings in any indoor space, within a state government office, building, or facility, that is... controlled by an agency that is either part of the Governor's Office or is headed by a member of the Governor's Cabinet... 2.4(a)... nothing herein... is intended to limit or prohibit counties and cities in North Carolina from enacting ordinances and issuing state of emergency declarations which impose greater restrictions or prohibitions

Enforcement: Sec. 8: enforced by State and local law enforcement under 166A-19.30(a)(2); 'A violation of this Executive Order may be subject to prosecution pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. [166A-19.30(d)]... Class 2 misdemeanor'

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 224 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. NC-031) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-072
StrongSchoolsNC Public Health Toolkit (K-12), Interim Guidance, published June 2020, updated July 21 and August 10, 2021

StrongSchoolsNC: Public Health Toolkit (K-12) Interim Guidance

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, North Carolina (Sector regulator)

Dates
In force from July 30, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Aug. 10, 2021)
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementSchools and child careQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached
IN in-person instruction; RL remote learning on quarantine; WF workforce (staff and parents); AC athletics and activities
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
63 (in force on the last day)

The StrongSchoolsNC Public Health Toolkit was updated on July 21 to align to the CDC Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention in K-12 Schools updated on July 9, 2021. To allow for operational transition time, [the requirements took effect July 30, 2021]... Added modified quarantine guidance for students after a close contact in which both people were wearing masks... Recommend that everyone wear a face covering outdoors [where distancing cannot be maintained]

Enforcement: Binding through EO 215/220 until July 30, 2021 (Class 2 misdemeanor); thereafter through local board policies and S.L. 2021-130 sec. 3 reporting of shifts to remote instruction due to exposures and quarantines

Citation: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, StrongSchoolsNC Public Health Toolkit (K-12), Interim Guidance, published June 2020, updated July 21 and August 10, 2021 (Aug. 10, 2021) (Ex. NC-072) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-032
S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10

An Act to Make Various Changes to Education Laws (Part X, Local Face Covering Policies)

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Aug. 30, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementSchools and child care
Functions reached
IN in-person instruction; WF workforce (school staff; parents); AD admissions and enrollment
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
32 (in force on the last day)

SECTION 10. For the 2021-2022 school year, all public school units shall adopt a policy regarding the use of face coverings by employees and students. The governing body of the public school unit shall vote at least once a month on whether the face covering policy should be modified.

Enforcement: Statutory mandate on governing bodies

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10 (Aug. 30, 2021) (Ex. NC-032) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-058
Executive Order No. 229

Extending Measures to Facilitate Vaccine Administration, COVID-19 Testing, and the Vaccine Verification Policy for Cabinet Agencies

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Aug. 31, 2021 to Nov. 29, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached
WF workforce (vaccination or testing); OF State offices; HC standing orders
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
31 (in force on the last day)

Section 1. Extension of Certain Provisions of Executive Order No. 224... Section 2. Continuation of Policies Established under Executive Order No. 224... Throughout the effective period of this Executive Order, Cabinet agencies are directed to [continue to implement the OSHR vaccine verification policy, which] updated on August 27, 2021, takes effect on September 1, 2021... This Executive Order is effective August 31, 2021 at 5:00 p.m. This Executive Order shall remain in effect for an additional ninety (90) days

Enforcement: as in EO 224 sec. 8

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 229 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. NC-058) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-066
Executive Order No. 230

Extending Transportation-Related Provisions in Previous Executive Orders

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Aug. 31, 2021 to Nov. 29, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantineSupply chain
Functions reached
DR drivers and routes; SC supply chain
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
31 (in force on the last day)

Section 1. Extensions [of the hours-of-service and size-and-weight waivers of Executive Order No. 119 as previously extended]... This Executive Order is effective immediately.

Enforcement: State Highway Patrol

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 230 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. NC-066) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-059
Executive Order No. 232

Directing the Issuance of a Statewide Standing Order to Expand Access to Monoclonal Antibody Treatment for COVID-19

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Sept. 2, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Health care orders
Functions reached
HC treatment protocols; PR clinical procedures
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
29 (in force on the last day)

Section 1. Statewide Standing Order for Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment and [Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19]... This Executive Order is effective immediately and shall remain in effect until November [2021]

Enforcement: Standing order of the State Health Director

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 232 (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. NC-059) Open the exhibit

Ex. NC-060
Executive Order No. 234

Providing Flexibility in Certain Health Assessments and Immunization Requirements Due to Impacts of the Pandemic

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates
In force from Sept. 24, 2021 to Nov. 1, 2021
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Schools and child care
Functions reached
AD admissions and enrollment; EC child care; WF workforce (parents)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
7 (in force on the last day)

[Days in this period shall not] count towards the thirty (30) calendar day grace period for submission of a [health assessment or immunization record]... will be reinstated on November 1, 2021, with a grace period until November 30, 2021 or thirty (30) calendar days from the child's first day of attendance, whichever [is later]

Enforcement: Waiver of statutory deadlines

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 234 (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. NC-060) Open the exhibit

Agencies, boards and authorities: North Carolina

Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081
DES press release, 'North Carolina Reinstates Certain Unemployment Benefits Requirements' (Sept. 2, 2021)

Executive Order No. 231 reinstates the waiting week and employer charging for weeks beginning after Sept. 4, 2021

North Carolina Division of Employment Security, North Carolina; Division of Employment Security, Department of Commerce (statewide) (Sector regulator)

Dates
In force from Sept. 4, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 2, 2021)
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Other
Functions reached
WF (the State's unemployment-benefit waivers of March 2020 ran into 2021 Q3); HR (employer account charging resumed Sept. 2021)
Grade
Primary source read
Days in this quarter
27 (in force on the last day)

Waiting week and employer charging to resume after Sept. 4, 2021... Executive Order No. 231 reinstates the waiting period for unemployment benefits under state law and directs the [Division to resume charging employers' accounts]... For weeks beginning after Sept 4, state unemployment benefits will [be subject to the one-week waiting period].

Enforcement: N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 96

Citation: North Carolina Division of Employment Security, DES press release, 'North Carolina Reinstates Certain Unemployment Benefits Requirements' (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081) Open the exhibit

End of general restrictions, State of North Carolina: Executive Order No. 215 (Ex. NC-029), re-issued by Executive Order No. 220 (Ex. NC-030) (2021-05-14 13:30 (EO 215); remaining EO 220 face covering settings expired 2021-07-30 17:00). What remained: State of Emergency (EO 116) to Aug. 15, 2022; face coverings in K-12 schools (StrongSchoolsNC Toolkit), health care settings (CDC infection control), public and private transportation, airports and stations, correctional facilities and homeless shelters, and child care under NCDHHS guidelines, through July 30, 2021 (EO 215 secs. 2-3; EO 220); DHHS waiver and Secretarial Order chain (EO 130/139 as extended by EO 211 to Aug. 8, 2021 and EO 236 to Jan. 5, 2022); transportation waivers (EO 217, EO 230); from July 29, 2021 EO 224 (standing orders; Cabinet-agency face coverings Aug. 2; vaccination or weekly testing Sept. 1) as extended by EO 229 and EO 238; S.L. 2021-130 sec. 10 school face covering policies from Aug. 30, 2021.

Preemption of local orders, State of North Carolina: None. EO 121 sec. 4(A): 'nothing herein is intended to limit or prohibit counties and cities in North Carolina from enacting ordinances and issuing state of emergency declarations which impose greater restrictions or prohibitions to the extent authorized under North Carolina law'; repeated in EO 215 sec. 5.3(a) and EO 224 sec. 2.4(a). Local orders could not restrict State or federal government operations (EO 121 sec. 4(B); EO 215 sec. 5.3(b); EO 224 sec. 2.4(b)). EO 153 sec. 3(B): local governments 'cannot set more permissive policies concerning the sale of alcoholic beverages.' G.S. 166A-19.30(c)(1) lets the Governor amend or rescind local prohibitions; no order did. S.L. 2021-130 sec. 10 (Aug. 30, 2021) required school boards to adopt a face covering policy and vote monthly; it did not bar local mask orders. No statute barred county or city mask orders through Sept. 30, 2021.

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force, State of North Carolina

In force during the third quarter of 2021 (an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it):

  • NC-001
  • NC-030 (to 2021-07-30 17:00)
  • NC-065 (to 2021-08-08; chain to NC-061)
  • EO 217 and NC-066 (transportation waivers)
  • NC-031 (from 2021-07-29; sec. 4.2 from 2021-08-02; sec. 4.1 from 2021-09-01)
  • NC-058
  • NC-059
  • NC-060
  • NC-032 (from 2021-08-30)
  • NC-072 (Toolkit quarantine and close-contact rules, 2021-22 year)
  • NC-073 (DHHS Secretarial Orders under the EO 211 chain; secondary)
  • federal layer: CDC conveyance mask order, TSA directives, OSHA Healthcare ETS

5. Standing duties in North Carolina

North Carolina bound its employers through four standing layers of law that predate March 2020 and ran through every claimable quarter, and the emergency orders themselves wrote the protocols in as conditions of operating. First, the communicable-disease law. G.S. 130A-144(f) commands that 'All persons shall comply with control measures... prescribed by the Commission,' and G.S. 130A-2(7) defines 'person' to include a corporation, company, association or partnership (Exs. DUT-NC-001, DUT-NC-002). The Commission for Public Health's rule 10A NCAC 41A.0201(a) makes the American Public Health Association's control measures 'the required control measures' and provides that 'Guidelines and recommended actions published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall supercede' them 'and are likewise incorporated by reference, including subsequent amendments and editions' (Ex. DUT-NC-007); for an outbreak designated by the State Health Director, the control measures 'shall be those which can reasonably be expected to decrease the risk of transmission' and, for airborne disease, 'shall require physical isolation for the duration of infectivity' (41A.0201(b)). Novel coronavirus infection became immediately reportable by emergency rule effective February 17, 2020 (Ex. DUT-NC-008), which engaged the local health director's duty to investigate and to give control measures (G.S. 130A-144(a), (e); G.S. 130A-41(b)(3), (4), (11), Ex. DUT-NC-010), the State and local quarantine and isolation authority of G.S. 130A-145, and the abatement powers of G.S. 130A-19 and 130A-20 over 'the owner, lessee, operator, or other person in control of the property.' Violation of the Chapter or the Commission's rules is a misdemeanor (G.S. 130A-25(a)), with a special sentence of up to two years for violating G.S. 130A-144(f) or 130A-145 (G.S. 130A-25(b)), and injunction lies under G.S. 130A-18. Second, the Emergency Management Act. G.S. 166A-19.30(c)(1) let the Governor 'impose by declaration prohibitions and restrictions' of the types listed in G.S. 166A-19.31(b), which include restrictions 'Of the operation of offices, business establishments, and other places to or from which people may travel or at which they may congregate' (Exs. DUT-NC-003, DUT-NC-012), and 'Any person who violates any provision of a declaration or executive order issued pursuant to this section shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor in accordance with G.S. 14-288.20A' (G.S. 166A-19.30(d); G.S. 14-288.20A(2), Ex. DUT-NC-004). Every order in the library recites that penalty (e.g., Exs. NC-005 § 6, NC-010 § 13, NC-011 § 15, NC-029 § 10, NC-031 § 8). The Supreme Court of North Carolina has described the Act as granting the Governor 'the ability to impose significant restrictions or prohibitions on otherwise permissible activity during states of emergency' and to restrict the operation of business establishments (Ex. DUT-NC-019), and the Ace Speedway litigation shows the machinery in use: an imminent-hazard abatement order under G.S. 130A-20 closing a business that hosted gatherings above the EO 141 limit, a June 11, 2020 temporary restraining order and a July 10, 2020 preliminary injunction enforcing it (Exs. DUT-NC-017, DUT-NC-018). Third, the workplace duty. North Carolina runs its own OSHA plan; G.S. 95-129(1) requires each employer to furnish 'a place of employment free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious injury or serious physical harm to his employees,' and G.S. 95-129(2) requires compliance with every adopted standard (Ex. DUT-NC-005); 13 NCAC 07F.0101 incorporates 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference and was 'Amended Eff. July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard' to adopt the federal COVID-19 Healthcare ETS verbatim, repealed effective March 4, 2022 (Exs. DUT-NC-009, DUT-NC-016). The Department of Labor identified the general duty clause and the PPE, respiratory-protection, sanitation, bloodborne-pathogen and hazard-communication standards as the standards applicable to occupational exposure to COVID-19 and adopted OSHA's Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for use in North Carolina, reading 'Section 5(a)(1) - General Duty Clause' as 'NCGS 95-129(1)' (Exs. DUT-NC-014, DUT-NC-015). Fourth, the liability shields. S.L. 2020-3 § 4.14 (G.S. 66-460, Ex. NC-034) gave essential businesses immunity from COVID-19 claims from March 27, 2020 unless the injury 'were caused by an act or omission... constituting gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or intentional infliction of harm,' and S.L. 2020-89 (G.S. 99E-71, Ex. DUT-NC-006) extended limited immunity to every person from July 2, 2020 while commanding that 'Every person shall provide, with respect to any premises... under the person's possession, custody, or control, reasonable notice of actions taken by the person for the purpose of reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to individuals present on the premises.' The legislature thereby presupposed that every occupier of premises was taking risk-reduction actions and made public notice of them a statutory duty. Fifth, the orders wrote the protocols in as conditions of operating: retail businesses 'must' limit occupancy, mark spacing, disinfect, screen workers daily and send symptomatic workers home (EO 138 § 3(B), Ex. NC-010); every establishment open to the public 'must follow' the Core Signage, Screening, and Sanitation Requirements (EO 141 § 1(2), Ex. NC-011, carried to EO 204 App. A, Ex. NC-027); retail businesses, restaurants and personal-care businesses 'must have all workers wear Face Coverings,' with citations 'written only to businesses or organizations that fail to enforce the requirement' (EO 147 §§ 3.5(B), (F), Ex. NC-013); child-care facilities and camps 'must follow all applicable NCDHHS guidelines' (EO 141 § 12, EO 215 §§ 3.1-3.2, Exs. NC-011, NC-029). Where the State chose a recommendation it said so ('are strongly encouraged to' in EO 138 § 3(D); 'encouraged to follow the Guidelines for Businesses published by NCDHHS' in the recitals of EO 163 and EO 169; 'strongly encouraged, at a minimum, to follow the measures in the NCDHHS guidance' in EO 224 § 3), and those recommendations are recorded here as recommendations; their legal force in North Carolina came from 41A.0201(a), which made CDC guidance the required control measure, from G.S. 95-129(1), and from the orders' own mandatory clauses.

The State's standing duties

Ex. DUT-NC-001

N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 6 (Communicable Diseases), Part 1, secs. 130A-133 to 130A-148, including sec. 130A-144 (Investigation and control measures) and sec. 130A-145 (Quarantine and isolation authority)

Communicable Diseases: reporting, investigation, control measures, quarantine and isolation authority

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolationStanding duty
Character
statutory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(f) All persons shall comply with control measures, including submission to examinations and tests, prescribed by the Commission subject to the limitations of G.S. 130A-148. (g) The Commission shall adopt rules that prescribe control measures for communicable diseases and conditions subject to the limitations of G.S. 130A-148.

Enforcement: Misdemeanor under G.S. 130A-25(a); violation of sec. 130A-144(f) or sec. 130A-145 carries a special sentence of imprisonment of up to two years under G.S. 130A-25(b); injunction under G.S. 130A-18 (Ex. DUT-NC-002)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 6 (Communicable Diseases), Part 1, secs. 130A-133 to 130A-148, including sec. 130A-144 (Investigation and control measures) and sec. 130A-145 (Quarantine and isolation authority) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-002

N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 1, secs. 130A-1 to 130A-27, including sec. 130A-2 (definitions of 'imminent hazard', 'isolation authority', 'person', 'quarantine authority'), sec. 130A-17 (right of entry), sec. 130A-18 (injunction), sec. 130A-19 (abatement of public health nuisance), sec. 130A-20 (abatement of an imminent hazard), sec. 130A-23 (suspension and revocation of permits) and sec. 130A-25 (misdemeanor)

Public Health: definitions, enforcement, nuisance and imminent-hazard abatement, permits, criminal penalty

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Business closureStanding dutyOperating condition
Character
sanitary code duty
Grade
Primary source read

If the Secretary or a local health director determines that an imminent hazard exists, the Secretary or a local health director may order the owner, lessee, operator, or other person in control of the property to abate the imminent hazard or may, after notice to or reasonable attempt to notify the owner... enter upon any property and take any action necessary to abate the imminent hazard.

Enforcement: Misdemeanor (sec. 130A-25(a)); imprisonment up to two years for violation of sec. 130A-144(f) or sec. 130A-145 (sec. 130A-25(b)); injunction (sec. 130A-18); lien for abatement costs (sec. 130A-20(a))

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 1, secs. 130A-1 to 130A-27, including sec. 130A-2 (definitions of 'imminent hazard', 'isolation authority', 'person', 'quarantine authority'), sec. 130A-17 (right of entry), sec. 130A-18 (injunction), sec. 130A-19 (abatement of public health nuisance), sec. 130A-20 (abatement of an imminent hazard), sec. 130A-23 (suspension and revocation of permits) and sec. 130A-25 (misdemeanor) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-002) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-003

N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.30 (Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency)

Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency: direction of law enforcement (a)(2); control of ingress, egress, movement and occupancy of premises and of congregation in public places (b)(1), (b)(3); prohibitions and restrictions by declaration (c)(1); Class 2 misdemeanor for violation (d)

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationStay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capStanding duty
Character
statutory authority
Grade
Primary source read

(c)(1) To impose by declaration prohibitions and restrictions in the emergency area... (d) Violation. - Any person who violates any provision of a declaration or executive order issued pursuant to this section shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor in accordance with G.S. 14-288.20A.

Enforcement: Class 2 misdemeanor, G.S. 166A-19.30(d) and G.S. 14-288.20A(2) (Ex. DUT-NC-004)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.30 (Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-003) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-004

N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 14-288.20A (Violation of emergency prohibitions and restrictions)

Violation of emergency prohibitions and restrictions: Class 2 misdemeanor

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Emergency declarationStanding duty
Character
order penalty
Grade
Primary source read

Any person who does any of the following is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor: (1) Violates any provision of an ordinance or a declaration enacted or declared pursuant to G.S. 166A-19.31. (2) Violates any provision of a declaration or executive order issued pursuant to G.S. 166A-19.30.

Enforcement: Class 2 misdemeanor (sentenced under G.S. 15A-1340.23: up to 60 days and a fine up to $1,000 for a prior-record level III offender; fine at the court's discretion for levels I and II)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 14-288.20A (Violation of emergency prohibitions and restrictions) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-004) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-005

N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 95, Article 16, secs. 95-126 to 95-160, including sec. 95-129 (Rights and duties of employers), sec. 95-131 (adoption of standards), sec. 95-138 (Civil penalties) and sec. 95-139 (Criminal penalties)

Occupational Safety and Health Act of North Carolina: the general duty clause and the duty to comply with adopted standards

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
workplace duty
Grade
Primary source read

(1) Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees conditions of employment and a place of employment free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious injury or serious physical harm to his employees; (2) Each employer shall comply with occupational safety and health standards or regulations promulgated pursuant to this Article.

Enforcement: Civil penalties for each willful, repeat, serious and other-than-serious violation and for each day of failure to abate, in amounts adjusted under sec. 95-138(a1); Class 2 misdemeanor with a fine up to $10,000 for a willful violation causing the death of an employee (sec. 95-139(a))

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 95, Article 16, secs. 95-126 to 95-160, including sec. 95-129 (Rights and duties of employers), sec. 95-131 (adoption of standards), sec. 95-138 (Civil penalties) and sec. 95-139 (Criminal penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-005) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-006

Session Law 2020-89 (House Bill 118), An Act to Provide Limited Immunity from Liability for Claims Based on Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), enacting G.S. secs. 99E-70 to 99E-72 (COVID-19 Limited Immunity)

COVID-19 Limited Immunity: no liability absent gross negligence, willful or wanton conduct or intentional wrongdoing; duty of every person in control of premises to give reasonable notice of the actions taken to reduce transmission risk

General Assembly of North Carolina (ratified June 24, 2020; approved by Governor Roy Cooper July 2, 2020), North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing (2020-07-02 (applies to claims arising on or after that date))
Quarters
2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding dutyOperating condition
Character
liability shield condition
Grade
Primary source read

(b) Every person shall provide, with respect to any premises owned by the person or under the person's possession, custody, or control, reasonable notice of actions taken by the person for the purpose of reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to individuals present on the premises.

Enforcement: None criminal; the sanction is the standard of civil liability: conduct amounting to gross negligence, willful or wanton conduct or intentional wrongdoing remains actionable, and the notice duty of subsec. (b) is enforceable only through the same standard

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina (ratified June 24, 2020; approved by Governor Roy Cooper July 2, 2020), Session Law 2020-89 (House Bill 118), An Act to Provide Limited Immunity from Liability for Claims Based on Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), enacting G.S. secs. 99E-70 to 99E-72 (COVID-19 Limited Immunity) (July 2, 2020) (Ex. DUT-NC-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-007

10A NCAC 41A.0201 (Control Measures - General)

Control measures for communicable diseases: APHA Control of Communicable Diseases Manual and CDC guidelines and recommended actions incorporated by reference as the required control measures; principles for outbreaks designated by the State Health Director

North Carolina Commission for Public Health (rule); administered by the Division of Public Health, NCDHHS, and local health directors, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolationStanding dutyOperating condition
Character
guidance incorporated
Grade
Primary source read

the recommendations and guidelines for... prevention of transmission for each disease and condition specified by the American Public Health Association... shall be the required control measures.... Guidelines and recommended actions published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall supercede those... and are likewise incorporated by reference, including subsequent amendments

Enforcement: Misdemeanor under G.S. 130A-25(a); imprisonment up to two years for violation of G.S. 130A-144(f) (G.S. 130A-25(b)); injunction under G.S. 130A-18 (Ex. DUT-NC-002)

Citation: North Carolina Commission for Public Health (rule); administered by the Division of Public Health, NCDHHS, and local health directors, 10A NCAC 41A.0201 (Control Measures - General) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-007) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-008

10A NCAC 41A.0101 (Reportable Diseases and Conditions), as amended by emergency rule effective February 17, 2020 (novel coronavirus infection), temporary rule effective April 24, 2020 and permanent rule effective July 1, 2020

Reportable diseases and conditions: novel coronavirus infection reportable immediately; novel coronavirus infection causing death reportable within 24 hours

North Carolina Commission for Public Health, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing (2020-02-17)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersQuarantine and isolationStanding duty
Character
statutory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(51) novel coronavirus infection causing death -- 24 hours; (52) novel coronavirus infection -- immediately.

Enforcement: Misdemeanor under G.S. 130A-25(a) for violation of the Chapter or the Commission's rules

Citation: North Carolina Commission for Public Health, 10A NCAC 41A.0101 (Reportable Diseases and Conditions), as amended by emergency rule effective February 17, 2020 (novel coronavirus infection), temporary rule effective April 24, 2020 and permanent rule effective July 1, 2020 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-009

13 NCAC 07F.0101 (General Industry), incorporating 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference; amended effective July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard (COVID-19 Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502-.509) and amended effective March 4, 2022 on the expiration of that standard

General industry standards: incorporation of 29 C.F.R. Part 1910; adoption of the COVID-19 Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard effective July 21, 2021

North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Commissioner of Labor), North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding duty
Character
covid workplace rule
Grade
Primary source read

The provisions for the Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry, Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910... are incorporated by reference except as modified or amended in 13 NCAC 07F.0103.... Amended Eff. July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard; Amended Eff. March 4, 2022 (expiration of emergency temporary standard).

Enforcement: Civil penalties under G.S. 95-138; criminal penalty under G.S. 95-139 (Ex. DUT-NC-005)

Citation: North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Commissioner of Labor), 13 NCAC 07F.0101 (General Industry), incorporating 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference; amended effective July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard (COVID-19 Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502-.509) and amended effective March 4, 2022 on the expiration of that standard (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-009) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-010

N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-41 (Powers and duties of local health director)

Powers and duties of local health director: investigation of communicable disease; quarantine and isolation authority; abatement of nuisances and imminent hazards

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Business closureQuarantine and isolationStanding duty
Character
statutory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(b) A local health director shall have the following powers and duties:... (3) To investigate the causes of infectious, communicable and other diseases; (4) To exercise quarantine authority and isolation authority pursuant to G.S. 130A-145;... (11) To abate public health nuisances and imminent hazards pursuant to G.S. 130A-19 and G.S. 130A-20.

Enforcement: Enforced through G.S. 130A-18 (injunction), 130A-20 (abatement and lien) and 130A-25 (misdemeanor) (Ex. DUT-NC-002)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-41 (Powers and duties of local health director) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-011

N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-248 (Regulation of food and lodging establishments)

Regulation of food and lodging establishments: Commission sanitation rules; no operation without a permit; permit conditioned on compliance with the rules; suspension and revocation

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Business closureStanding dutyOperating condition
Character
sanitary code duty
Grade
Primary source read

(b) No establishment shall commence or continue operation without a permit or transitional permit issued by the Department.... A permit shall be issued only when the establishment satisfies all of the requirements of the rules.... A permit or transitional permit may otherwise be suspended or revoked in accordance with G.S. 130A-23.

Enforcement: Permit suspension or revocation (G.S. 130A-23); misdemeanor (G.S. 130A-25(a)); injunction (G.S. 130A-18)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-248 (Regulation of food and lodging establishments) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-011) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-012

N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.31 (Power of municipalities and counties to enact ordinances to deal with states of emergency)

Types of emergency prohibitions and restrictions authorized: movements of people; operation of offices and business establishments; alcoholic beverages; other activities reasonably necessary to protect lives; immediate effect upon publication

General Assembly of North Carolina, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Business closureGathering capCurfew and hoursAlcohol and barsStanding duty
Character
order penalty
Grade
Primary source read

(b)... may permit prohibitions and restrictions:... (2) Of the operation of offices, business establishments, and other places to or from which people may travel or at which they may congregate.... (5) Upon other activities or conditions the control of which may be reasonably necessary to maintain order and protect lives or property during the state of emergency.

Enforcement: Class 2 misdemeanor, G.S. 14-288.20A(1) (local) and (2) (gubernatorial through 166A-19.30(c)(1)) (Ex. DUT-NC-004)

Citation: General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.31 (Power of municipalities and counties to enact ordinances to deal with states of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-012) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-013

15A NCAC 18A.2650 (General - Adoption by Reference): the FDA Food Code incorporated by reference as the sanitation rule for food establishments

Rules Governing the Food Protection and Sanitation of Food Establishments: adoption of the FDA Food Code by reference

North Carolina Commission for Public Health, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding dutyOperating condition
Character
sanitary code duty
Grade
Primary source read

The 2017 Food Code and the accompanying 2017 Food Code Supplement, not including subsequent amendments and editions, established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (hereinafter referred to as the "Food Code") are hereby incorporated by reference.

Enforcement: Permit suspension or revocation and grade reduction under G.S. 130A-23 and 130A-248; misdemeanor under G.S. 130A-25(a)

Citation: North Carolina Commission for Public Health, 15A NCAC 18A.2650 (General - Adoption by Reference): the FDA Food Code incorporated by reference as the sanitation rule for food establishments (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-013) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-014

NCDOL Safety and Health Topic page, 'COVID-19' (labor.nc.gov/coronavirus): Hazard Overview, Solutions, Regulations ('Which standards apply?'), Learn More

COVID-19 (Coronavirus): the standards the OSH Division has adopted that apply to occupational exposure to COVID-19, including the General Duty Clause, NCGS 95-129(1)

North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division, North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesOther
Character
recommendation only
Grade
Primary source read

The OSH Division has adopted the following standards which are, or may be, applicable to occupational exposure to COVID-19 in North Carolina. This is not all inclusive.... 29 CFR 1910.132... 29 CFR 1910.134: respiratory protection... 29 CFR 1910.141: sanitation... 29 CFR 1910.1030: bloodborne pathogens... General Duty Clause NCGS 95-129(1)

Enforcement: None in the page itself; the standards it lists are enforced through G.S. 95-138 and 95-139 (Ex. DUT-NC-005)

Citation: North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division, NCDOL Safety and Health Topic page, 'COVID-19' (labor.nc.gov/coronavirus): Hazard Overview, Solutions, Regulations ('Which standards apply?'), Learn More (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-014) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-015

NCDOL OSH Division Memo COV 5A, 'Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)' (dated March 24, 2022, updating the Division's adoption of OSHA's memorandum of July 7, 2021, attached), with the attached federal memorandum

Adoption for use in North Carolina of OSHA's Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for COVID-19: complaints, referrals and severe-illness reports in workplaces not covered by the Healthcare ETS; the general duty clause read as NCGS 95-129(1)

North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing (federal plan effective July 7, 2021 for workplaces not covered by the COVID-19 ETS; NCDOL adoption with listed modifications)
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
guidance incorporated
Grade
Primary source read

the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Division of the North Carolina Department of Labor adopts the above-mentioned OSHA interim enforcement response plan memorandum (attached) for use in North Carolina, with modifications as listed below:... References to Section 5(a)(1) - General Duty Clause will mean NCGS 95-129(1) - General Duty Clause.

Enforcement: Citations and civil penalties under G.S. 95-138 for violations of the listed standards or of G.S. 95-129(1)

Citation: North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), NCDOL OSH Division Memo COV 5A, 'Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)' (dated March 24, 2022, updating the Division's adoption of OSHA's memorandum of July 7, 2021, attached), with the attached federal memorandum (Mar. 24, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-015) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-016

NCDOL OSH Division Memo, 'Repeal - Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard on Occupational Exposure to COVID-19' (March 30, 2022)

Repeal of the Healthcare ETS effective March 4, 2022, reciting North Carolina's adoption of the federal COVID-19 Healthcare ETS verbatim as a permanent standard

North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), North Carolina (State)

Dates
Standing (records the adoption effective July 21, 2021 (13 NCAC 07F.0101) and the repeal effective Mar. 4, 2022)
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding duty
Character
agency position statement
Grade
Primary source read

Because the initial timelines for the federal rule (6 months) did not match up with the APA timelines for emergency rules (30 days), the NC Department of Labor (NCDOL) OSH Division chose to adopt the Healthcare ETS verbatim as a permanent standard.... Commissioner of Labor Josh Dobson chose to repeal the prior adoption of the Healthcare ETS effective March 4, 2022.

Enforcement: Civil penalties under G.S. 95-138 for violation of the adopted standard

Citation: North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), NCDOL OSH Division Memo, 'Repeal - Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard on Occupational Exposure to COVID-19' (March 30, 2022) (Mar. 30, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-016) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-017

Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022)

Opinion: the June 8, 2020 NCDHHS abatement order closing Ace Speedway as an 'imminent hazard' for hosting gatherings above the EO 141 limit, the Governor's letter that the races 'were criminal acts', the preliminary injunction enforcing the order, and the sufficiency of the speedway's constitutional counterclaims

Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina (Court)

Dates
Standing (2024-08-23)
Limitations
Business closureGathering capOther
Character
adjudication
Grade
Primary source read

the Secretary... issued an abatement order that required Ace Speedway to close its operations as an "imminent hazard" to public health.... the trial court issued a preliminary injunction prohibiting Ace Speedway from conducting races and other events at its facilities until it complied with the terms of the abatement order.

Enforcement: As recited: Class 2 misdemeanor enforcement of EO 141; imminent-hazard abatement order under G.S. 130A-20; temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction

Citation: Supreme Court of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-017) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-018

Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., 2022-NCCOA-524, No. COA21-428 (N.C. Ct. App. Aug. 2, 2022)

Opinion: the terms of the June 8, 2020 Abatement Order (close until Order 141 expires or until a plan for 'full compliance with Order 141's mass gathering restrictions'), the June 11, 2020 TRO and the July 10, 2020 preliminary injunction

Court of Appeals of North Carolina, North Carolina (Court)

Dates
Standing (2022-08-02)
Limitations
Business closureGathering capOther
Character
adjudication
Grade
Primary source read

The Abatement Order instructed Ace to close its facilities until the expiration of Order 141, or until such time as Ace developed a plan to host events in full compliance with Order 141's mass gathering restrictions.... [the court] "enjoined [Ace] from taking any action to conduct or facilitate a stock car race or other mass gathering at ACE Speedway[.]"

Enforcement: As recited: abatement order under G.S. 130A-20 enforced by TRO (June 11, 2020) and preliminary injunction (July 10, 2020)

Citation: Court of Appeals of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., 2022-NCCOA-524, No. COA21-428 (N.C. Ct. App. Aug. 2, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-018) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-NC-019

North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024)

Opinion: the Emergency Management Act 'grants the Governor the ability to impose significant restrictions or prohibitions on otherwise permissible activity during states of emergency', including restrictions on 'the operation of offices, business establishments, and other places to or from which people may travel or at which they may congregate'; no statutory compensation for such restrictions

Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina (Court)

Dates
Standing (2025-08-22)
Limitations
Business closureAlcohol and barsOther
Character
adjudication
Grade
Primary source read

the Emergency Management Act... grants the Governor the ability to impose significant restrictions or prohibitions on otherwise permissible activity during states of emergency... [and] allows the Governor to restrict "the operation of offices, business establishments, and other places to or from which people may travel or at which they may congregate"

Enforcement: As construed: the Act's prohibitions and restrictions bind without compensation; violation is a Class 2 misdemeanor (G.S. 166A-19.30(d))

Citation: Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024) (Ex. DUT-NC-019) Open the exhibit

Federal standing duties

Ex. DUT-FED-001

29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause)

Duties of employers and employees

Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
statutory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(a) Each employer-- (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees; (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this chapter. (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this chapter which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666: civil penalties for serious, other-than-serious, willful and repeated violations (2020-2021 maxima $13,494 per serious violation and $134,937 per willful or repeated violation, 29 C.F.R. 1903.15(d)); willful violations causing death are criminal (29 U.S.C. 666(e)).

Citation: Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), 29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-002

29 U.S.C. 660(c) (OSH Act § 11(c), anti-retaliation)

Judicial review; discharge or discrimination against employee for exercise of rights

Congress (OSH Act § 11(c)), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
statutory duty
Grade
Primary source read

No person shall discharge or in any manner discriminate against any employee because such employee has filed any complaint or instituted or caused to be instituted any proceeding under or related to this chapter or has testified or is about to testify in any such proceeding or because of the exercise by such employee on behalf of himself or others of any right afforded by this chapter.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 660(c)(2): Secretary's suit in district court for reinstatement with back pay and 'all appropriate relief'

Citation: Congress (OSH Act § 11(c)), 29 U.S.C. 660(c) (OSH Act § 11(c), anti-retaliation) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-002) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-003

29 C.F.R. 1910.132 (personal protective equipment, general requirements)

General requirements (Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (standard promulgated under 29 U.S.C. 655), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(a) Application. Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment... (d)(1) The employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666 (civil penalties per violation)

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (standard promulgated under 29 U.S.C. 655), 29 C.F.R. 1910.132 (personal protective equipment, general requirements) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-003) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-004

29 C.F.R. 1910.134 (respiratory protection)

Respiratory protection

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(a)(2) A respirator shall be provided to each employee when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of such employee. The employer shall provide the respirators which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protection program... (c)(1)... the employer to develop and implement a written respiratory protection program with required worksite-specific procedures and elements for required respirator use.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.134 (respiratory protection) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-004) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-005

29 C.F.R. 1910.141 (sanitation)

Sanitation (Subpart J)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(a)(3)(i) All places of employment shall be kept clean to the extent that the nature of the work allows.... (d)(1) Washing facilities shall be maintained in a sanitary condition.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.141 (sanitation) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-005) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-006

29 C.F.R. part 1904 (recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses), §§ 1904.4, 1904.5, 1904.7, 1904.39

Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

§ 1904.39(a)(1): Within eight (8) hours after the death of any employee as a result of a work-related incident, you must report the fatality to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)... (a)(2): Within twenty-four (24) hours after the in-patient hospitalization of one or more employees... as a result of a work-related incident, you must report the in-patient hospitalization... to OSHA.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. part 1904 (recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses), §§ 1904.4, 1904.5, 1904.7, 1904.39 (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-007

29 C.F.R. 1910.1030 (bloodborne pathogens)

Bloodborne pathogens

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(c)(1)(i) Each employer having an employee(s) with occupational exposure as defined by paragraph (b) of this section shall establish a written Exposure Control Plan designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure.... (d)(1) Universal precautions shall be observed to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 666

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.1030 (bloodborne pathogens) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-007) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-008

29 C.F.R. part 1977 (discrimination against employees exercising rights under the OSH Act), § 1977.12(b)(2)

Discrimination Against Employees Exercising Rights Under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (interpretive regulations under OSH Act § 11(c)), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

§ 1977.12(b)(2):... If the employee, with no reasonable alternative, refuses in good faith to expose himself to the dangerous condition, he would be protected against subsequent discrimination. The condition causing the employee's apprehension of death or injury must be of such a nature that a reasonable person, under the circumstances then confronting the employee, would conclude that there is a real danger of death or serious injury and that there is insufficient time, due to the urgency of the situation, to eliminate the danger through resort to regular statutory enforcement channels.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 660(c)(2)

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (interpretive regulations under OSH Act § 11(c)), 29 C.F.R. part 1977 (discrimination against employees exercising rights under the OSH Act), § 1977.12(b)(2) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-009

OSHA COVID-19 'Standards' page (statement of the general duty clause and the standing standards applicable to SARS-CoV-2)

COVID-19 - Standards (OSHA Safety and Health Topics)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (agency web publication, COVID-19 Safety and Health Topics, 'Standards'), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
agency position statement
Grade
Primary source read

The General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act of 1970, 29 USC 654(a)(1), which requires employers to furnish to each worker 'employment and a place of employment, which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.'... OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) applies to occupational exposure to human blood... Recordkeeping and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness (29 CFR 1904)... 1910.132, General requirements... 1910.134.

Enforcement: as the underlying provisions provide

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (agency web publication, COVID-19 Safety and Health Topics, 'Standards'), OSHA COVID-19 'Standards' page (statement of the general duty clause and the standing standards applicable to SARS-CoV-2) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-009) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-010

Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (posted Jan. 29, 2021)

Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (issued under Executive Order 13999 § 2(a)), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-01-29)
Quarters
2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

This guidance is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of existing mandatory safety and health standards.... Employers should implement COVID-19 Prevention Programs in the workplace.... In addition, the Act's General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their workers with a workplace free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm.... employers still are required under the General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, to...

Enforcement: none in the guidance; the general duty clause and standards it describes carry 29 U.S.C. 666 penalties

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (issued under Executive Order 13999 § 2(a)), Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (posted Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-011

Protecting Workers guidance, as updated August 13, 2021

Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (posted January 29, 2021; updated June 10 and August 13, 2021)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-08-13)
Quarters
2021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Guidance posted January 29, 2021; Updated June 10, [2021]; Summary of changes August 13, 2021... [recommendations for workers who are unvaccinated or otherwise at-risk, and] new guidance involving workers who are fully vaccinated but [in areas of substantial or high transmission].

Enforcement: as the general duty clause provides

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Protecting Workers guidance, as updated August 13, 2021 (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-011) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-013

Guidance on Returning to Work (OSHA 4045, June 2020)

Guidance on Returning to Work

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-06)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations
Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

This guidance is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards.... In addition, the Act's General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Enforcement: as the general duty clause and standards provide

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Guidance on Returning to Work (OSHA 4045, June 2020) (June 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-013) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-015

Citation and Notification of Penalty, Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp., Sioux Falls, SD (general duty clause, one serious violation)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1472736, Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp.

OSHA, Sioux Falls Area Office (enforcement record: inspection detail, Inspection No. 1472736), United States (South Dakota) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-09-09)
Quarters
2020 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 311611/Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering... Inspection Type: Complaint... Initial Violations 1 [Serious]... Initial Penalty $13,494.

Enforcement: $13,494 proposed

Citation: OSHA, Sioux Falls Area Office (enforcement record: inspection detail, Inspection No. 1472736), Citation and Notification of Penalty, Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp., Sioux Falls, SD (general duty clause, one serious violation) (Sept. 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-015) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-016

Citation and Notification of Penalty, JBS Foods Inc. (Swift Beef Co.), Greeley, CO (general duty clause, serious; plus other-than-serious)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1475131, JBS Foods Inc.

OSHA, Denver Area Office (Inspection No. 1475131), United States (Colorado) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-09-11)
Quarters
2020 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 311612/Meat Processed from Carcasses... Initial Penalty $13,494... $2,121... $15,615.

Enforcement: $15,615 proposed

Citation: OSHA, Denver Area Office (Inspection No. 1475131), Citation and Notification of Penalty, JBS Foods Inc. (Swift Beef Co.), Greeley, CO (general duty clause, serious; plus other-than-serious) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-016) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-017

Citation, Midwest Warehouse and Distribution System Inc., Naperville, IL (general duty clause)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1501560, Midwest Warehouse and Distribution

OSHA, Naperville/Chicago North Area Office (Inspection No. 1501560), United States (Illinois) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-04-22)
Quarters
2021 Q2
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 493110/General Warehousing and Storage... Initial Penalty $12,288... Current Penalty $10,788.

Enforcement: $12,288 proposed; $10,788 assessed

Citation: OSHA, Naperville/Chicago North Area Office (Inspection No. 1501560), Citation, Midwest Warehouse and Distribution System Inc., Naperville, IL (general duty clause) (Apr. 22, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-017) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-018

Citation, Somerset Dental Group, Glastonbury, CT (respiratory protection)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1505094, Somerset Dental Group

OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1505094), United States (Connecticut) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-04-15)
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q2
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 621210/Offices of Dentists... Initial Penalty $3,979... Current Penalty $2,785.

Enforcement: $3,979 proposed; $2,785 assessed

Citation: OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1505094), Citation, Somerset Dental Group, Glastonbury, CT (respiratory protection) (Apr. 15, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-018) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-019

Citation, Wintonbury Care Center, Bloomfield, CT (respiratory protection; reporting)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1472908, Wintonbury Care Center

OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1472908), United States (Connecticut) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-10-09)
Quarters
2020 Q4
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 623110/Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)... Initial Penalty $13,494... $1,928... $15,422.

Enforcement: $15,422 proposed

Citation: OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1472908), Citation, Wintonbury Care Center, Bloomfield, CT (respiratory protection; reporting) (Oct. 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-019) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-020

Common COVID-19 Citations: Helping Employers Better Protect Workers and Comply with OSHA Regulations (Nov. 2020)

Common COVID-19 Citations

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-11-06)
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rules
Character
agency enforcement summary
Grade
Primary source read

.. complaints, referrals, or fatalities in industries such as: hospitals and healthcare, nursing homes and long term care settings, and meat/poultry processing facilities.... 1910.134(c)(1) The employer did not establish, implement, or update a written respiratory protection program with worksite-specific procedures.... 1904.39(a)(1) The employer did not report a fatality to OSHA within eight hours... 1910.132(d)(1) Note: these citations occurred in the healthcare sector...

Enforcement: as the standards provide

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Common COVID-19 Citations: Helping Employers Better Protect Workers and Comply with OSHA Regulations (Nov. 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-020) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-021

Citation, Hackensack Meridian Health Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (respiratory protection; recordkeeping)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1480762, Hackensack Meridian Health (Neptune)

OSHA, Avenel Area Office (Inspection No. 1480762), United States (New Jersey) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-12-08)
Quarters
2020 Q4
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 622110/General Medical and Surgical Hospitals... 19100134 A02 12/08/2020... $13,494... 19040004 A 12/08/2020... $1,928.

Enforcement: $15,422 proposed

Citation: OSHA, Avenel Area Office (Inspection No. 1480762), Citation, Hackensack Meridian Health Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (respiratory protection; recordkeeping) (Dec. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-021) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-022

Citation, United States Postal Service, Washington, DC (general duty clause)

OSHA Inspection Detail 1522210, U.S. Postal Service

OSHA, Baltimore/Washington Area Office (Inspection No. 1522210), United States (District of Columbia) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-04-20)
Quarters
2021 Q2
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

NAICS: 491110/Postal Service... Initial Penalty... $11,704 [willful/repeat column]... $11,704.

Enforcement: $11,704 proposed

Citation: OSHA, Baltimore/Washington Area Office (Inspection No. 1522210), Citation, United States Postal Service, Washington, DC (general duty clause) (Apr. 20, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-022) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-023

42 C.F.R. 483.80 (infection control; COVID-19 reporting; COVID-19 testing)

§ 483.80 Infection control

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (condition of participation for long-term care facilities), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testingStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

(a)... The facility must establish and maintain an infection prevention and control program designed to provide a safe, sanitary, and comfortable environment and to help prevent the development and transmission of communicable diseases and infections.... (g) COVID-19 reporting. The facility must-- (1) Electronically report information about COVID-19 in a standardized format specified by the Secretary.... (h) COVID-19 Testing. The LTC facility must test residents and facility staff, including individuals providing services under arrangement and volunteers, for COVID-19.

Enforcement: 42 C.F.R. part 488, subpart F: civil money penalties, denial of payment, termination; QSO-20-29-NH sets CMPs for reporting failures; QSO-20-38-NH sets enforcement for testing failures (Exs. FED-161, -168)

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (condition of participation for long-term care facilities), 42 C.F.R. 483.80 (infection control; COVID-19 reporting; COVID-19 testing) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-023) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-024

42 C.F.R. 482.42 (hospital infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs; COVID-19 reporting)

§ 482.42 Condition of participation: Infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (hospital condition of participation), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory duty
Grade
Primary source read

The hospital must have active hospital-wide programs for the surveillance, prevention, and control of HAIs and other infectious diseases, and for the optimization of antibiotic use through stewardship.

Enforcement: 42 C.F.R. 489.53: termination of the provider agreement; QSO-20-31 and -35 enforcement (Exs. FED-165, -166)

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (hospital condition of participation), 42 C.F.R. 482.42 (hospital infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs; COVID-19 reporting) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-024) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-025

42 U.S.C. 247d-6d (PREP Act targeted liability protections)

Targeted liability protections for pandemic and epidemic products and security countermeasures

Congress (Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, Pub. L. 109-148, div. C, § 2 (2005), as amended by the CARES Act § 3103), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Standing dutyOther
Character
liability shield condition
Grade
Primary source read

(a)(1)... a covered person shall be immune from suit and liability under Federal and State law with respect to all claims for loss caused by, arising out of, relating to, or resulting from the administration to or the use by an individual of a covered countermeasure if a declaration under subsection (b) has been issued with respect to such countermeasure.... (3) Certain conditions. Subject to the other provisions of this section, immunity under paragraph (1) with respect to a covered countermeasure applies only if-- (A) the countermeasure was administered or used during the effective period of the declaration...; (B) the countermeasure was administered or used for the category or categories of diseases... specified in the declaration; and (C) in addition, in the case of a covered person who is a program planner or qualified person with respect to the administration or use of the…

Enforcement: loss of immunity when the conditions are not met

Citation: Congress (Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, Pub. L. 109-148, div. C, § 2 (2005), as amended by the CARES Act § 3103), 42 U.S.C. 247d-6d (PREP Act targeted liability protections) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-025) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-026

Advisory Opinion 20-04 on the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act and the Secretary's Declaration under the Act (Oct. 22, 2020, as modified Oct. 23, 2020)

Advisory Opinion 20-04 on the PREP Act and the Secretary's Declaration

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the General Counsel (Robert P. Charrow, General Counsel), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-10-23 (interpretive; states the Department's reading))
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Other
Character
agency interpretation
Grade
Primary source read

In short, any individual or organization can potentially be a program planner and receive PREP Act coverage. So for example, private businesses, public and private transportation providers, public and private schools, and religious organizations are all eligible for PREP Act coverage when they act [in accordance with the Declaration]... a program planner can be a 'private sector employer or community group' that 'carries out the described activities.'... Such entities may also include businesses, schools, and places of worship.

Enforcement: loss of immunity when the Declaration's conditions are not met

Citation: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the General Counsel (Robert P. Charrow, General Counsel), Advisory Opinion 20-04 on the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act and the Secretary's Declaration under the Act (Oct. 22, 2020, as modified Oct. 23, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-026) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-027

Fourth Amendment to the Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19 and Republication of the Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 79190

Fourth Amendment to the Declaration Under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19 and Republication of the Declaration

Secretary of Health and Human Services (Alex M. Azar II), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-12-03 (effective through Oct. 1, 2024 as then stated))
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Vaccination or testingOther
Character
liability shield condition
Grade
Primary source read

(g) Makes explicit in Section IX that there can be situations where not administering a covered countermeasure to a particular individual can fall within the PREP Act and this Declaration's liability protections.... liability protections for all Covered Countermeasures... used in accordance with the public health and medical response of the Authority Having Jurisdiction...

Enforcement: loss of immunity outside the Declaration's conditions

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services (Alex M. Azar II), Fourth Amendment to the Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19 and Republication of the Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 79190 (Dec. 3, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-027) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-029

Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 20009, COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews

SAFO 20009: COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews

Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service (with the CDC), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-04-17)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rules
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

A SAFO contains important safety information and may include recommended action. SAFO content should be especially valuable to air carriers in meeting their statutory duty to provide service with the highest possible degree of safety in the public interest.... Recommended Action: The FAA and CDC recommend and expect that all U.S.-based air carriers and crewmembers, all non-U.S.-based air carriers operating flights with a U.S. nexus, and all non-U.S.-based crewmembers on flights with a U.S. nexus implement and use their company-developed COVID-19 preparedness plans and procedures in conjunction with the FAA and CDC occupational health and safety guidance in the attached appendix...

Enforcement: none in the SAFO

Citation: Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service (with the CDC), Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 20009, COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-029) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-030

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (technical assistance Q&A, as updated Sept. 8, 2020)

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-09-08)
Quarters
2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations
Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance permissive
Grade
Primary source read

A.3. When may an ADA-covered employer take the body temperature of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic? Generally, measuring an employee's body temperature is a medical examination. Because the CDC and state/local health authorities have acknowledged community spread of COVID-19 and issued attendant precautions, employers may measure employees' body temperature.... an individual with the virus will pose a direct threat to the health of others. Therefore an employer may choose to administer COVID-19 testing to employees before initially permitting them to enter the workplace... An employer may require employees to wear protective gear (for example, masks and gloves) and observe infection control practices (for example, regular hand washing and social distancing protocols).

Enforcement: none; the document defines what the ADA permits

Citation: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (technical assistance Q&A, as updated Sept. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-030) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-031

42 U.S.C. 12113 (ADA defenses; direct threat)

Defenses

Congress (Americans with Disabilities Act § 103), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
statutory framework
Grade
Primary source read

(b) Qualification standards. The term 'qualification standards' may include a requirement that an individual shall not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace.

Enforcement: not applicable (a defense)

Citation: Congress (Americans with Disabilities Act § 103), 42 U.S.C. 12113 (ADA defenses; direct threat) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-031) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-032

29 C.F.R. 1630.2(r) (definition of direct threat)

§ 1630.2 Definitions

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory framework
Grade
Primary source read

(r) Direct Threat means a significant risk of substantial harm to the health or safety of the individual or others that cannot be eliminated or reduced by reasonable accommodation. The determination that an individual poses a 'direct threat' shall be based on an individualized assessment... based on a reasonable medical judgment that relies on the most current medical knowledge and/or on the best available objective evidence.

Enforcement: not applicable

Citation: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(r) (definition of direct threat) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-032) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-033

29 C.F.R. 1630.15 (defenses; direct threat as a qualification standard)

§ 1630.15 Defenses

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesStanding duty
Character
regulatory framework
Grade
Primary source read

(b)(2) Direct threat as a qualification standard. The term 'qualification standard' may include a requirement that an individual shall not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of the individual or others in the workplace.

Enforcement: not applicable

Citation: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), 29 C.F.R. 1630.15 (defenses; direct threat as a qualification standard) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-033) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-034

Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers to Plan and Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (as revised March 21, 2020)

Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers to Plan and Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-03-21)
Quarters
2020 Q2
Limitations
Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Below are changes as of March 21, 2020: Updated cleaning and disinfection guidance; Updated best practices for conducting social distancing; Updated strategies and recommendations that can be implemented now to respond to COVID-19.... Employers should plan to respond in a flexible way... Actively encourage sick employees to stay home... Employees who have symptoms... should notify their supervisor and stay home.... Separate sick employees... Support respiratory etiquette and hand hygiene for employees, customers, and worksite visitors... Perform routine environmental cleaning and disinfection.

Enforcement: none in the guidance

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers to Plan and Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (as revised March 21, 2020) (Mar. 21, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-034) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-035

Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020 (as revised May 6, 2020)

Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-05-06)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Below are changes as of May 6, 2020: Updated strategies and recommendations for employers responding to COVID-19, including those seeking to resume normal or phased business operations: Conducting daily health checks; Conducting a hazard assessment of the workplace; Encouraging employees to wear cloth face coverings in the workplace, if appropriate; Implementing policies and practices for social distancing in the workplace; Improving the building ventilation system... personal protective equipment (PPE) that employers may use to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace.

Enforcement: none in the guidance

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020 (as revised May 6, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-035) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-037

Expanded Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Relating to COVID-19), March 18, 2020

Expanded Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (Jim Mullen, Acting Administrator), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-03-18)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantineWorkplace rulesSupply chain
Character
emergency relief with mandatory conditio
Grade
Primary source read

The President has declared a nationwide emergency pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 5191(b)... Direct assistance means transportation and other relief services provided by a motor carrier or its driver(s) incident to the immediate restoration of essential services (such as medical care) or essential supplies (such as food and fuel)... [a driver] must be permitted at least 10 consecutive hours off duty before the driver is required to return to the motor carrier's terminal or the driver's normal reporting location.

Enforcement: 49 U.S.C. 521(b) civil penalties for operating outside the relief's conditions

Citation: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (Jim Mullen, Acting Administrator), Expanded Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Relating to COVID-19), March 18, 2020 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-037) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-060

Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (updated July 15, 2020)

Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-07-15)
Quarters
2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations
Face-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Updated July 15, 2020... Recommended routine infection prevention and control (IPC) practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: CDC recommends using additional infection prevention and control practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with standard practices recommended as a part of routine healthcare delivery to all patients.... Respirators with exhalation valves are not recommended for source control and should not be used during surgical procedures...

Enforcement: none in the guidance; CMS conditions of participation supply the sanction for participating providers

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (updated July 15, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-060) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-061

Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (Apr. 26, 2020)

Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-04-26)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolationSupply chain
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

CDC's Critical Infrastructure Guidance advises that critical infrastructure workers may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure to COVID-19, provided they remain asymptomatic and additional precautions are implemented to protect them and the community. All meat and poultry processing facilities developing plans for continuing operations in the setting of COVID-19 occurring among workers or in the surrounding community should (1) work directly with appropriate state and local public health officials and occupational safety and health professionals; (2) incorporate relevant aspects of CDC guidance, including but not limited to this document and the CDC's Critical Infrastructure Guidance; and (3) incorporate guidance from other authoritative sources or regulatory bodies as needed.

Enforcement: none in the guidance; the general duty clause supplied the sanction

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (Apr. 26, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-061) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-062

Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA (updated July 9, 2020)

Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA (Updated July 9, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-07-09)
Quarters
2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Updated July 9, 2020... critical infrastructure workers may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure to COVID-19, provided they remain asymptomatic, have not had a positive test result for COVID-19, and additional precautions are implemented to protect them and the community.

Enforcement: none in the guidance

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA (updated July 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-062) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-063

Interim Guidance for Implementing Safety Practices for Critical Infrastructure Workers Who May Have Had Exposure to a Person with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (Apr. 8, 2020)

Interim Guidance for Implementing Safety Practices for Critical Infrastructure Workers Who May Have Had Exposure to a Person with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-04-08)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

critical infrastructure workers may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure to COVID-19, provided they remain asymptomatic and additional precautions are implemented to protect them and the community.... Pre-Screen: Employers should measure the employee's temperature and assess symptoms prior to them starting work.... Wear a Mask: The employee should wear a face mask at all times while in the workplace for 14 days after last exposure.... Social Distance: The employee should maintain 6 feet and practice social distancing as work duties permit in the workplace.... Disinfect and Clean work spaces...

Enforcement: none in the guidance

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Implementing Safety Practices for Critical Infrastructure Workers Who May Have Had Exposure to a Person with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-063) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-064

Considerations for Restaurants and Bars (updated May 27, 2020)

Considerations for Restaurants and Bars

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-05-27)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations
Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Updated May 27, 2020. As restaurants and bars resume operations in some areas of the United States, CDC offers the following considerations for ways in which operators can protect employees, customers, and communities and slow the spread of COVID-19. Restaurants and bars can determine, in collaboration with state and local health officials, whether and how to implement these considerations...

Enforcement: none in the guidance

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Considerations for Restaurants and Bars (updated May 27, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-064) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-065

Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Mar. 13, 2020)

Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-03-13)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Travel and quarantineWorkplace rulesSupply chain
Character
emergency relief with mandatory conditio
Grade
Primary source read

an emergency exists that warrants an exemption from Parts 390 through 399 of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations... for motor carriers and drivers providing direct assistance in support of emergency relief efforts related to the COVID-19 outbreaks... Direct assistance terminates when a driver or commercial motor vehicle is used in interstate commerce to transport cargo or provide services that are not in support of emergency relief efforts... [the driver] must be permitted at least 10 consecutive hours off duty before the driver is required to return... Nothing contained in this Emergency Declaration shall be construed as an exemption from the controlled substances and alcohol use and testing requirements (49 CFR Part 382), the commercial driver's license requirements (49 CFR Part 383), the financial responsibility (insurance) requirements (49 CFR Part 387), the hazardous…

Enforcement: 49 U.S.C. 521(b)

Citation: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-065) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-066

News release, U.S. Department of Labor Reminds Employers That They Cannot Retaliate Against Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions During Coronavirus Pandemic (Apr. 8, 2020)

U.S. Department of Labor Reminds Employers That They Cannot Retaliate Against Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions During Coronavirus Pandemic

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Loren Sweatt), national news release, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
agency position statement
Grade
Primary source read

The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is reminding employers that it is illegal to retaliate against workers because they report unsafe and unhealthful working conditions during the coronavirus pandemic. Acts of retaliation can include terminations, demotions, denials of overtime or promotion, or reductions in pay or hours. 'Employees have the right to safe and healthy workplaces,' said Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Loren Sweatt.

Enforcement: 29 U.S.C. 660(c)(2)

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Loren Sweatt), national news release, News release, U.S. Department of Labor Reminds Employers That They Cannot Retaliate Against Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions During Coronavirus Pandemic (Apr. 8, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-066) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-067

News release, U.S. Department of Labor's OSHA Announces $3,930,381 In Coronavirus Violations (Jan. 8, 2021)

U.S. Department of Labor's OSHA Announces $3,930,381 In Coronavirus Violations

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, national news release, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-01-08)
Quarters
2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations
Health care ordersWorkplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic through Dec. 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has issued citations arising from 300 inspections for violations relating to coronavirus, resulting in proposed penalties totaling $3,930,381. OSHA inspections have resulted in the agency citing employers for violations, including failures to: Implement a written respiratory protection program; Provide a medical evaluation, respirator fit test, training on the proper use of a respirator and personal protective equipment; Report an injury, illness or fatality; Record an injury or illness on OSHA recordkeeping forms; and Comply with the General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

Enforcement: as stated

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, national news release, News release, U.S. Department of Labor's OSHA Announces $3,930,381 In Coronavirus Violations (Jan. 8, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-067) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-069

News release, US Department of Labor cites insurance agency for exposing workers to coronavirus at Denver location where employee died with COVID-19 (Fred Loya Insurance Agency Inc.; Inspection No. 1528139; citation Oct. 1, 2021)

US Department of Labor cites insurance agency for exposing workers to coronavirus at Denver location where employee died with COVID-19

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Region 8 (Denver Area Office; Area Director Amanda Kupper), United States (Colorado) (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-10-01)
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rules
Character
enforcement record
Grade
Primary source read

A federal workplace health investigation found that an auto insurance company ignored coronavirus safety requirements and allowed others displaying symptoms to work at the same Denver location where an employee died with COVID-19.... [OSHA] initiated an investigation on April 21, 2021, and found Fred Loya Insurance Agency Inc. did not safely distance employees, failed to implement a health and safety plan and allowed symptomatic workers to remain on site. The company faces $23,406 in proposed penalties.

Enforcement: $23,406 proposed

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Region 8 (Denver Area Office; Area Director Amanda Kupper), News release, US Department of Labor cites insurance agency for exposing workers to coronavirus at Denver location where employee died with COVID-19 (Fred Loya Insurance Agency Inc.; Inspection No. 1528139; citation Oct. 1, 2021) (Oct. 7, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-069) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-070

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated Dec. 16, 2020, adding Section K on vaccinations)

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (updated Dec. 16, 2020)

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2020-12-16)
Quarters
2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations
Workplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance permissive
Grade
Primary source read

Applying this standard to the current circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, employers may take screening steps to determine if employees entering the workplace have COVID-19 because an individual with the virus will pose a direct threat to the health of others. Therefore an employer may choose to administer COVID-19 testing to employees before initially permitting them to enter the workplace and/or periodically to determine if their presence in the workplace poses a direct threat to others.... An employer may exclude those with COVID-19, or symptoms associated with COVID-19, from the workplace because, as EEOC has stated, their presence would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others.

Enforcement: none; defines what the ADA permits

Citation: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated Dec. 16, 2020, adding Section K on vaccinations) (Ex. DUT-FED-070) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-071

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated May 28, 2021, revising Section K)

What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (updated May 28, 2021)

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-05-28)
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Workplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Character
agency guidance permissive
Grade
Primary source read

Updated on May 28, 2021.... K.1. Under the ADA, Title VII, and other federal employment nondiscrimination laws, may an employer require all employees physically entering the workplace to be vaccinated for COVID-19? (5/28/21) The federal EEO laws do not prevent an employer from requiring all employees physically entering the workplace to be vaccinated for COVID-19, subject to the reasonable accommodation provisions of Title VII and the ADA and other EEO considerations discussed below.

Enforcement: none

Citation: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated May 28, 2021, revising Section K) (Ex. DUT-FED-071) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-072

Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (as updated June 10, 2021)

Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (updated June 10, 2021)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates
Standing (2021-06-10)
Quarters
2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Character
agency guidance recommendation
Grade
Primary source read

Unless otherwise required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, most employers no longer need to take steps to protect their fully vaccinated workers who are not otherwise at-risk from COVID-19 exposure.... CDC advises that most fully vaccinated people can resume activities without wearing masks or physically distancing, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance.

Enforcement: as the general duty clause provides

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (as updated June 10, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-072) Open the exhibit

Ex. DUT-FED-073

Secretary of Labor v. Ariana Murrell-Rosario d/b/a Liberty Tax Service, OSHRC Docket No. 21-0432, Decision and Order (June 6, 2022)

Decision and Order, OSHRC Docket No. 21-0432 (Liberty Tax Service, Lynn, Massachusetts)

Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Chief Administrative Law Judge Covette Rooney, United States (Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission) (Court)

Dates
Standing (2022-06-06)
Quarters
2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations
Face-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Character
adjudication
Grade
Primary source read

As a result of the inspection OSHA issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty (Citation) on April 8, 2021, for an alleged willful violation of section 5(a)(1) (general duty clause) of the OSH Act with a proposed penalty of $136,532. The Citation alleged Respondent had not protected its employees from the recognized hazard of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus that causes COVID-19.... For the reasons set forth below, the undersigned affirms the willful violation of the General Duty Clause and assesses a penalty of $95,500.... As set forth above, the Secretary has proved Respondent violated section 5(a)(1) of the Act... ORDER... Citation 1, Item 1, alleging a Willful violation of section 5 (a)(1) of the OSH Act is AFFIRMED and a penalty of $95,500 is ASSESSED.

Enforcement: $95,500 assessed (of $136,532 proposed)

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Chief Administrative Law Judge Covette Rooney, Secretary of Labor v. Ariana Murrell-Rosario d/b/a Liberty Tax Service, OSHRC Docket No. 21-0432, Decision and Order (June 6, 2022) (Ex. DUT-FED-073) Open the exhibit

6. Partial suspension, element by element, for this business

This section applies the five-step test of section 3 to a business in North Carolina with the instruments this report found for the quarters selected and no others: the order; the function of the business it reached; the change it compelled, in its own words; the days of the quarter on which it was in force; and the statute's answer. Where the Library holds only federal-layer and standing-duty instruments for a quarter, the section says so and applies the test to those instruments.

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the third quarter of 2021 the Library holds 227 instruments in force for this selection: 15 instruments from the State of North Carolina (Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 116 (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. NC-001); Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 119 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. NC-039); Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 130 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. NC-007); and 12 more), 1 instrument from the agencies, boards and authorities of North Carolina (North Carolina Division of Employment Security, DES press release, 'North Carolina Reinstates Certain Unemployment Benefits Requirements' (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081)), 167 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031); and 164 more) and 44 standing duties (Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), 29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-001); Congress (OSH Act § 11(c)), 29 U.S.C. 660(c) (OSH Act § 11(c), anti-retaliation) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-002); and 42 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions, in the Library's own labels: WF workforce (Ex. NC-030); EC child care (Ex. NC-041); IN in-person instruction (Ex. NC-030); AD admissions and enrollment (Ex. NC-032); DR drivers and routes (Ex. NC-039); OF State offices (Ex. NC-031); VS visitation (Ex. NC-073); AC athletics and activities (Ex. NC-072); CB payers (Ex. NC-041); CT courts (Ex. NC-071).

Step three, the change compelled. Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 116 (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. NC-001) ordered: "DECLARATION OF A STATE OF EMERGENCY TO COORDINATE RESPONSE AND PROTECTIVE ACTIONS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19... N.C. Gen. Stat. 166A-19.10 and 166A-19.20 authorize the undersigned to declare a state of emergency and exercise the powers and duties set forth therein" Enforcement: Predicate for every later order; every later order recites that 'An Executive Order rescinding the Declaration of the State of Emergency will automatically… Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 119 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. NC-039) ordered: "Section 5. Maximum Hours of Service... DPS, in conjunction with the North Carolina Department of Transportation ('DOT'), shall waive the maximum hours of service for drivers prescribed by DPS pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-381, if the driver is transporting medical supplies and other equipment in…" Enforcement: State Highway Patrol enforces conditions (sec. 7(III)); waivers conditioned on documentation Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 130 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. NC-007) ordered: "Section 1. Allowing Increases in Health Care Resources... the undersigned delegates to the Secretary of Health and Human Services authority to waive or modify [regulatory requirements to add beds and technology]; recitals: 'the Secretary of Health and Human Services requires authority to modify or…" Enforcement: Delegations to the Secretary of DHHS; Secretarial Orders issued under it (EO 215 sec. 3.3(b) refers to 'the Secretarial Orders issued under Executive Order Nos.… The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 days. Executive Order No. 116 (Ex. NC-001) was in force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2022, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Executive Order No. 119 (Ex. NC-039) was in force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Executive Order No. 130 (Ex. NC-007) was in force from Apr. 8, 2020 to Aug. 8, 2021, 39 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 16 instruments in the quarter's record, 8 were in force on its first day, 12 on its last day and 5 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of the business; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the third quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

7. Exhibit list

Every instrument cited in this report, by exhibit identifier: 203 records, of which The COVID Project holds the document for 200. The record URL opens the instrument's page in the Library; the exhibit URL opens the document itself where it is held.

ExhibitInstrumentIssuerDateCitationRecord URLExhibit file
Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081DES press release, 'North Carolina Reinstates Certain Unemployment Benefits Requirements' (Sept. 2, 2021)North Carolina Division of Employment SecuritySept. 2, 2021North Carolina Division of Employment Security, DES press release, 'North Carolina Reinstates Certain Unemployment Benefits Requirements' (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081)/library/AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081/exhibit/AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-081
Ex. DUT-FED-00129 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause)Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593)standingCongress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), 29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-001)/library/DUT-FED-001/exhibit/DUT-FED-001
Ex. DUT-FED-00229 U.S.C. 660(c) (OSH Act § 11(c), anti-retaliation)Congress (OSH Act § 11(c))standingCongress (OSH Act § 11(c)), 29 U.S.C. 660(c) (OSH Act § 11(c), anti-retaliation) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-002)/library/DUT-FED-002/exhibit/DUT-FED-002
Ex. DUT-FED-00329 C.F.R. 1910.132 (personal protective equipment, general requirements)Occupational Safety and Health Administration (standard promulgated under 29 U.S.C. 655)standingOccupational Safety and Health Administration (standard promulgated under 29 U.S.C. 655), 29 C.F.R. 1910.132 (personal protective equipment, general requirements) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-003)/library/DUT-FED-003/exhibit/DUT-FED-003
Ex. DUT-FED-00429 C.F.R. 1910.134 (respiratory protection)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.134 (respiratory protection) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-004)/library/DUT-FED-004/exhibit/DUT-FED-004
Ex. DUT-FED-00529 C.F.R. 1910.141 (sanitation)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.141 (sanitation) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-005)/library/DUT-FED-005/exhibit/DUT-FED-005
Ex. DUT-FED-00629 C.F.R. part 1904 (recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses), §§ 1904.4, 1904.5, 1904.7, 1904.39Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. part 1904 (recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses), §§ 1904.4, 1904.5, 1904.7, 1904.39 (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-006)/library/DUT-FED-006/exhibit/DUT-FED-006
Ex. DUT-FED-00729 C.F.R. 1910.1030 (bloodborne pathogens)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 C.F.R. 1910.1030 (bloodborne pathogens) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-007)/library/DUT-FED-007/exhibit/DUT-FED-007
Ex. DUT-FED-00829 C.F.R. part 1977 (discrimination against employees exercising rights under the OSH Act), § 1977.12(b)(2)Occupational Safety and Health Administration (interpretive regulations under OSH Act § 11(c))standingOccupational Safety and Health Administration (interpretive regulations under OSH Act § 11(c)), 29 C.F.R. part 1977 (discrimination against employees exercising rights under the OSH Act), § 1977.12(b)(2) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-008)/library/DUT-FED-008/exhibit/DUT-FED-008
Ex. DUT-FED-009OSHA COVID-19 'Standards' page (statement of the general duty clause and the standing standards applicable to SARS-CoV-2)Occupational Safety and Health Administration (agency web publication, COVID-19 Safety and Health Topics, 'Standards')standingOccupational Safety and Health Administration (agency web publication, COVID-19 Safety and Health Topics, 'Standards'), OSHA COVID-19 'Standards' page (statement of the general duty clause and the standing standards applicable to SARS-CoV-2) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-009)/library/DUT-FED-009/exhibit/DUT-FED-009
Ex. DUT-FED-010Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (posted Jan. 29, 2021)Occupational Safety and Health Administration (issued under Executive Order 13999 § 2(a))standingOccupational Safety and Health Administration (issued under Executive Order 13999 § 2(a)), Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (posted Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-010)/library/DUT-FED-010/exhibit/DUT-FED-010
Ex. DUT-FED-011Protecting Workers guidance, as updated August 13, 2021Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, Protecting Workers guidance, as updated August 13, 2021 (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-011)/library/DUT-FED-011/exhibit/DUT-FED-011
Ex. DUT-FED-013Guidance on Returning to Work (OSHA 4045, June 2020)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, Guidance on Returning to Work (OSHA 4045, June 2020) (June 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-013)/library/DUT-FED-013/exhibit/DUT-FED-013
Ex. DUT-FED-015Citation and Notification of Penalty, Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp., Sioux Falls, SD (general duty clause, one serious violation)OSHA, Sioux Falls Area Office (enforcement record: inspection detail, Inspection No. 1472736)standingOSHA, Sioux Falls Area Office (enforcement record: inspection detail, Inspection No. 1472736), Citation and Notification of Penalty, Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp., Sioux Falls, SD (general duty clause, one serious violation) (Sept. 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-015)/library/DUT-FED-015/exhibit/DUT-FED-015
Ex. DUT-FED-016Citation and Notification of Penalty, JBS Foods Inc. (Swift Beef Co.), Greeley, CO (general duty clause, serious; plus other-than-serious)OSHA, Denver Area Office (Inspection No. 1475131)standingOSHA, Denver Area Office (Inspection No. 1475131), Citation and Notification of Penalty, JBS Foods Inc. (Swift Beef Co.), Greeley, CO (general duty clause, serious; plus other-than-serious) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-016)/library/DUT-FED-016/exhibit/DUT-FED-016
Ex. DUT-FED-017Citation, Midwest Warehouse and Distribution System Inc., Naperville, IL (general duty clause)OSHA, Naperville/Chicago North Area Office (Inspection No. 1501560)standingOSHA, Naperville/Chicago North Area Office (Inspection No. 1501560), Citation, Midwest Warehouse and Distribution System Inc., Naperville, IL (general duty clause) (Apr. 22, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-017)/library/DUT-FED-017/exhibit/DUT-FED-017
Ex. DUT-FED-018Citation, Somerset Dental Group, Glastonbury, CT (respiratory protection)OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1505094)standingOSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1505094), Citation, Somerset Dental Group, Glastonbury, CT (respiratory protection) (Apr. 15, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-018)/library/DUT-FED-018/exhibit/DUT-FED-018
Ex. DUT-FED-019Citation, Wintonbury Care Center, Bloomfield, CT (respiratory protection; reporting)OSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1472908)standingOSHA, Hartford Area Office (Inspection No. 1472908), Citation, Wintonbury Care Center, Bloomfield, CT (respiratory protection; reporting) (Oct. 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-019)/library/DUT-FED-019/exhibit/DUT-FED-019
Ex. DUT-FED-020Common COVID-19 Citations: Helping Employers Better Protect Workers and Comply with OSHA Regulations (Nov. 2020)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, Common COVID-19 Citations: Helping Employers Better Protect Workers and Comply with OSHA Regulations (Nov. 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-020)/library/DUT-FED-020/exhibit/DUT-FED-020
Ex. DUT-FED-021Citation, Hackensack Meridian Health Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (respiratory protection; recordkeeping)OSHA, Avenel Area Office (Inspection No. 1480762)standingOSHA, Avenel Area Office (Inspection No. 1480762), Citation, Hackensack Meridian Health Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (respiratory protection; recordkeeping) (Dec. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-021)/library/DUT-FED-021/exhibit/DUT-FED-021
Ex. DUT-FED-022Citation, United States Postal Service, Washington, DC (general duty clause)OSHA, Baltimore/Washington Area Office (Inspection No. 1522210)standingOSHA, Baltimore/Washington Area Office (Inspection No. 1522210), Citation, United States Postal Service, Washington, DC (general duty clause) (Apr. 20, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-022)/library/DUT-FED-022/exhibit/DUT-FED-022
Ex. DUT-FED-02342 C.F.R. 483.80 (infection control; COVID-19 reporting; COVID-19 testing)Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (condition of participation for long-term care facilities)standingCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services (condition of participation for long-term care facilities), 42 C.F.R. 483.80 (infection control; COVID-19 reporting; COVID-19 testing) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-023)/library/DUT-FED-023/exhibit/DUT-FED-023
Ex. DUT-FED-02442 C.F.R. 482.42 (hospital infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs; COVID-19 reporting)Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (hospital condition of participation)standingCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services (hospital condition of participation), 42 C.F.R. 482.42 (hospital infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs; COVID-19 reporting) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-024)/library/DUT-FED-024/exhibit/DUT-FED-024
Ex. DUT-FED-02542 U.S.C. 247d-6d (PREP Act targeted liability protections)Congress (Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, Pub. L. 109-148, div. C, § 2 (2005), as amended by the CARES Act § 3103)standingCongress (Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, Pub. L. 109-148, div. C, § 2 (2005), as amended by the CARES Act § 3103), 42 U.S.C. 247d-6d (PREP Act targeted liability protections) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-025)/library/DUT-FED-025/exhibit/DUT-FED-025
Ex. DUT-FED-026Advisory Opinion 20-04 on the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act and the Secretary's Declaration under the Act (Oct. 22, 2020, as modified Oct. 23…Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the General Counsel (Robert P. Charrow, General Counsel)standingDepartment of Health and Human Services, Office of the General Counsel (Robert P. Charrow, General Counsel), Advisory Opinion 20-04 on the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act and the Secretary's Declaration under the Act (Oct. 22, 2020, as modified Oct. 23, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-026)/library/DUT-FED-026/exhibit/DUT-FED-026
Ex. DUT-FED-027Fourth Amendment to the Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19 and Republication of the Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 79190Secretary of Health and Human Services (Alex M. Azar II)standingSecretary of Health and Human Services (Alex M. Azar II), Fourth Amendment to the Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19 and Republication of the Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 79190 (Dec. 3, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-027)/library/DUT-FED-027/exhibit/DUT-FED-027
Ex. DUT-FED-029Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 20009, COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and CrewsFederal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service (with the CDC)standingFederal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service (with the CDC), Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 20009, COVID-19: Updated Interim Occupational Health and Safety Guidance for Air Carriers and Crews (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-029)/library/DUT-FED-029/exhibit/DUT-FED-029
Ex. DUT-FED-030What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (technical assistance Q&A, as updated Sept. 8, 2020)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance)standingEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (technical assistance Q&A, as updated Sept. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-030)/library/DUT-FED-030/exhibit/DUT-FED-030
Ex. DUT-FED-03142 U.S.C. 12113 (ADA defenses; direct threat)Congress (Americans with Disabilities Act § 103)standingCongress (Americans with Disabilities Act § 103), 42 U.S.C. 12113 (ADA defenses; direct threat) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-031)/library/DUT-FED-031/exhibit/DUT-FED-031
Ex. DUT-FED-03229 C.F.R. 1630.2(r) (definition of direct threat)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation)standingEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), 29 C.F.R. 1630.2(r) (definition of direct threat) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-032)/library/DUT-FED-032/exhibit/DUT-FED-032
Ex. DUT-FED-03329 C.F.R. 1630.15 (defenses; direct threat as a qualification standard)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation)standingEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (regulation), 29 C.F.R. 1630.15 (defenses; direct threat as a qualification standard) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-033)/library/DUT-FED-033/exhibit/DUT-FED-033
Ex. DUT-FED-034Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers to Plan and Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (as revised March 21, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and PreventionstandingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers to Plan and Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (as revised March 21, 2020) (Mar. 21, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-034)/library/DUT-FED-034/exhibit/DUT-FED-034
Ex. DUT-FED-035Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020 (as revised May 6, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and PreventionstandingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020 (as revised May 6, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-035)/library/DUT-FED-035/exhibit/DUT-FED-035
Ex. DUT-FED-037Expanded Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Relating to COVID-19), March 18, 2020Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (Jim Mullen, Acting Administrator)standingFederal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (Jim Mullen, Acting Administrator), Expanded Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Relating to COVID-19), March 18, 2020 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-037)/library/DUT-FED-037/exhibit/DUT-FED-037
Ex. DUT-FED-060Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (updated July 15…Centers for Disease Control and PreventionstandingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (updated July 15, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-060)/library/DUT-FED-060/exhibit/DUT-FED-060
Ex. DUT-FED-061Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (Apr. 26, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint)standingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (Apr. 26, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-061)/library/DUT-FED-061/exhibit/DUT-FED-061
Ex. DUT-FED-062Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA (updated July 9, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint)standingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (joint), Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers: Interim Guidance from CDC and OSHA (updated July 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-062)/library/DUT-FED-062/exhibit/DUT-FED-062
Ex. DUT-FED-063Interim Guidance for Implementing Safety Practices for Critical Infrastructure Workers Who May Have Had Exposure to a Person with Suspected or Confirmed…Centers for Disease Control and PreventionstandingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance for Implementing Safety Practices for Critical Infrastructure Workers Who May Have Had Exposure to a Person with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-063)/library/DUT-FED-063/exhibit/DUT-FED-063
Ex. DUT-FED-064Considerations for Restaurants and Bars (updated May 27, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and PreventionstandingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Considerations for Restaurants and Bars (updated May 27, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-064)/library/DUT-FED-064/exhibit/DUT-FED-064
Ex. DUT-FED-065Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Mar. 13, 2020)Federal Motor Carrier Safety AdministrationstandingFederal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Emergency Declaration Under 49 CFR § 390.23 No. 2020-002 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FED-065)/library/DUT-FED-065/exhibit/DUT-FED-065
Ex. DUT-FED-066News release, U.S. Department of Labor Reminds Employers That They Cannot Retaliate Against Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions During Coronavirus Pandemic…Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Loren Sweatt), national news releasestandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration (Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Loren Sweatt), national news release, News release, U.S. Department of Labor Reminds Employers That They Cannot Retaliate Against Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions During Coronavirus Pandemic (Apr. 8, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-066)/library/DUT-FED-066/exhibit/DUT-FED-066
Ex. DUT-FED-067News release, U.S. Department of Labor's OSHA Announces $3,930,381 In Coronavirus Violations (Jan. 8, 2021)Occupational Safety and Health Administration, national news releasestandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, national news release, News release, U.S. Department of Labor's OSHA Announces $3,930,381 In Coronavirus Violations (Jan. 8, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-067)/library/DUT-FED-067/exhibit/DUT-FED-067
Ex. DUT-FED-069News release, US Department of Labor cites insurance agency for exposing workers to coronavirus at Denver location where employee died with COVID-19 (Fred Loya…Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Region 8 (Denver Area Office; Area Director Amanda Kupper)standingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, Region 8 (Denver Area Office; Area Director Amanda Kupper), News release, US Department of Labor cites insurance agency for exposing workers to coronavirus at Denver location where employee died with COVID-19 (Fred Loya Insurance Agency Inc.; Inspection No. 1528139; citation Oct. 1, 2021) (Oct. 7, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-069)/library/DUT-FED-069/exhibit/DUT-FED-069
Ex. DUT-FED-070What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated Dec. 16, 2020, adding Section K on vaccinations)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance)standingEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated Dec. 16, 2020, adding Section K on vaccinations) (Ex. DUT-FED-070)/library/DUT-FED-070/exhibit/DUT-FED-070
Ex. DUT-FED-071What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated May 28, 2021, revising Section K)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance)standingEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (technical assistance), What You Should Know About COVID-19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (as updated May 28, 2021, revising Section K) (Ex. DUT-FED-071)/library/DUT-FED-071/exhibit/DUT-FED-071
Ex. DUT-FED-072Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (as updated June 10, 2021)Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationstandingOccupational Safety and Health Administration, Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace (as updated June 10, 2021) (Ex. DUT-FED-072)/library/DUT-FED-072/exhibit/DUT-FED-072
Ex. DUT-FED-073Secretary of Labor v. Ariana Murrell-Rosario d/b/a Liberty Tax Service, OSHRC Docket No. 21-0432, Decision and Order (June 6, 2022)Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Chief Administrative Law Judge Covette RooneystandingOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Chief Administrative Law Judge Covette Rooney, Secretary of Labor v. Ariana Murrell-Rosario d/b/a Liberty Tax Service, OSHRC Docket No. 21-0432, Decision and Order (June 6, 2022) (Ex. DUT-FED-073)/library/DUT-FED-073/exhibit/DUT-FED-073
Ex. DUT-NC-001N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 6 (Communicable Diseases), Part 1, secs. 130A-133 to 130A-148, including sec. 130A-144 (Investigation and control measures)…General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 6 (Communicable Diseases), Part 1, secs. 130A-133 to 130A-148, including sec. 130A-144 (Investigation and control measures) and sec. 130A-145 (Quarantine and isolation authority) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-001)/library/DUT-NC-001/exhibit/DUT-NC-001
Ex. DUT-NC-002N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 1, secs. 130A-1 to 130A-27, including sec. 130A-2 (definitions of 'imminent hazard', 'isolation authority', 'person'…General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 130A, Article 1, secs. 130A-1 to 130A-27, including sec. 130A-2 (definitions of 'imminent hazard', 'isolation authority', 'person', 'quarantine authority'), sec. 130A-17 (right of entry), sec. 130A-18 (injunction), sec. 130A-19 (abatement of public health nuisance), sec. 130A-20 (abatement of an imminent hazard), sec. 130A-23 (suspension and revocation of permits) and sec. 130A-25 (misdemeanor) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-002)/library/DUT-NC-002/exhibit/DUT-NC-002
Ex. DUT-NC-003N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.30 (Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency)General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.30 (Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-003)/library/DUT-NC-003/exhibit/DUT-NC-003
Ex. DUT-NC-004N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 14-288.20A (Violation of emergency prohibitions and restrictions)General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 14-288.20A (Violation of emergency prohibitions and restrictions) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-004)/library/DUT-NC-004/exhibit/DUT-NC-004
Ex. DUT-NC-005N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 95, Article 16, secs. 95-126 to 95-160, including sec. 95-129 (Rights and duties of employers), sec. 95-131 (adoption of standards), sec.…General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 95, Article 16, secs. 95-126 to 95-160, including sec. 95-129 (Rights and duties of employers), sec. 95-131 (adoption of standards), sec. 95-138 (Civil penalties) and sec. 95-139 (Criminal penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-005)/library/DUT-NC-005/exhibit/DUT-NC-005
Ex. DUT-NC-006Session Law 2020-89 (House Bill 118), An Act to Provide Limited Immunity from Liability for Claims Based on Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)…General Assembly of North Carolina (ratified June 24, 2020; approved by Governor Roy Cooper July 2, 2020)standingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina (ratified June 24, 2020; approved by Governor Roy Cooper July 2, 2020), Session Law 2020-89 (House Bill 118), An Act to Provide Limited Immunity from Liability for Claims Based on Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), enacting G.S. secs. 99E-70 to 99E-72 (COVID-19 Limited Immunity) (July 2, 2020) (Ex. DUT-NC-006)/library/DUT-NC-006/exhibit/DUT-NC-006
Ex. DUT-NC-00710A NCAC 41A.0201 (Control Measures - General)North Carolina Commission for Public Health (rule); administered by the Division of Public Health, NCDHHS, and local health directorsstandingNorth Carolina Commission for Public Health (rule); administered by the Division of Public Health, NCDHHS, and local health directors, 10A NCAC 41A.0201 (Control Measures - General) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-007)/library/DUT-NC-007/exhibit/DUT-NC-007
Ex. DUT-NC-00810A NCAC 41A.0101 (Reportable Diseases and Conditions), as amended by emergency rule effective February 17, 2020 (novel coronavirus infection), temporary rule…North Carolina Commission for Public HealthstandingNorth Carolina Commission for Public Health, 10A NCAC 41A.0101 (Reportable Diseases and Conditions), as amended by emergency rule effective February 17, 2020 (novel coronavirus infection), temporary rule effective April 24, 2020 and permanent rule effective July 1, 2020 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-008)/library/DUT-NC-008/exhibit/DUT-NC-008
Ex. DUT-NC-00913 NCAC 07F.0101 (General Industry), incorporating 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference; amended effective July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard…North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Commissioner of Labor)standingNorth Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Commissioner of Labor), 13 NCAC 07F.0101 (General Industry), incorporating 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference; amended effective July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard (COVID-19 Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502-.509) and amended effective March 4, 2022 on the expiration of that standard (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-009)/library/DUT-NC-009/exhibit/DUT-NC-009
Ex. DUT-NC-010N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-41 (Powers and duties of local health director)General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-41 (Powers and duties of local health director) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-010)/library/DUT-NC-010/exhibit/DUT-NC-010
Ex. DUT-NC-011N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-248 (Regulation of food and lodging establishments)General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 130A-248 (Regulation of food and lodging establishments) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-011)/library/DUT-NC-011/exhibit/DUT-NC-011
Ex. DUT-NC-012N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.31 (Power of municipalities and counties to enact ordinances to deal with states of emergency)General Assembly of North CarolinastandingGeneral Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.31 (Power of municipalities and counties to enact ordinances to deal with states of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-012)/library/DUT-NC-012/exhibit/DUT-NC-012
Ex. DUT-NC-01315A NCAC 18A.2650 (General - Adoption by Reference): the FDA Food Code incorporated by reference as the sanitation rule for food establishmentsNorth Carolina Commission for Public HealthstandingNorth Carolina Commission for Public Health, 15A NCAC 18A.2650 (General - Adoption by Reference): the FDA Food Code incorporated by reference as the sanitation rule for food establishments (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-013)/library/DUT-NC-013/exhibit/DUT-NC-013
Ex. DUT-NC-014NCDOL Safety and Health Topic page, 'COVID-19' (labor.nc.gov/coronavirus): Hazard Overview, Solutions, Regulations ('Which standards apply?'), Learn MoreNorth Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health DivisionstandingNorth Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division, NCDOL Safety and Health Topic page, 'COVID-19' (labor.nc.gov/coronavirus): Hazard Overview, Solutions, Regulations ('Which standards apply?'), Learn More (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-014)/library/DUT-NC-014/exhibit/DUT-NC-014
Ex. DUT-NC-015NCDOL OSH Division Memo COV 5A, 'Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)' (dated March 24, 2022, updating the…North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson)standingNorth Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), NCDOL OSH Division Memo COV 5A, 'Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)' (dated March 24, 2022, updating the Division's adoption of OSHA's memorandum of July 7, 2021, attached), with the attached federal memorandum (Mar. 24, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-015)/library/DUT-NC-015/exhibit/DUT-NC-015
Ex. DUT-NC-016NCDOL OSH Division Memo, 'Repeal - Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard on Occupational Exposure to COVID-19' (March 30, 2022)North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson)standingNorth Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Scott Mabry, Assistant Deputy Commissioner; Commissioner Josh Dobson), NCDOL OSH Division Memo, 'Repeal - Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard on Occupational Exposure to COVID-19' (March 30, 2022) (Mar. 30, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-016)/library/DUT-NC-016/exhibit/DUT-NC-016
Ex. DUT-NC-017Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022)Supreme Court of North CarolinastandingSupreme Court of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-017)/library/DUT-NC-017/exhibit/DUT-NC-017
Ex. DUT-NC-018Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., 2022-NCCOA-524, No. COA21-428 (N.C. Ct. App. Aug. 2, 2022)Court of Appeals of North CarolinastandingCourt of Appeals of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., 2022-NCCOA-524, No. COA21-428 (N.C. Ct. App. Aug. 2, 2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-018)/library/DUT-NC-018/exhibit/DUT-NC-018
Ex. DUT-NC-019North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024)Supreme Court of North CarolinastandingSupreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024) (Ex. DUT-NC-019)/library/DUT-NC-019/exhibit/DUT-NC-019
Ex. FED-001Proclamation 9994President Donald J. TrumpMar. 13, 2020President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)/library/FED-001/exhibit/FED-001
Ex. FED-006Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per…President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator)Mar. 13, 2020President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)/library/FED-006/exhibit/FED-006
Ex. FED-007Memorandum of January 21, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security)Jan. 21, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security), Memorandum of January 21, 2021 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-007)/library/FED-007/exhibit/FED-007
Ex. FED-008Memorandum of February 2, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator)Feb. 2, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)/library/FED-008/exhibit/FED-008
Ex. FED-009Memorandum of August 17, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Aug. 17, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Memorandum of August 17, 2021 (Aug. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-009)/library/FED-009/exhibit/FED-009
Ex. FED-010Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel CoronavirusAlex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human ServicesJan. 31, 2020Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)/library/FED-010/exhibit/FED-010
Ex. FED-015Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021)Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHSApr. 15, 2021Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021) (Apr. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-015)/library/FED-015/exhibit/FED-015
Ex. FED-016Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021)Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHSJuly 19, 2021Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-016)/library/FED-016/exhibit/FED-016
Ex. FED-020CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021)Jan. 29, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021), CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-020)/library/FED-020/exhibit/FED-020
Ex. FED-025CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSJune 24, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-025)/library/FED-025/exhibit/FED-025
Ex. FED-026CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSAug. 3, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-026)/library/FED-026/exhibit/FED-026
Ex. FED-031CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing OrderCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSOct. 30, 2020Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)/library/FED-031/exhibit/FED-031
Ex. FED-032Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations ManualCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSMay 5, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032)/library/FED-032/exhibit/FED-032
Ex. FED-034CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director)Mar. 20, 2020Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)/library/FED-034/exhibit/FED-034
Ex. FED-037CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSOct. 13, 2020Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-037)/library/FED-037/exhibit/FED-037
Ex. FED-038Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHSAug. 2, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-038)/library/FED-038/exhibit/FED-038
Ex. FED-042CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft…Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021)Jan. 25, 2021Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021), CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into the United States From Any Foreign Country (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-042)/library/FED-042/exhibit/FED-042
Ex. FED-051Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask RequirementsTransportation Security Administration, DHSApr. 30, 2021Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-051)/library/FED-051/exhibit/FED-051
Ex. FED-052Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask RequirementsTransportation Security Administration, DHSAug. 20, 2021Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-052)/library/FED-052/exhibit/FED-052
Ex. FED-053TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD…Transportation Security Administration, DHSJan. 31, 2021Transportation Security Administration, DHS, TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD 1542-21-01 (airports) (Jan. 31, 2021); ratification 86 Fed. Reg. 26825 (Ex. FED-053)/library/FED-053/exhibit/FED-053
Ex. FED-056Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01)Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight BoardApr. 20, 2021Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight Board, Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01) (Apr. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-056)/library/FED-056/exhibit/FED-056
Ex. FED-057Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021)Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. PekoskeJan. 27, 2021Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. Pekoske, Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021) (Ex. FED-057)/library/FED-057/exhibit/FED-057
Ex. FED-060Executive Order 13991President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Jan. 20, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060)/library/FED-060/exhibit/FED-060
Ex. FED-062Executive Order 13999President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Jan. 21, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13999 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-062)/library/FED-062/exhibit/FED-062
Ex. FED-063Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Sept. 9, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-063)/library/FED-063/exhibit/FED-063
Ex. FED-064Executive Order 14043President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Sept. 9, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14043 (Sept. 9, 2021) (Ex. FED-064)/library/FED-064/exhibit/FED-064
Ex. FED-070Executive Order 13909President Donald J. TrumpMar. 18, 2020President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)/library/FED-070/exhibit/FED-070
Ex. FED-071Executive Order 13910President Donald J. TrumpMar. 23, 2020President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071)/library/FED-071/exhibit/FED-071
Ex. FED-074Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention MeasuresSecretary of Health and Human ServicesMar. 25, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074)/library/FED-074/exhibit/FED-074
Ex. FED-080Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of LaborJune 21, 2021Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080)/library/FED-080/exhibit/FED-080
Ex. FED-081DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021)OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsJune 28, 2021OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021) (Ex. FED-081)/library/FED-081/exhibit/FED-081
Ex. FED-082DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021)OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsMar. 12, 2021OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-082)/library/FED-082/exhibit/FED-082
Ex. FED-083DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021)OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsJuly 7, 2021OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-083)/library/FED-083/exhibit/FED-083
Ex. FED-084Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021)OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees)July 7, 2021OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-084)/library/FED-084/exhibit/FED-084
Ex. FED-090CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with…Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHSMar. 30, 2020Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with comment period) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-090)/library/FED-090/exhibit/FED-090
Ex. FED-094CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NHCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHSMay 13, 2021Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (Ex. FED-094)/library/FED-094/exhibit/FED-094
Ex. FED-096CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupMar. 4, 2020CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)/library/FED-096/exhibit/FED-096
Ex. FED-098QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupMar. 10, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)/library/FED-098/exhibit/FED-098
Ex. FED-099CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupMar. 23, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)/library/FED-099/exhibit/FED-099
Ex. FED-100FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 29, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-100)/library/FED-100/exhibit/FED-100
Ex. FED-104FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 22, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104)/library/FED-104/exhibit/FED-104
Ex. FED-109FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 25, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-109)/library/FED-109/exhibit/FED-109
Ex. FED-113FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 26, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. FED-113)/library/FED-113/exhibit/FED-113
Ex. FED-115FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 23, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115)/library/FED-115/exhibit/FED-115
Ex. FED-118FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 24, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-118)/library/FED-118/exhibit/FED-118
Ex. FED-130FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 25, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-130)/library/FED-130/exhibit/FED-130
Ex. FED-132FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 20, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)/library/FED-132/exhibit/FED-132
Ex. FED-133FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 25, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-133)/library/FED-133/exhibit/FED-133
Ex. FED-143FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 25, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-143)/library/FED-143/exhibit/FED-143
Ex. FED-147FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Mar. 22, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147)/library/FED-147/exhibit/FED-147
Ex. FED-150FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic)President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)Apr. 11, 2020President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Apr. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-150)/library/FED-150/exhibit/FED-150
Ex. FED-156QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3)CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupApr. 27, 2021CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156)/library/FED-156/exhibit/FED-156
Ex. FED-160COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHSMar. 13, 2020Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)/library/FED-160/exhibit/FED-160
Ex. FED-161QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reportingCMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupMay 6, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reporting (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-161)/library/FED-161/exhibit/FED-161
Ex. FED-163CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NHCMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupMay 11, 2021CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (May 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-163)/library/FED-163/exhibit/FED-163
Ex. FED-165CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupJune 1, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-165)/library/FED-165/exhibit/FED-165
Ex. FED-166CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupAug. 17, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-166)/library/FED-166/exhibit/FED-166
Ex. FED-168CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through…CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight GroupAug. 26, 2020CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through Sept. 23, 2022) (Ex. FED-168)/library/FED-168/exhibit/FED-168
Ex. FED-180Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)Secretary of Health and Human ServicesMar. 10, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)/library/FED-180/exhibit/FED-180
Ex. FED-181Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for…Secretary of Health and Human ServicesFeb. 4, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)/library/FED-181/exhibit/FED-181
Ex. FED-182Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devicesSecretary of Health and Human ServicesMar. 2, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)/library/FED-182/exhibit/FED-182
Ex. FED-183Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devicesSecretary of Health and Human ServicesMar. 24, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-183)/library/FED-183/exhibit/FED-183
Ex. FED-184Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological productsSecretary of Health and Human ServicesMar. 27, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological products (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-184)/library/FED-184/exhibit/FED-184
Ex. FED-194Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health EmergencyHHS Office for Civil RightsMar. 17, 2020HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)/library/FED-194/exhibit/FED-194
Ex. FED-200Proclamation 9984President Donald J. TrumpJan. 31, 2020President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)/library/FED-200/exhibit/FED-200
Ex. FED-201Proclamation 9992President Donald J. TrumpFeb. 29, 2020President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)/library/FED-201/exhibit/FED-201
Ex. FED-207Proclamation 10143President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Jan. 25, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10143 (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-207)/library/FED-207/exhibit/FED-207
Ex. FED-208Proclamation 10199President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Apr. 30, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10199 (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-208)/library/FED-208/exhibit/FED-208
Ex. FED-209Proclamation 10294President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.Oct. 25, 2021President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10294 (Oct. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-209)/library/FED-209/exhibit/FED-209
Ex. FED-232Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021)DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)June 23, 2021DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-232)/library/FED-232/exhibit/FED-232
Ex. FED-235Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021)DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)Sept. 22, 2021DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-235)/library/FED-235/exhibit/FED-235
Ex. FED-255Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021)DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)June 23, 2021DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-255)/library/FED-255/exhibit/FED-255
Ex. FED-258Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021)DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)Sept. 22, 2021DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-258)/library/FED-258/exhibit/FED-258
Ex. FED-270Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task ForceJan. 24, 2021Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270)/library/FED-270/exhibit/FED-270
Ex. FED-271OMB Memorandum M-21-25Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services AdministrationJune 10, 2021Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, OMB Memorandum M-21-25 (June 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-271)/library/FED-271/exhibit/FED-271
Ex. FED-272COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masksSafer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMBJuly 29, 2021Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks (Ex. FED-272)/library/FED-272/exhibit/FED-272
Ex. FED-274Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMBSept. 24, 2021Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMB, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-274)/library/FED-274/exhibit/FED-274
Ex. FED-275Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021)Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young)Sept. 24, 2021Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young), Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021) (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-275)/library/FED-275/exhibit/FED-275
Ex. FED-278Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277)Aug. 6, 2021Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277), Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021 (Aug. 6, 2021) (Ex. FED-278)/library/FED-278/exhibit/FED-278
Ex. FED-280Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel RestrictionsSecretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin IIIMar. 15, 2021Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (Mar. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-280)/library/FED-280/exhibit/FED-280
Ex. FED-285Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078Chief Judge Philip S. GutierrezJune 1, 2020Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)/library/FED-285/exhibit/FED-285
Ex. FED-290Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)Mar. 12, 2020Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)/library/FED-290
Ex. FED-292Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)Supreme Court of the United StatesMar. 19, 2020Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)/library/FED-292/exhibit/FED-292
Ex. FED-297Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021)Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)May 26, 2021Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021) (Ex. FED-297)/library/FED-297/exhibit/FED-297
Ex. FED-298Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021)Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)Sept. 15, 2021Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-298)/library/FED-298/exhibit/FED-298
Ex. FED-299Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of CourthousesChief Judge Rebecca R. PallmeyerJuly 30, 2021Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-299)/library/FED-299/exhibit/FED-299
Ex. FED-300General Order 21-0033Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote)Sept. 20, 2021Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote), General Order 21-0033 (Sept. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-300)/library/FED-300/exhibit/FED-300
Ex. FED-301Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022Chief Judge Rebecca R. PallmeyerJune 21, 2021Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-301)/library/FED-301/exhibit/FED-301
Ex. FED-302Standing Order 20-13Chief Judge Freda L. WolfsonMay 22, 2020Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)/library/FED-302/exhibit/FED-302
Ex. FED-306Standing Order 21-04Chief Judge Freda L. WolfsonMar. 11, 2021Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-04 (Mar. 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-306)/library/FED-306/exhibit/FED-306
Ex. FED-307Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04Chief Judge Freda L. WolfsonSept. 3, 2021Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307)/library/FED-307/exhibit/FED-307
Ex. FED-308Standing Order 21-08Chief Judge Freda L. WolfsonSept. 13, 2021Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-08 (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. FED-308)/library/FED-308/exhibit/FED-308
Ex. FED-311Standing Order 2020-04Chief Judge James K. BredarMar. 16, 2020Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)/library/FED-311/exhibit/FED-311
Ex. FED-313Amended Standing Order 2021-07Chief Judge James K. BredarJune 23, 2021Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-313)/library/FED-313/exhibit/FED-313
Ex. FED-337General Order 78Chief Judge Richard SeeborgJune 23, 2021Chief Judge Richard Seeborg, General Order 78 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-337)/library/FED-337/exhibit/FED-337
Ex. FED-340CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video…Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020)Mar. 27, 2020Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)/library/FED-340/exhibit/FED-340
Ex. FED-342Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020…Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank SupervisorsApr. 7, 2020Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020; original Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-342)/library/FED-342/exhibit/FED-342
Ex. FED-344Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg.…Bureau of Consumer Financial ProtectionJune 25, 2021Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021) (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-344)/library/FED-344/exhibit/FED-344
Ex. FED-345Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020)President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education)Aug. 8, 2020President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education), Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020) (Aug. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-345)/library/FED-345/exhibit/FED-345
Ex. FED-354FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021)Federal Housing Finance AgencyJune 24, 2021Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-354)/library/FED-354/exhibit/FED-354
Ex. FED-355FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date)July 30, 2021Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date), FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021 (Ex. FED-355)/library/FED-355/exhibit/FED-355
Ex. FED-364Mortgagee Letter 2021-15HUD, Federal Housing AdministrationJune 25, 2021HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-364)/library/FED-364/exhibit/FED-364
Ex. FED-365Mortgagee Letter 2021-18HUD, Federal Housing AdministrationJuly 23, 2021HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-18 (July 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-365)/library/FED-365/exhibit/FED-365
Ex. FED-378Circular 26-21-10VA, Loan Guaranty ServiceJune 25, 2021VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-10 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-378)/library/FED-378/exhibit/FED-378
Ex. FED-379Circular 26-21-14VA, Loan Guaranty ServiceJuly 30, 2021VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-14 (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-379)/library/FED-379/exhibit/FED-379
Ex. FED-380Circular 26-21-20VA, Loan Guaranty ServiceSept. 29, 2021VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-380)/library/FED-380/exhibit/FED-380
Ex. FED-384USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021…USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021)June 24, 2021USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021; forbearance enrollment to Sept. 30, 2021) (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-384)/library/FED-384
Ex. FED-385USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021)USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021)July 30, 2021USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-385)/library/FED-385/exhibit/FED-385
Ex. FED-398H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health…U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020)May 15, 2020U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)/library/FED-398/exhibit/FED-398
Ex. LAW-001CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351)United States CongressMar. 27, 2020United States Congress, CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351) (Ex. LAW-001)/library/LAW-001/exhibit/LAW-001
Ex. LAW-002Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs.…United States CongressDec. 27, 2020United States Congress, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs. 206-207 at 134 Stat. 3059-3065) (Ex. LAW-002)/library/LAW-002/exhibit/LAW-002
Ex. LAW-003American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182)United States CongressMar. 11, 2021United States Congress, American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182) (Ex. LAW-003)/library/LAW-003/exhibit/LAW-003
Ex. LAW-004Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341)United States CongressNov. 15, 2021United States Congress, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341) (Ex. LAW-004)/library/LAW-004/exhibit/LAW-004
Ex. NC-001Executive Order No. 116Governor Roy CooperMar. 10, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 116 (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. NC-001)/library/NC-001/exhibit/NC-001
Ex. NC-005Executive Order No. 121Governor Roy CooperMar. 27, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 121 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. NC-005)/library/NC-005/exhibit/NC-005
Ex. NC-007Executive Order No. 130Governor Roy CooperApr. 8, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 130 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. NC-007)/library/NC-007/exhibit/NC-007
Ex. NC-010Executive Order No. 138Governor Roy CooperMay 5, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 138 (May 5, 2020) (Ex. NC-010)/library/NC-010/exhibit/NC-010
Ex. NC-011Executive Order No. 141Governor Roy CooperMay 20, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 141 (May 20, 2020) (Ex. NC-011)/library/NC-011/exhibit/NC-011
Ex. NC-013Executive Order No. 147Governor Roy CooperJune 24, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 147 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. NC-013)/library/NC-013/exhibit/NC-013
Ex. NC-027Executive Order No. 204Governor Roy CooperMar. 23, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 204 (Mar. 23, 2021) (Ex. NC-027)/library/NC-027/exhibit/NC-027
Ex. NC-029Executive Order No. 215Governor Roy CooperMay 14, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 215 (May 14, 2021) (Ex. NC-029)/library/NC-029/exhibit/NC-029
Ex. NC-030Executive Order No. 220Governor Roy CooperJune 11, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 220 (June 11, 2021) (Ex. NC-030)/library/NC-030/exhibit/NC-030
Ex. NC-031Executive Order No. 224Governor Roy CooperJuly 29, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 224 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. NC-031)/library/NC-031/exhibit/NC-031
Ex. NC-032S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10General Assembly of North CarolinaAug. 30, 2021General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10 (Aug. 30, 2021) (Ex. NC-032)/library/NC-032/exhibit/NC-032
Ex. NC-034S.L. 2020-3, secs. 2.10, 2.11, 4.7General Assembly of North CarolinaMay 4, 2020General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2020-3, secs. 2.10, 2.11, 4.7 (May 4, 2020) (Ex. NC-034)/library/NC-034/exhibit/NC-034
Ex. NC-039Executive Order No. 119Governor Roy CooperMar. 20, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 119 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. NC-039)/library/NC-039/exhibit/NC-039
Ex. NC-041Executive Order No. 139Governor Roy CooperMay 12, 2020Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 139 (May 12, 2020) (Ex. NC-041)/library/NC-041/exhibit/NC-041
Ex. NC-058Executive Order No. 229Governor Roy CooperAug. 31, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 229 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. NC-058)/library/NC-058/exhibit/NC-058
Ex. NC-059Executive Order No. 232Governor Roy CooperSept. 2, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 232 (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. NC-059)/library/NC-059/exhibit/NC-059
Ex. NC-060Executive Order No. 234Governor Roy CooperSept. 24, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 234 (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. NC-060)/library/NC-060/exhibit/NC-060
Ex. NC-061Executive Order No. 236Governor Roy CooperOct. 4, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 236 (Oct. 4, 2021) (Ex. NC-061)/library/NC-061/exhibit/NC-061
Ex. NC-065Executive Order No. 211Governor Roy CooperMay 10, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 211 (May 10, 2021) (Ex. NC-065)/library/NC-065/exhibit/NC-065
Ex. NC-066Executive Order No. 230Governor Roy CooperAug. 31, 2021Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 230 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. NC-066)/library/NC-066/exhibit/NC-066
Ex. NC-071S.L. 2021-47 (G.S. 7A-49.6)General Assembly of North CarolinaJune 18, 2021General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2021-47 (G.S. 7A-49.6) (June 18, 2021) (Ex. NC-071)/library/NC-071/exhibit/NC-071
Ex. NC-072StrongSchoolsNC Public Health Toolkit (K-12), Interim Guidance, published June 2020, updated July 21 and August 10, 2021North Carolina Department of Health and Human ServicesAug. 10, 2021North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, StrongSchoolsNC Public Health Toolkit (K-12), Interim Guidance, published June 2020, updated July 21 and August 10, 2021 (Aug. 10, 2021) (Ex. NC-072)/library/NC-072/exhibit/NC-072
Ex. NC-073NCDHHS Secretarial Orders on long-term care facility visitation and testing (including Secretarial Order No. 3, September 4, 2020)Secretary of Health and Human Services Mandy CohenSept. 4, 2020Secretary of Health and Human Services Mandy Cohen, NCDHHS Secretarial Orders on long-term care facility visitation and testing (including Secretarial Order No. 3, September 4, 2020) (Sept. 4, 2020) (Ex. NC-073)/library/NC-073
Ex. TX-004Executive Order GA-09Governor Greg AbbottMar. 22, 2020Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-09 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. TX-004)/library/TX-004/exhibit/TX-004

8. How to use this report

Keep this report with your payroll records and the other records that support your claim. The Notice itself describes what those records are. Q&A-70 says an employer "will adequately substantiate eligibility for the employee retention credit if the employer creates and maintains records that include," among other things, "any governmental order to suspend the employer's business operations" and "any records the employer relied upon to determine whether more than a nominal portion of its operations were suspended due to a governmental order or whether a governmental order had more than a nominal effect on its business operations" (Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, Q&A-70, at 944-45). Q&A-71 says to keep those records "for at least 4 years after the date the tax becomes due or is paid, whichever comes later" (Q&A-71, at 945). This report is the first of those two items for your selection, and it is meant to sit beside the second.

If you have received a letter from the Service saying that no government orders were in effect during the quarter you claimed, this report answers that sentence with the public record, order by order. Read the quarter you claimed. For each instrument, the report gives you the issuer, the number, the dates, the words that commanded the change, the penalty behind them and the exhibit. Those are facts about the public record, and anyone can check them against the register, the code or the docket the report cites. The Service is free to argue about how much a given order affected your business. Whether the orders existed is not a matter of opinion.

Three points of public law matter to anyone holding such a letter. First, a notice that turns down a refund claim starts a clock. Under section 6532(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, a refund suit cannot be brought "after the expiration of 2 years from the date of mailing by certified mail or registered mail by the Secretary to the taxpayer of a notice of the disallowance of the part of the claim to which the suit or proceeding relates." Second, asking the IRS Independent Office of Appeals to review the letter does not stop that clock; the Service's own page on the letter says so ("Requesting an appeal doesn't extend this time"), and section 6532(a)(4) provides that the Service's later consideration of the claim does not extend the period. Third, the period can be extended only by a written agreement between you and the Service under section 6532(a)(2), made on Form 907, Agreement to Extend the Time to Bring Suit, and effective only if the Service signs it before the two years run out.

The COVID Project does not give legal advice, and this report is not a substitute for it. Take it to your accountant, your enrolled agent or your lawyer. The dates above are public law, and the decisions they call for are yours and your adviser's to make.

Printed from covidproject.com/report?state=NC&quarters=2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1 on Sept. 30, 2026. The COVID Project is a free public reference and this report is not legal advice.