Eligibility report

Governmental Orders Record and Eligibility Analysis

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. 549 instruments cited; 530 exhibit files held. Not legal advice.

The COVID Projectcovidproject.com/report?industry=27&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1

1. About this report

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. Selection: industry Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges. Quarters: second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020), third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020), fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020), first quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021), second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021) and third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021). Options: the federal layer, agencies and boards, standing duties, group meetings and trade shows and the Service's fourteen sentences answered.

This report is a record of the governmental orders and related instruments that The COVID Project has retrieved, verified and indexed for the State, metropolitan area, industry and calendar quarters selected. Each instrument appears with its issuer, its number and title, its dates, the quarters in which it was in force, the functions of a business it reached, its operative words, its enforcement provision, a citation and an exhibit identifier. Every exhibit identifier resolves to the instrument's record at covidproject.com/library, and to the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit.

The report is assembled from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings, and it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It lists the instruments The COVID Project has verified and no others, so every count in it is a floor. It is not a filing, and it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit.

The report reproduces at covidproject.com/report?industry=27&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1. Every exhibit identifier in it resolves at covidproject.com/library/ followed by the identifier, and the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit/ followed by the identifier.

Disclaimer

The COVID Project is a free public reference. This report is generated from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings that The COVID Project has retrieved and indexed; it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It is not legal, tax or accounting advice, it does not create any professional relationship, it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit or the amount of any credit, and it is not a count of every order that existed. The COVID Project sells nothing and represents no one. Errors in any record can be reported through covidproject.com/contact with the exhibit identifier, and corrections are recorded with their dates.

2. Summary of findings

For each quarter selected, this section states what was in force for this selection on the quarter's first and last days, in the words of the Library's own quarter-by-quarter record for the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators and the federal layer. Exhibit identifiers in parentheses name the instruments. The table that follows counts the instruments listed in section 5 by layer and quarter.

The federal layer of this report is the Library's two federal files: FED-A, the health, safety and transport layer, and FED-B, the commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, including the orders of the federal courts those files hold. The ecosystem clusters and the federal agency clusters are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal and are not part of this report's federal layer; a quarter page counts every federal-level instrument of the quarter across those clusters as well, so its figure is the larger of the two.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Apr. 1, 2020): Apr. 1, 2020: in-person instruction prohibited or confined to distance learning at every college and university in every State by the higher-education orders (WA-008; OR-059; NJ-002, NJ-004; VA-006; GA-003, GA-008; AL-005; SC-002; WY-004; LA-004; CO-012; MN-010), by the stay-home orders' educational-institution clauses (IL-005; OH-011; MI-011; IN-006; WI-002; TN-007; NC-005; NM-006; AZ-010; NV-012; HI-004; KS-009; MT-009; ID-003; ME-011; NH-009; VT-010; DE-005; MD-007; DC-006; KY-010; MO-004 from Apr. 6; PA-002 to PA-006; NY-002; MA-008; CT-007; RI-009), and by system directives (SEC-27-007; AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027, -051, -034, -028, -045, -060; SEC-27-008); residence halls emptied; commencements cancelled; SEVP online flexibility (SEC-15-004); Proclamations 9984-9996 on entry; visa services suspended (AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (June 30, 2020): June 30, 2020: campuses remote for the summer term; conditional restart orders issued but not yet effective (NJ-024 from July 1; WA-038 from Aug. 1; OR-021 from June 14; NY-031 and NY-112 Phase Four from June 26 in five regions; MN-019 to May 31 then EO 20-63; SC-024 continued campus restrictions; CO-019 to June 1); travel quarantines on arriving students in NY, NJ, CT (June 24-25), ME, VT, HI, KS, FL (to Aug. 5); Proclamation 10052 from June 24 (J-1, H-1B) and 10043 from June 1

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2020): Apr. 1, 2020: national emergency (FED-001), nationwide Stafford emergency (FED-006) and major disasters declared for 28 States and the District of Columbia on or before Apr. 1, 2020 (29 of 51 jurisdictions; No Sail Order (FED-027); Title 42 order (FED-034, FED-039); DPA EOs 13909-13911 and scarce-materials designation (FED-070 to FED-074); FFCRA leave mandate operational (FED-170, FED-171); CMS-1744-IFC (FED-090), QSO-20-13, -14, -18, -12, -20 (FED-096 to FED-099, FED-164); § 1135 blanket waivers (FED-160); HHS telehealth enforcement discretion (FED-194); 30 Days to Slow the Spread guidance (FED-191, context); CMS elective-procedure recommendations (FED-158, context).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (June 30, 2020): June 30, 2020: all of the above plus FEMA PPE export rule (FED-075, from Apr. 7) with exemptions (FED-076); EO 13917 meat and poultry (FED-073); No Sail extension (FED-028); Title 42 amended and indefinite (FED-036); CMS-5531-IFC weekly nursing-home reporting (FED-091, FED-161); QSO-20-30-NH reopening recommendations (FED-157); QSO-20-31-All (FED-165); Opening Up America Again guidance (FED-192, context); PHE renewed Apr. 26 (FED-011).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2020): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996 (Exs. FED-200 to FED-203); DHS land-border closures to non-essential travel, Canada and Mexico (Exs. FED-216, FED-239, through Apr. 20, then FED-217, FED-240); OMB M-20-16 maximum telework and curtailment of in-person federal functions (Ex. FED-264) and M-20-18 contractor telework (FED-266); DoD stop-movement (Exs. FED-281, then FED-282 from Apr. 20); DOS suspension of routine visa services (FED-327) and the H-2 interview-waiver regime (FED-319); USCIS offices closed (FED-324); Interior on telework (FED-386); national parks, BLM sites, Hoover Dam, USACE areas and the Smithsonian closed (FED-387 to FED-393); Supreme Court closed to the public with the March session postponed (FED-290 to FED-292); Judicial Conference CARES Act finding (FED-295); jury trials suspended in N.D. Cal. (FED-317), N.D. Ill. (FED-338), D. Md. (FED-312), N.D. Ga. (FED-316 recites GO 20-01 of Mar. 16), C.D. Cal. courthouses closed (FED-284), Ninth Circuit courthouses closed (FED-279), Fifth Circuit (FED-286); CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 statutory moratoria (FED-340); FHFA, HUD and VA 60-day moratoria from Mar. 18 (FED-346, FED-356, FED-368, FED-369); interagency loan-modification statement (FED-342); 15/30 Days to Slow the Spread guidance (FED-396).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (June 30, 2020): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996, 10041 (from May 26), 10014 (from Apr. 23) and 10052 (from June 24) (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210, FED-211); DHS land-border notifications of June 24, 2020 through July 21 (FED-219, FED-242); OMB/OPM M-20-23 gating period with maximum telework (FED-268); DoD conditions-based travel restrictions (FED-283); DOS routine visa services still suspended (FED-327; resumption began July 15); USCIS reopened June 4 under mask and screening conditions (FED-325); premium processing resumed June 1 (FED-326); H-2A temporary rule (FED-320) and H-2B rule (FED-321); N.D. Cal. General Order 72-4 (no new civil jury trials through Sept. 30, 2020) and General Orders 73, 75, 77 (FED-331, FED-334 to FED-336); N.D. Ill. Fourth Amended GO 20-0012 (May 26, 2020) and the D. Colo., D.N.J., D. Md. and N.D. Ga. continuances (FED-288, FED-302, FED-316); C.D. Cal. face-covering order (FED-285); FHFA, HUD and VA moratoria extended to Aug. 31, 2020 on June 17-18 (FED-348, FED-359, FED-371, FED-372); CARES Act § 4024 eviction moratorium (to July 24) and § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); CFPB interim final rule effective July 1 (FED-343); H.Res. 965 proxy voting (FED-398).

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (July 1, 2020): July 1, 2020: NJ-024 permits only labs and clinical instruction; WA campuses under 20-25 with 20-12.1 conditions pending Aug. 1; OR-021 minimum standards; NY-112 plans required; MN in-person only under EO 20-74 and MDH guidance; VA-014 Phase Three conditions; CA counties on the monitoring list; SEVP July 6 rule (rescinded July 14; SEC-15-005); travel quarantines NY/NJ/CT, MA (Order 45 from Aug. 1), VT, ME, HI, KS, NM (EO 2020-054 July 1), Chicago (July 6), DC (July 27)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Sept. 30, 2020): Sept. 30, 2020: fall terms open under State conditions (WA-038; OR-021; NY-112 with EO 202.61 daily reporting, NY-050; NJ-032; MN-029; CA AGY-009 Blueprint; VA-014; MA Phase III; CT sector rules; RI; UT-020; MS-036 stadiums 25 percent; MET-DEN-037 Denver IHE order Sept. 22; MET-DEN-100 Boulder 18-22 order Sept. 24; IA-023 bar closures in university counties Aug. 27-Oct. 5; IA-064, IN-085, OK-085, MS-070, NH-077 college-town orders); Big Ten and other seasons postponed (context)

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (July 1, 2020): July 1, 2020: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-011); No Sail (FED-028, then FED-029 from July 16); Title 42 (FED-036); FEMA PPE export rule (FED-075/076); DPA orders; FFCRA mandate and 29 C.F.R. part 826 (FED-170/171); CMS rules FED-090, FED-091 and QSOs; § 1135 waivers; EO 13945 from Aug. 8 (FED-066).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2020): Sept. 30, 2020: PHE renewed July 25 (FED-012); No Sail third extension (FED-030); Title 42 (FED-036); FEMA PPE rule as extended Aug. 10 (FED-077); CDC eviction moratorium from Sept. 4 (FED-022); CMS-3401-IFC nursing-home testing from Sept. 2 (FED-092) with QSO-20-38-NH (FED-168); QSO-20-39-NH visitation from Sept. 17 (FED-154); revised FFCRA rule from Sept. 16 (FED-172); QSO-20-35-ALL (FED-166).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (July 1, 2020): In force: all seven entry proclamations (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210 to FED-212); DHS land-border notifications of June 24 (to July 21) then July 22, Aug. 21 and Sept. 23, 2020 (FED-219 to FED-222, FED-242 to FED-245); M-20-23 maximum telework at agency discretion (FED-268); DoD conditions-based travel restrictions and the June 29, 2020 update (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-4 (civil jury trials through Sept. 30, 2020; limited criminal trials from July 1) (FED-331); N.D. Ill. Fifth Amended GO 20-0012 (July 10) (FED-338 series); N.D. Ga. GO 20-01 Fourth Amendment (no jury trials through July 31) (FED-316); D. Colo. GO 2020-8 (trials continued through July 6) (FED-288); D.N.J. and D. Md. continuances; C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA/HUD/VA moratoria to Aug. 31 (FED-348, FED-359, FED-371, FED-372); CARES § 4024 to July 24 (FED-340); DOS phased resumption from July 15 (FED-328); USDA Service Centers by phone appointment (FED-391); USACE areas reopening location by location (FED-393).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations; DHS notification of Sept. 23, 2020 (to Oct. 21) (FED-222, FED-245); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (Sept. 16: courthouses closed to public events; remote appearances) (FED-333); N.D. Ill. Sixth Amended GO 20-0012 (Sept. 4); FHFA moratoria to Dec. 31 (Aug. 27) (FED-349), HUD ML 2020-27 (Aug. 27) (FED-360), VA Circulars 26-20-29 and 26-20-30 (Aug. 24) (FED-373, FED-374); EO 13945 (FED-A) and the student-loan payment relief memorandum (Aug. 8) (FED-345); H-2A partial extension (Aug. 20) (FED-322); the CDC eviction order (FED-A) from Sept. 4.

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Oct. 1, 2020): Oct. 1, 2020: fall conditions as at Sept. 30; MET-DEN-037 revised Oct. 16; WA-046 (Oct. 20) winter conditions; travel quarantines continuing (NY-006 205.1 Sept. 28; CT-028; MA-025; PA-021 from Nov. 20)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Dec. 31, 2020): Dec. 31, 2020: Michigan colleges remote Nov. 18-Dec. 20 and gatherings prohibited to Jan. 15 (MI-060 to MI-062); Philadelphia colleges online from Nov. 20 (MET-PHL-010); Utah EO 2020-73 and UPHO 2020-25/-27 (statewide masks; IHE weekly student testing from Jan. 1, 2021) (UT-029 to UT-034); Oregon freeze and risk framework with higher education under EO 20-28 (OR-033, OR-035); New Mexico reset Nov. 16-30; Colorado Level Red; Illinois Tier 3; California Regional Stay at Home (CA-020); Vermont single-household gatherings and returning-student quarantine (VT-034, VT-080); DC high-contact sports ban (DC-080); Maryland traveler testing (MD-050); Washington travel quarantine (WA-054); Kentucky, Minnesota and Ohio curfews and caps; Proclamation 10131 continuing 10014/10052 to Mar. 31, 2021

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Oct. 1, 2020): Oct. 1, 2020: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-012; renewed Oct. 23, FED-013); No Sail (FED-030) to Oct. 31 then Conditional Sailing Order from Oct. 30 (FED-031); Title 42 order of Oct. 13 (FED-037) under the final rule (FED-048); FEMA PPE rule (FED-077); CDC eviction moratorium (FED-022); FFCRA mandate (to Dec. 31); CMS-3401-IFC testing; CMS-9912-IFC from Nov. 2 (FED-093); DPA orders.

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Dec. 31, 2020): Dec. 31, 2020: all of the above; FEMA PPE rule re-extended Dec. 31 to June 30, 2021 (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium extended by Pub. L. 116-260 § 502 to Jan. 31, 2021 (FED-173); UK pre-departure testing order from Dec. 28 (FED-040); FFCRA leave mandate expires this day (FED-170); Pfizer and Moderna EUAs Dec. 11 and 18 (FED-185, FED-186, context).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Oct. 1, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations; DHS notification of Sept. 23 (to Oct. 21), then Oct. 22, Nov. 23 and Dec. 22, 2020 (FED-222 to FED-225, FED-245 to FED-248); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD Oct. 5, 2020 conditions-based update (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and GO 73 (FED-333, FED-334); N.D. Ill. Sixth Amended GO 20-0012; D.N.J. Standing Orders 20-12 (extended Sept. 2020), 20-13, 20-14, 20-16 (FED-302); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA/HUD/VA moratoria to Dec. 31, 2020 (FED-349, FED-360, FED-373, FED-374); CARES § 4022 forbearance (FED-340).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Dec. 31, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations, with Proclamation 10131 (Dec. 31) extending 10014 and 10052 to Mar. 31, 2021 (FED-213); DHS notification of Dec. 22, 2020 (to Jan. 21, 2021) (FED-225, FED-248); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Ill. Eighth Amended GO 20-0012 (Nov. 13: all jury trials suspended until further order) (FED-339); D.N.J. Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25: all in-person proceedings suspended through Jan. 31, 2021) and the Third Extension of SO 20-12 (Dec. 17) (FED-303, FED-304); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (FED-333); FHFA moratoria to Jan. 31, 2021 (Dec. 2) (FED-350); HUD ML 2020-43 to Feb. 28, 2021 (Dec. 17) (FED-361); VA Circular 26-20-40 to Feb. 28, 2021 (Dec. 28) (FED-375); USDA extension (FED-382); H-2A extension (Dec. 18) (FED-323).

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Jan. 1, 2021): Jan. 1, 2021: Utah weekly testing of residential and in-person students takes effect (UT-029; AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-046); Rhode Island EO 21-04 (Jan. 14) conditions in-person learning on surveillance testing (RI-033); Michigan gatherings order to Jan. 31 (MI-063); West Virginia EO 2-21 (higher-ed teams excepted from the sports pause) (WV-056); Oregon, Washington, California, Colorado, Illinois, New Mexico frameworks; travel quarantines NY (to Apr. 1), CT, MA, PA (to Mar. 1), KS, HI, VT

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Mar. 31, 2021): Mar. 31, 2021: Proclamation 10052 expires; NY EO 205 quarantine ends Apr. 1; Texas GA-34 (Mar. 10) ends general restrictions but not campus policies; Utah UPHO 2021-9 (UT-039) and SB 107 (Mar. 24: 75 percent in-person courses for fall 2021) (UT-046); Kentucky SB 1 (Feb. 2) limits orders on postsecondary institutions (KY-041); Oregon EO 20-28, Washington 20-12.2, New York NY-112, New Jersey campus distancing (NJ-024), Virginia EO 72 (VA-016), Rhode Island EO 21-23 in force

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Jan. 1, 2021): Jan. 1, 2021: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-013; renewed Jan. 21, FED-014); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 (FED-037); FEMA PPE rule (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium (statutory extension, then FED-023 from Jan. 31); UK testing order (FED-040); CMS rules and testing; DPA orders. FFCRA mandate no longer in force (voluntary credits only, FED-173).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Mar. 31, 2021): Mar. 31, 2021: all of the above plus EO 13991 (Jan. 20, FED-060), EO 13998 and 13999 (Jan. 21, FED-061, FED-062); global inbound testing order from Jan. 26 (FED-041/042); DHS transportation emergency determination Jan. 27 (FED-057); CDC conveyance mask order from Feb. 1 (FED-020) and TSA SDs from Feb. 1 (FED-050, FED-053 to FED-055); national emergency continued Feb. 24 (FED-002); Janssen EUA Feb. 27 (FED-187, context); OSHA NEP from Mar. 12 (FED-082); QSO-20-39-NH rev. Mar. 10 (FED-155); ARPA enacted Mar. 11 (FED-174); CDC eviction moratorium extended Mar. 29 to June 30 (FED-024).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Jan. 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996, 10041, 10014, 10052 (as extended by 10131) (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210 to FED-213); DHS notification of Dec. 22, 2020 (FED-225, FED-248), corrected Jan. 19 and renewed Jan. 19 (to Feb. 21), Feb. 23 (to Mar. 21) and Mar. 19, 2021 (to Apr. 21) (FED-226 to FED-229, FED-249 to FED-252); M-20-23 (FED-268) until EO 13991 (Jan. 20) and M-21-15 (Jan. 24: 25 percent occupancy cap, masks, visitor minimization, mission-critical travel only) (FED-270); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Ill. Eighth then Ninth (Jan. 12) and Tenth Amended GO 20-0012 (Feb. 12: jury trials suspended until Apr. 5, 2021) (FED-339, FED-296); D.N.J. SO 21-02 (January: in-person proceedings suspended to Mar. 17, jury trials to Mar. 12) and SO 21-04 (Mar. 11: jury trials continued to June 1, 2021) (FED-305, FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (FED-333); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA moratoria to Jan. 31 then Feb. 28 (Jan. 19), Mar. 31 (Feb. 9) and June 30, 2021 (Feb. 25) (FED-350 to FED-353); HUD ML 2021-03 (Jan. 21: to Mar. 31) and 2021-05 (Feb. 16: to June 30) (FED-362, FED-363); VA Circulars 26-21-2 (Jan. 29: to Mar. 31) and 26-21-5 (Feb. 16: to June 30) (FED-376, FED-377); USDA extensions (FED-382).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Mar. 31, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992 and 10143 (from Jan. 26, with South Africa from Jan. 30) (FED-207); Proclamation 10052 expired at the end of this day (FED-211); Proclamation 10014 revoked Feb. 24 (FED-214); DHS notification of Mar. 19, 2021 (to Apr. 21) (FED-229, FED-252); EO 13991 and M-21-15 (FED-270); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 memorandum (until further notice) (FED-280); N.D. Ill. Tenth Amended GO 20-0012 (jury trials suspended until Apr. 5) (FED-296); D.N.J. SO 21-04 (jury trials continued to June 1) (FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and 73 (FED-333, FED-334); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA, HUD and VA moratoria to June 30, 2021 (FED-353, FED-363, FED-377); H-2A flexibilities (FED-323).

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Apr. 1, 2021): Apr. 1, 2021: campus conditions in WA, OR, NY, NJ, VA, RI, MN, CA, IL, NM, MA, CT, UT (UPHO 2021-10, UT-042); Idaho EO 2021-04 (Apr. 7) and Arkansas Act 977 (Apr. 28) bar State-entity vaccination requirements (ID-028, AR-033)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (June 30, 2021): June 30, 2021: OR-021 rescinded as of June 30 (OR-043); NY-112 ended June 25 (NY-049); NJ campus distancing lifted May 28 (NJ-050); VA-029 (May 28); CA-029 (June 15); IL-037 (June 11); MA Order 69 (May 29); Utah UPHO 2021-11 (May 4); Washington 20-12.3 signed June 30 for July 1 (WA-071); the prohibitory instruments enacted: AZ-043 (June 15), GA-036 (May 25), AL-078 (May 17-24), IA-047 (May 20), MT-072 (May 7), OK-043 (May 28; eff. July 1), TX-030/-031/-032 (Apr. 5, May 18, June 16), UT-045 (May 28), SC-045 (June 30; eff. July 1), FL-030 (May 3; eff. July 1), ND-082 (May 7), TN-065 (June 2); Cal/OSHA ETS readopted June 17 (CA-024)

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2021): Apr. 1, 2021: national emergency (FED-002), Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-014; renewed Apr. 21, FED-015); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SDs (FED-050 series); inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 (FED-037); FEMA PPE rule (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium (FED-024); EO 13991; OSHA NEP (FED-082); CMS testing and reporting rules; DPA orders.

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (June 30, 2021): June 30, 2021: all of the above plus TSOB ratification Apr. 20 (FED-056); TSA SD -01A from May 12 (FED-051); QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27 (FED-156); CSO Technical Instructions (FED-032); CMS-3414-IFC from May 21 (FED-094) with QSO-21-19-NH (FED-163); OSHA Healthcare ETS effective June 21 (FED-080) with DIR 2021-02 from June 28 (FED-081); CDC eviction moratorium extended June 24 to July 31 (FED-025). FEMA PPE export rule expires this day (FED-078/079).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143 (FED-200, FED-201, FED-207); DHS notification of Mar. 19 (to Apr. 21), then Apr. 22 (to May 21), May 24 (to June 21) and June 23, 2021 (to July 21) (FED-229 to FED-232, FED-252 to FED-255); EO 13991 and M-21-15 occupancy cap and masks until June 10 (FED-270); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 restrictions (FED-280); N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 (Feb. 17, 2021) plan for resumption of jury trials, amended May 26 with vaccination-or-testing conditions (FED-297); D.N.J. SO 21-04 (jury trials to June 1) (FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and 73 (FED-333, FED-334); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA moratoria to June 30, 2021 (FED-353, FED-363, FED-377, FED-382).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (June 30, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143 and 10199 (India, from May 4) (FED-207, FED-208); DHS notification of June 23, 2021 (to July 21) (FED-232, FED-255); EO 13991 with M-21-25 (June 10: occupancy cap lifted; reentry plans due July 19; 30 days' notice) (FED-271); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 restrictions (FED-280); N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 as amended May 26 and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (June 21: video criminal proceedings to Oct. 4, 2021) (FED-297, FED-301); D. Md. Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (effective July 1) (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 (June 23, effective July 1) (FED-337); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); D.N.J. SO 20-13 masks and 21-04 as amended (FED-302, FED-307); FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA moratoria extended June 24-25 to July 31, 2021 (FED-354, FED-364, FED-378, FED-384); HUD and VA forbearance windows to Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-364, FED-378); CFPB final rule issued June 28 (effective Aug. 31) (FED-344).

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (July 1, 2021): July 1, 2021: WA-071 (IHEs without fully vaccinated campuses prohibited from in-person instruction unless vaccination verification, masking and other conditions met); FL-030 sec. 381.00316 and SC-045 effective; OK-043 effective; AZ-043, GA-036, AL-078, AR-033, IA-047, ID-028, MT-072, ND-082, TX-030/-032 in force; UT-045, UT-046; CA-024 Cal/OSHA ETS; IN-092 control measures; KS-056 quarantine mandate; HI-031 Safe Travels; NC EO 220 face-covering settings to July 30; MN peacetime emergency to July 1; FED-020 conveyance order; FED-080 Healthcare ETS; ECO-A-005 to -008 entry proclamations; AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-012, -061, -073, -074

Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Sept. 30, 2021): Sept. 30, 2021: in force: WA-074, WA-079 (all higher-education workers vaccinated by Oct. 18; no test-out), WA-081, WA-102; IL-042/IL-043 (higher-education personnel and students vaccinated or tested; indoor masks from Aug. 30); NV-041 and NV-055 (enrollment from Nov. 1 conditioned on vaccination); MN-044 (Minnesota State employees from Sept. 8); VA-045 (Sept. 1) and VA-038 (Sept. 8); MA-068 (Oct. 17 deadline); LA-036/-038/-040 indoor masks; OR-048 statewide indoor masks; NM-068; NY-071/-071-B/-073; MET-PHL-021 (higher-education vaccination by Oct. 15); MET-DFW-030/-031, MET-AUS-025/-051/-053/-054 (masks at public colleges); MET-DEN-023; MET-SEA; SEC-27-001 (UC), SEC-27-011 (CUNY; deadline Oct. 7), IN-094 (IU), AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035 (CSU; Sept. 30 compliance); KS-096, ND-083, WY-060/-061, MET-MSP-062, MET-CMH-N10 campus masks; TX-036/-037 (GA-39 Aug. 25), FL-030, GA-036, AL-078, AR-033, IA-047, ID-028, MT-072, OH-064 (enacted), UT-045/-046, ND-082, NH-068, KY-057 (Sept. 9), SC-045 as construed (SC-040), OK-043 (enjoined in part Sept. 1); AZ-043 rescinded Sept. 29; FED-063/FED-064 (Sept. 9) with FED-274 (Sept. 24); FED-020; FED-080; ECO-A-005 to -008; KS-057; HI-031; MET-CHI-032

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (July 1, 2021): July 1, 2021: national emergency (FED-001/002), nationwide Stafford emergency and all 51 major disasters (FED-006, FED-100 to FED-150), PHE (FED-015); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A and aviation successors (FED-051, FED-053 to FED-056); inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order and Technical Instructions (FED-031/032); Title 42 order of Oct. 13, 2020 (FED-037); CDC eviction moratorium to July 31 (FED-025); EO 13991, 13998, 13999 (FED-060 to FED-062); DHS transportation emergency (FED-057); DPA delegations and scarce-materials designation (FED-070 to FED-074); OSHA Healthcare ETS with compliance due July 6 and July 21 (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), NEP DIR 2021-01 (FED-082, to July 7); CMS-1744/5531/3401/9912/3414-IFC (FED-090 to FED-094), QSO-20-38-NH (FED-168), QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27, 2021 (FED-156), QSO-21-19-NH (FED-163), QSO-20-13, -18, -20, -29, -31, -35 (FED-096, FED-098, FED-099, FED-161, FED-165, FED-166); § 1135 blanket waivers (FED-160); PREP Act and § 564 declarations (FED-180 to FED-184); HHS telehealth enforcement discretion (FED-194); FEMA 100 percent cost-share memoranda (FED-007/008).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): Sept. 30, 2021: national emergency and Stafford declarations; PHE renewed July 20 (FED-016); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01B from Sept. 14 (FED-052) with aviation successors; inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 reassessment order of Aug. 2 (FED-038); EO 13991, 13998, 13999; EO 14042 and 14043 signed Sept. 9 (FED-063, FED-064; no private-contractor obligation before Oct. 15, 2021); DHS transportation emergency; DPA delegations; OSHA Healthcare ETS in full effect (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), revised NEP DIR 2021-03 from July 7 (FED-083), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan (FED-084); CMS rules FED-090 to FED-094, FED-160, FED-168, FED-156, FED-163; presidential memorandum of Aug. 17 (FED-009); telehealth discretion (FED-194). Not in force on this day: the CDC eviction moratorium (ended July 31; successor Aug. 3-26, FED-026), the FEMA PPE export rule (expired June 30), the FFCRA mandate (ended Dec. 31, 2020), the OSHA vaccination-or-testing ETS and CMS staff vaccination rule (issued Nov. 5, 2021), the CDC orders of Oct. 25, 2021.

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (July 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (FED-200, FED-201, FED-207, FED-208); DHS land-border notification of June 23, 2021 (non-essential travel prohibited; to July 21) (FED-232, FED-255); EO 13991, M-21-15 (other than occupancy) and M-21-25 reentry planning (FED-270, FED-271); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 (amended May 26) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (FED-297, FED-301); D.N.J. SO 20-13 (masks) and SO 21-04 as amended (FED-302, FED-306); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 (masks) (FED-285); finance: FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA foreclosure and eviction moratoria through July 31, 2021 (FED-354, FED-364, FED-378, FED-384); CARES Act § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-364, FED-378); interagency loan-modification statement and CARES § 4013 relief (FED-342); student-loan payment pause (FED-345); H.Res. 965 (FED-398).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (revoked only on Nov. 8, 2021) (FED-209); DHS land-border notification of Sept. 22, 2021 (to Oct. 21; non-essential travel still prohibited) (FED-235, FED-258); EO 13991 with the Task Force Model Safety Principles of July 29, 2021 (masks regardless of vaccination status in substantial/high-transmission areas; vaccination attestation; visitor vaccination-status disclosure; agency-head approval for events over 50) (FED-272), the Certification of Vaccination form (FED-278), the Sept. 13 update (FED-273), EO 14042 and EO 14043 (Sept. 9) (FED-A), the contractor guidance (Sept. 24) and OMB determination (Sept. 28) (FED-274, FED-275); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. Third Amended face-covering order (July 30), Amended GO 21-0006 (Sept. 15, effective Sept. 20: vaccination or testing for courtroom presence), GO 21-0033 (Sept. 20: employee and contractor vaccination) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (video criminal proceedings to Oct. 4) (FED-299, FED-298, FED-300, FED-301); D.N.J. Updated Amended SO 21-04 (Sept. 3: one jury selection per vicinage; universal masks; temperature screening) and SO 21-08 (Sept. 13: visitor vaccination or testing) with SO 20-13 masks (FED-307, FED-308, FED-302); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 entry exclusions (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 protocols and remote criminal proceedings (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 masks (until Oct. 1, 2021) (FED-285); finance: FHFA REO eviction moratorium, VA Circular 26-21-14 foreclosure-related eviction moratorium, HUD eviction moratorium and USDA eviction moratorium, all through Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-355, FED-379, FED-364, FED-385); CFPB Regulation X procedural safeguards from Aug. 31, 2021 (FED-344); HUD ML 2021-18 recovery loss-mitigation review (FED-365); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 and VA Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29) extending them (FED-364, FED-378, FED-380); CARES § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); student-loan payment pause (extended Aug. 6, 2021 to Jan. 31, 2022) (FED-345).

Instruments in the Library for this selection, by layer and quarter (an instrument in force in several quarters is counted in each; the total counts it once).

Layer	2020 Q2	2020 Q3	2020 Q4	2021 Q1	2021 Q2	2021 Q3	Total
Federal layer	179	163	160	175	165	167	330
Sector regulators	5	4	2	2	3	6	13
Group meetings and trade shows	15	6	5	2	2	3	33
All layers	199	173	167	179	170	176	376

3. The statute and the test

An employer is an eligible employer for a calendar quarter under the governmental-orders test if

the operation of the trade or business described in clause (i) is fully or partially suspended during the calendar quarter due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
CARES Act § 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 348; I.R.C. § 3134(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), 135 Stat. 4, 177

Congress enacted those words four times and never changed them. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of March 27, 2020 enacted the Suspension Clause at section 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 347-48, for wages paid after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2021 (§ 2301(m), 134 Stat. 351) (Ex. LAW-001). The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, Pub. L. 116-260, div. EE, §§ 206-207, 134 Stat. 1182, 3059-65 (Dec. 27, 2020), extended the credit to wages paid before July 1, 2021 and raised its rate to 70 percent; neither section touched the clause (Ex. LAW-002).

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, § 9651, 135 Stat. 4, 176 (Mar. 11, 2021), added section 3134 to the Internal Revenue Code, whose heading repeats the CARES Act title and whose Suspension Clause reappears word for word at 135 Stat. 177, for wages paid after June 30, 2021 (§ 3134(n), 135 Stat. 182) (Ex. LAW-003). The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, § 80604, 135 Stat. 429, 1341 (Nov. 15, 2021), ended the credit for calendar quarters beginning after September 30, 2021, and left the third quarter of 2021 in place (Ex. LAW-004).

The clause has seven elements, taken in the statute's order: orders; from an appropriate governmental authority; limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes); due to COVID-19; the operation of the trade or business fully or partially suspended; during the calendar quarter; and due to those orders. The words "essential," "comparable operations," "telework," "customers," "voluntary," "more than nominal," "10 percent," "directed at," "jurisdiction over the employer," "proximate," "independent" and "sufficient" appear in none of the four enactments. The credit runs by calendar quarter; the six quarters the clause governs are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021.

The partial-suspension test and how this report applies it

In this report the Internal Revenue Service is the "Service," the Government as a litigant is the "United States," Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, is the "Notice," and the statutory text above is the "Suspension Clause." Tri-State is Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States, No. 2:25-cv-0181-TOR, ECF No. 38 (E.D. Wash. May 28, 2026), the one federal decision construing the clause's words. Doc. 44 is the United States' opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment in Stenson Tamaddon, LLC v. IRS, No. 2:24-cv-01123-SPL (D. Ariz. Jan. 6, 2025), ECF No. 44; Doc. 49 is the summary-judgment order in that case of June 20, 2025; and the Br. for Appellees is the United States' brief in the appeal, No. 25-4217 (9th Cir. Jan. 30, 2026).

The statute controls, and the Notice does not. The United States has told two federal courts so: the Notice "is merely guidance" and "lacks the force of law" (Doc. 44 at 19); "the United States is not arguing that the IRS interpretation has the force of law or is entitled to deference" (Doc. 44 at 31 & n.8); "[w]hether Notice 2021-20 exists or not, the statute will control whether a refund is warranted" (Doc. 44 at 24). The court held that "the Notice carries no force of law and is entitled to no deference" (Doc. 49 at 27) and that the ten percent figure "is not an exclusionary cut-off point, but rather a safe harbor" (Doc. 49 at 26). In the Ninth Circuit the United States called the Notice "nonbinding guidance," its ten percent provision "a quintessential safe harbor," and wrote that "[t]here is no question of deference here" (Br. for Appellees at 26, 37-38, 58).

"Fully or partially suspended" means what the words say. On definitions both parties agreed, Tri-State held: "a 'partial suspension' is a temporary delay, interruption, or termination of a portion an employer's business. The language is plain" (Tri-State at 8-9). The court refused to read "more than nominal" as "significant": "the plain language and ordinary meaning of partial and nominal do not suggest either of those interpretations" (Tri-State at 10-11). The Notice's ten percent rules are "only administrative guidance"; "the IRS Notice provides a method for the test to be met not as a requirement to meet the test" (Tri-State at 15-16). "Due to" means "because of," which "[b]oth Plaintiff and Defendant agree" (Tri-State at 17), and "the Court recognizes that 'due to' requires 'but-for' causation" (Tri-State at 19). The argument that the virus rather than the order caused the changes fails: "[s]ick patients and employees alone did not require additional protocols" (Tri-State at 20-21).

This report applies the test in five steps, with the instruments the Library holds for your selection and no others. Step one, the order: the issuer, the instrument by number and title, its dates and its exhibit; the Service's own Q&A-10 treats "orders, proclamations, or decrees" as orders "without regard to the level of enforcement" (Notice 2021-20, Q&A-10, at 927-28). Step two, the function it reached: the part of the business the order governed, whether the customer-facing floor, the back of house, the office, the workforce, the supply chain or the customer base. Step three, the change it compelled: the operative words, quoted from the instrument, and the sanction behind them. Step four, the quarter: the days on which the instrument was in force, tested against its dates. Step five, the statute's answer: a function is a portion of the operation; a compelled change is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; but for the order no law required it; and on the definitions the United States agreed to, the operation was partially suspended during the quarter due to the order.

The statute does not ask whether the business was "essential" or stayed open: the Notice's own Q&A-17, Example 4, calls an open hospital under an elective-procedure order partially suspended (Q&A-17, at 930). It does not ask whether the business could telework: Q&A-15 finds a partial suspension wherever a workplace closure "causes the employer to suspend business operations for certain purposes, but not others" (Q&A-15, at 929). It does not ask whose customers were under orders: "a business may be suspended 'due to' a government order addressing a third party" (Br. for Appellees at 41). It does not ask whether a compelled measure was "voluntary": Q&A-14 reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order" (Q&A-14, at 929). And it does not ask for a percentage: "The 10 percent is not determinative ... Properly understood, it isn't an eligibility requirement" (Doc. 44 at 14). The Service's letters ask each of those questions. The statute asks one, and this report answers it, instrument by instrument.

How this report was assembled

The report is drawn from The COVID Project's Orders Library, which indexes the governmental orders that limited commerce, travel and group meetings in the United States from March 2020 through September 30, 2021. The Library is organized in layers, and the report walks them in order for your selection: the federal layer (proclamations, executive orders, agency orders and rules, and the federal courts' general orders); your State, from its first declaration to the instrument that ended its general restrictions; your metropolitan area's health officers, mayors and courts; the sector regulators of your industry (licensing boards, health departments, alcohol and gaming regulators, labor agencies and federal program rules); the clusters of authorities that are easy to overlook (ports, aviation, courts, motor-vehicle offices, tribal and territorial governments); the standing duties of your State and of the United States (communicable-disease, workplace-safety and liability-shield statutes); and the organizers' notices of the trade shows, conventions, seasons and tournaments your industry lost.

Every record carries one of two grades, and the report shows only these two. Primary source read means the compiler read the issuing authority's own text: the order as published, the register page, the codified rule, the court's docket entry. Confirmed from a secondary source means the instrument's existence, number, date and substance were established from an identifiable secondary source and the primary text was not read. Records graded unverified or not retrieved never appear. Every exhibit was retrieved from the issuing authority's site or from the Internet Archive's capture of it, kept only if its text contained a distinctive phrase of the instrument, hashed at retrieval and re-checked by a second reviewer.

Every instrument has one exhibit identifier, used everywhere on the site and in this report. A State instrument carries its two-letter State code and a serial number (Ex. TX-004 is Texas Executive Order GA-09 of March 22, 2020); a metropolitan instrument carries MET and the metro code; a federal instrument carries FED; a sector regulator's instrument carries SEC and the industry number, and an organizer's notice adds GM; an overlooked authority carries AGY and its cluster; a standing duty carries DUT and the State code, or DUT-FED (Ex. DUT-FED-001 is the general duty clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act); a legal authority carries LAW.

The dates decide the quarters. An instrument is in force in a quarter only if its effective date fell on or before the quarter's last day and its end date, if any, fell on or after the quarter's first day. The six quarters are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021. Because the CARES Act applies to wages paid after March 12, 2020, and the Service's Form 941-X instructions place the credit for wages paid March 13 through March 31, 2020 on the second-quarter return, the orders of March 13 through 31, 2020, the first stay-at-home and closure orders in the country, appear in the record of the second quarter of 2020.

4. How this business operates: Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Higher education was closed by orders of appropriate governmental authorities in every State in March 2020, reopened in the fall of 2020 only on conditions those authorities prescribed, was ordered back to remote instruction in several States in the winter of 2020-21, and entered the third quarter of 2021 under a new layer of vaccination, testing, masking and travel instruments that reached campuses in every State. Three kinds of instruments carried the closures. First, the governors' and health officers' orders that named higher education: Washington's Proclamation 20-12 (Mar. 13, 2020) 'prohibit[ed] all public and private universities, colleges, technical schools, apprenticeship programs, and similar schools and programs from conducting in-person classes in all counties' (Ex. WA-008); Oregon's EO 20-09 (Mar. 19) provided that 'colleges and universities shall be prohibited from conducting in-person classroom, laboratory, and other instruction from March 21, 2020, through April 28, 2020,' extended to June 13 by EO 20-17 (Exs. OR-059, OR-060); New Jersey's EO 104 (Mar. 16) ordered institutions of higher education to cease in-person instruction from March 18 (Ex. NJ-002); Virginia's EO 55 (Mar. 30) directed that institutions of higher education cease in-person classes, and EO 61 (May 8) that they 'continue to cease all in-person classes and instruction' (Exs. VA-006, VA-010); Georgia's EO 03.16.20.01 closed 'public elementary, secondary, and post-secondary schools' from March 18 and EO 04.01.20.01 kept 'all post-secondary public schools... closed for instruction to graduate and undergraduate students through the end' of the semester (Exs. GA-003, GA-009); Alabama's State Health Officer closed 'All schools, public and private, including... postsecondary, technical, or specialty schools, and colleges and universities' at the close of business on March 19 (Ex. AL-005); South Carolina's EO 2020-09 closed 'all public schools... to include state-supported colleges, universities, and technical colleges' from March 16 (Ex. SC-002); Wyoming's Statewide Public Health Order #1 provided that 'All colleges, universities, and trade schools shall not hold in person classes' (Ex. WY-004); Louisiana's 32 JBE 2020 authorized every public postsecondary institution to 'substitute in-person clinical and classroom instruction with online and lab simulations' for the duration of the emergency (Ex. LA-004); Minnesota's EO 20-52 confirmed on May 11 that 'higher education institutions must continue to operate in a distance learning model' (Ex. MN-019); Colorado's Safer at Home order permitted postsecondary in-person instruction only for programs that could not be taught remotely (Ex. CO-019). Second, the stay-home orders of the other States, which permitted educational institutions to operate only 'for purposes of facilitating distance learning, performing critical research, or performing essential functions' (the Illinois formula, carried verbatim in Illinois EO 2020-10, Ohio's Stay At Home Order, West Virginia's EO 45-20, Oklahoma's Executive Memorandum 2020-01 and others; Exs. IL-005, OH-011, WV-039, OK-007) and, in the Northeast, ordered every non-essential in-person workforce to zero (New York EO 202.8; Pennsylvania's closure of every business not life sustaining, under which colleges, universities and professional schools could not continue physical operations; Massachusetts Order No. 13; Connecticut EO 7H; Exs. NY-002, PA-002 to PA-004, MA-008, CT-007). Third, the directives of the public systems themselves, which are State instrumentalities exercising governmental power: the University System of Georgia moved all 26 institutions online for the remainder of the semester on March 16, closed residence halls and cancelled commencement ceremonies (Ex. SEC-27-007); the Florida Board of Governors directed remote instruction through the spring semester and that 'students who can return home should return home' (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027); the University of California, the California State University, the California Community Colleges, the UNC System, the Iowa Board of Regents, CUNY and SUNY, PASSHE and the Oklahoma State Regents did the same (Exs. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-051, -034, -018 to -020, -028, -045, -060, -043, -044; SEC-27-008). County health officers closed colleges by name in Riverside and San Diego Counties and in the Miami metropolitan area (Exs. MET-RIV-004, MET-SAN-002, MET-MIA-003). Federal instruments framed every campus's international and clinical functions: SEVP's March 9-13, 2020 flexibilities and the July 6, 2020 rule that students in fully online programs could not remain, rescinded July 14 (Exs. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-070 to -073; SEC-15-004, -005); the State Department's suspension of routine visa services from March 20, 2020 and its post-by-post resumption (Exs. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060, -061); Proclamations 10014, 10052 and 10043 (Exs. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-007 to -012); the geographic entry proclamations to November 8, 2021 (Exs. ECO-A-001 to -009). The fall 2020 reopening was itself ordered and conditioned: New York permitted higher education only as a Phase Four industry operating under the Department of Health's Interim Guidance, which required a reopening plan covering capacity, testing, quarantine and isolation capacity, residential living and dining (Exs. NY-031, NY-112); Washington's Proclamation 20-12.1 allowed general instruction from August 1, 2020 'only if they implement, follow, and enforce the requirements specified' and 20-12.2 added the winter testing and isolation-housing conditions (Exs. WA-038, WA-046); Oregon's EO 20-28 subjected 'in-person instruction, research, and residential activities at colleges and universities' to OHA minimum standards from June 14, 2020 to June 30, 2021 (Exs. OR-021, OR-043); New Jersey's EO 155 and EO 175 restarted in-person instruction only under the Secretary of Higher Education's restart standards (Exs. NJ-024, NJ-032); Minnesota's EO 20-85 required a Higher Ed Plan and compliance with OHE and MDH guidance (Ex. MN-029); California's CDPH guidance of August 7, 2020 barred indoor lectures in monitored counties (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009); Denver and Boulder County issued orders directed at institutions of higher education and at 18-to-22-year-olds (Exs. MET-DEN-037, MET-DEN-100); Utah's EO 2020-73 required every institution to test every residential or in-person student weekly from January 1, 2021 (Ex. UT-029); Rhode Island's EO 21-04 conditioned in-person learning on surveillance testing of all students (Ex. RI-033); Mississippi capped college stadiums at 25 percent of bowl seating (Ex. MS-036). The travel-quarantine orders of New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, Hawaii, Kansas, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, the District, Chicago and others attached fourteen-day quarantines to students arriving from most of the country (Exs. ECO-C-001 to -003, -005, -006, -009 to -014, -016, -019, -022, -023, -030, -031; MA-025; VT-034; FL-012; SC-007). Michigan's MDHHS ordered colleges remote from November 18 to December 20, 2020 (Exs. MI-060, MI-061; SEC-15-078); Philadelphia ordered colleges online from November 20, 2020 (Ex. MET-PHL-010); Utah, Oregon, Colorado, Illinois and Washington kept their frameworks through the winter. In the third quarter of 2021 the instruments in force on campuses were of five kinds: (1) State orders requiring vaccination or testing of higher-education personnel and students (Illinois EO 2021-20 sec. 4 and EO 2021-22; Washington Proclamations 20-12.3, 20-12.4, 20-12.5 and 21-14.1; Nevada's Board of Health emergency regulation on enrollment from November 1, 2021; Minnesota's HR/LR Policy 1446 for Minnesota State Colleges and Universities; Virginia's Executive Directive 18; Massachusetts EO 595; Philadelphia's Board of Health regulation mandating vaccination in higher education; Exs. IL-042, IL-043, WA-071, WA-074, WA-081, WA-079, NV-055, MN-044, VA-045, MA-068, MET-PHL-021); (2) the public systems' own mandates (UC's policy of July 15, 2021; CSU's of July 27; CUNY's triggered by the FDA approval of August 23; Indiana University's, upheld in Klaassen v. Trustees of Indiana University on August 2, 2021; Exs. SEC-27-001, SEC-27-011, IN-094, AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035); (3) statewide and local indoor-mask orders that named or reached campuses (Louisiana 137 JBE 2021 and 167 JBE 2021; Oregon OAR 333-019-1025; Nevada Directive 047; New Mexico's PHO of August 17; Illinois EO 2021-20; Dallas County's order of August 12 adding higher education; Travis County's orders adding public colleges; Exs. LA-036, LA-038, OR-048, NV-041, NM-068, MET-DFW-030, MET-AUS-051); (4) the statutes and executive orders that forbade campus vaccination or mask requirements and thereby prescribed how public campuses operated (Texas GA-38 and GA-39; Florida sec. 381.00316; Arizona EO 2021-15; Georgia EO 05.25.21.01; Alabama SB 267; Arkansas Act 977; Iowa HF 889; Idaho EO 2021-04; Montana HB 702; Ohio HB 244; Oklahoma SB 658; South Carolina Proviso 117.190 as construed in Creswick; Utah HB 1007 and SB 107; North Dakota HB 1465; New Hampshire HB 220; Exs. TX-036, TX-037, FL-030, AZ-043, GA-036, AL-078, AR-033, IA-047, ID-028, MT-072, OH-064, OK-043, SC-045, SC-040, UT-045, UT-046, ND-082, NH-068); and (5) the federal layer: the CDC conveyance order on campus shuttles and every commute (Ex. FED-020), the OSHA Healthcare ETS in campus health services and clinical training sites (Ex. FED-080), the entry proclamations and consular posture on international students (Exs. ECO-A-005 to -008, AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-061, -073, -074), Executive Orders 14042 and 14043 of September 9, 2021 for institutions holding federal contracts (Exs. FED-063, FED-064), the Kansas, Hawaii and Chicago travel regimes (Exs. KS-057, HI-031, MET-CHI-032). Public colleges and universities, excluded from the credit for 2020 by CARES Act sec. 2301(f), became eligible employers for the 2021 quarters by Relief Act sec. 207(d)(3), which added to sec. 2301(f) the exception for 'any entity described in paragraph (1) if (i) such entity is a college or university,' provided that such an entity 'shall be treated as satisfying the requirements of subsection (c)(2)(A)(i),' effective for calendar quarters beginning after December 31, 2020, and by I.R.C. sec. 3134(f)(2) in identical words for the third quarter (Exs. LAW-002 at 134 Stat. 3063 and 3065; LAW-006; LAW-007).

The functions of the business

The Library records which of these functions each instrument reached. Section 5 names them instrument by instrument and section 9 applies the test to them.

Code	Function
IN	in-person instruction and laboratories (campus closure and remote-instruction orders)
HS	housing and dining (de-densification, move-out, quarantine and isolation housing, dining-hall rules)
AT	athletics, performances and campus events (spectator caps, season cancellations, gathering caps)
RS	research, clinical training and field work
AD	admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting
ST	student services (health, counseling, libraries, recreation)
CE	continuing, workforce and community education (contract training, dual enrollment, camps, conferences)
PY	State systems, boards, accreditors and funders
HR	hiring, credentialing and onboarding (I-9, visas)
OP	office, administration and telework
WF	workforce availability (schools, child care, quarantine, vaccination status)
CB	students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders

5. The orders, quarter by quarter

For each quarter selected, the instruments in force appear by layer: the federal layer (the Library's FED-A and FED-B files, including the federal court orders they hold), the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators, and the agencies, boards and authorities whose orders resolve to the State. Within a layer the instruments that carry the industry's key limitation types come first, then the rest in date order. An instrument in force across several quarters is described in full where it first appears and listed in compact form in each later quarter. Every item carries its citation and its exhibit identifier.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-190

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America - 15 Days to Slow the Spread

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateGathering capTravel and quarantineSchools and child care
Functions reached: context: the federal template for the ten-person gathering limit, the telework instruction, the closure of bars, restaurants and gyms, and the travel restraint that State orders enacted
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 46

[image-only PDF; text as read in the prior verified research:] Listen to and follow the directions of your STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.... Work or engage in schooling FROM HOME whenever possible.... AVOID SOCIAL GATHERINGS in groups of more than 10 people.... Avoid eating or drinking at bars, restaurants, and food courts - USE DRIVE-THRU, PICKUP, OR DELIVERY OPTIONS. AVOID DISCRETIONARY TRAVEL, shopping trips, and social visits.... IN STATES WITH EVIDENCE OF COMMUNITY TRANSMISSION, bars, restaurants, food courts, gyms, and other indoor and outdoor venues where groups of people congregate should be closed.

Enforcement: None (guidance); the template every State stay-at-home and closure order of March 2020 implemented

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-191

30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020)

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America - 30 Days to Slow the Spread

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateGathering capTravel and quarantineSchools and child care
Functions reached: context
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31

Enforcement: None (guidance)

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-191) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-192

Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020)

Guidelines for Opening Up America Again

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capTravel and quarantine
Functions reached: context: the federal template of the phased reopenings that State orders enacted (telework 'whenever possible' for employers in Phases One and Two; closed or capacity-limited venues; ten-person and fifty-person gathering ceilings; travel minimization)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 76 (in force on the last day)

President Trump has unveiled Guidelines for Opening Up America Again, a three-phased approach based on the advice of public health experts. These steps will help state and local officials when reopening their economies, getting people back to work, and continuing to protect American lives.... Proposed State or Regional Gating Criteria: Satisfy Before Proceeding to Phased Comeback... Downward trajectory of documented cases within a 14-day period... Phase One: For States and Regions that satisfy the gating criteria. INDIVIDUALS: ALL VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS should continue to shelter in place.... Social settings of more than 10 people, where appropriate distancing may not be practical, should be avoided unless precautionary measures are observed. Avoid SOCIALIZING in groups of more than 10 people in circumstances that do not readily allow for appropriate physical distancing (e.g.…

Enforcement: None (guidance); adopted by reference in State reopening orders (e.g., the phased frameworks of Texas, Georgia, Arizona, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Colorado) and by CMS (FED-159)

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-097

QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020)

QSO-20-14-NH (REVISED)

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Sept. 17, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureGathering capHealth care orders
Functions reached: VS visitation closed to all visitors and 'non-essential healthcare personnel' (home-care-senior-living; hospice; therapy contractors; hair and podiatry services; clergy); RS admissions and cohorting; DN communal dining and group activities cancelled; IN referral flows from hospitals
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

[As CMS restated it in QSO-20-39-NH:] In March of 2020, CMS issued memorandum QSO 20-14-NH providing guidance to facilities on restricting visitation of all visitors and non-essential healthcare personnel, except for certain compassionate care situations, such as an end-of-life situation. [QSO-20-14-NH revised text:] Facilities should actively screen and restrict visitation by those who meet the following criteria... Restricting means the individual should not be allowed in the facility at all, until they no longer meet the criteria above.

Enforcement: F-tag F563 (visitation) and F880 (infection control) survey enforcement

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-157

QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021)

QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (nursing homes; State and local officials) (Federal)

Dates: In force from May 18, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Capacity limitGathering capHealth care orders
Functions reached: VS visitation phases; DN communal dining and group activities by phase; HR non-essential personnel entry by phase (salons, therapy, volunteers); RS admissions
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 44 (in force on the last day)

Recommendations for State and Local Officials: CMS is providing recommendations to help determine the level of mitigation needed to prevent the transmission of COVID19 in nursing homes. The recommendations cover the following items: Criteria for relaxing certain restrictions and mitigating the risk of resurgence: Factors to inform decisions for relaxing nursing home restrictions through a phased approach. Visitation and Service Considerations: Considerations allowing visitation and services in each phase.... Given the critical importance in limiting COVID-19 exposure in nursing homes, decisions on relaxing restrictions should be made with careful review of a number of facility-level, community, and State factors/orders

Enforcement: Recommendations; implemented by State orders and directives and by survey

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-290

Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)

Supreme Court Building closed to the public until further notice

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT; CS Washington tourism and visitor commerce
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Enforcement: Supreme Court Police

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)

Ex. FED-338

General Order 20-0012 (original)

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Nov. 13, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the first of the Chicago federal court's COVID-19 orders; civil jury trials continued from Mar. 12, 2020
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

hereby issues the following order effective immediately: 1. The United States Courthouses in Chicago and Rockford, Illinois will remain open for business, subject [to the following]... 2. The following events in the Northern District of Illinois, scheduled to begin before April 3, 2020, are continued pending further order of the Court: All civil jury trials [and civil and criminal bench trials, and criminal jury trials except as ordered]... 9. Effective March 14, all mass public gatherings, other than court proceedings, are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse [in Rockford]... 12. The Court will vacate or amend this General Order no later than April 3, 2020. Dated at Chicago, Illinois this 12th day of March, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, General Order 20-0012 (original) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-338) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-027

CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation, 85 Fed. Reg. 16628 (Mar. 24, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), United States (all cruise ships in U.S. waters or intending to return; 250+ passenger capacity) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV travel demand (hotels-travel); GS group sales and travel agencies; CB cruise passengers and the port economies (Miami, Port Canaveral, Galveston, Seattle, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Baltimore, New York); SC provisioning and port services
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 109 (in force on the last day)

announces the issuance of a No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation on March 14, 2020 for all cruise ships that are not voluntarily suspending operation.... This Notice of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations shall apply only to the subset of carriers described below and hereinafter referred to as 'cruise ships,' except this Order shall not apply to any cruise ship that voluntarily suspends operations for the period of this Order

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.18, 71.2 (criminal penalties); Coast Guard captain-of-the-port authority

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-279

Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access)

Order restricting access to the James R. Browning, William K. Nakamura, Pioneer and Richard H. Chambers United States Courthouses

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Pasadena courthouses) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT appellate courthouses closed to the public; arguments by video or livestream; CS law firms' appellate practice
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

Chief among the recommended precautions is to limit person to person interactions. Therefore, it is hereby ordered that: Access to the James R. Browning (San Francisco), the William K. Nakamura (Seattle), the Pioneer (Portland) and the Richard H. Chambers (Pasadena) United States Courthouses is restricted to judges and court staff during non-court weeks. In the event any public court proceeding is held, it will be livestreamed.

Enforcement: court order; U.S. Marshals and court security

Citation: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-279) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-291

Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session)

Supreme Court postpones oral arguments scheduled for the March session

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the highest court in the country suspended in-person argument for the first time since 1918; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

In keeping with public health precautions recommended in response to COVID-19, the Supreme Court is postponing the oral arguments currently scheduled for the March session (March 23-25 and March 30-April 1).... The Court postponed scheduled arguments for October 1918 in response to the Spanish flu epidemic. The Court also shortened its argument calendars in August 1793 and August 1798 in response to yellow fever outbreaks.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-291) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-317

General Order 72

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Eureka) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court for Silicon Valley and San Francisco suspended jury and grand-jury proceedings from Mar. 16, 2020; CS law firms, court reporters, process servers
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 46

[Bay Area health officers have ordered the public to] postpone in-person events consisting of 50 people or more;... hereby issues the following Order, effective immediately: 1. No jury trial will be commenced before May 1, 2020. Any trial dates currently scheduled [before that date will be vacated]... 3. Appearances before the district judges may be waived or postponed, if required by [the parties' health]... 5. All grand jury proceedings in this district are suspended until May 1, 2020.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-317) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-264

OMB Memorandum M-20-16

Federal Agency Operational Alignment to Slow the Spread of Coronavirus COVID-19

Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), United States (executive branch, nationwide) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Apr. 20, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal offices emptied nationwide; PJ contractor performance moved to telework or postponed; CS in-person federal transactions postponed (Social Security offices, IRS taxpayer assistance centers, passport agencies, USCIS, USDA service centers, VA regional offices); CB every business whose customer, licensor or counterparty was a federal office
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 35

the Government must immediately adjust operations and services to minimize face-to-face interactions, especially at those offices or sites where people may be gathering in close proximity or where highly vulnerable populations obtain services.... Non-mission-critical functions that cannot be performed remotely or that require in-person interactions may be postponed or significantly curtailed.... Maximize telework across the nation for the Federal workforce (including mandatory telework, if necessary), while maintaining mission-critical workforce needs... Assess professional services and labor contracts to extend telework flexibilities to contract workers wherever feasible... Agencies shall communicate with their customers to encourage them to delay transactions which are not time-critical and to ensure that available resources can be re-prioritized to mission-critical activities.

Enforcement: OMB directive; agency facility-access policies for employees, contractors and visitors

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-16 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-264) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-390

Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors

Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors

Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Nevada-Arizona (Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Basin Region) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM the busiest federal tourist attraction in the Southwest (about one million visitors a year) closed; CB Las Vegas tour operators and Boulder City commerce
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 106 (in force on the last day)

[In accordance with guidance] by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hoover Dam will be temporarily closed to visitors, including [the visitor center and all tours, until further notice.]

Enforcement: Reclamation facility order

Citation: Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-324

USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020

USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public March 18 - April 1

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, United States (all USCIS field offices, asylum offices and Application Support Centers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 4, 2020 (issued Mar. 17, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: HR work-authorization biometrics, interviews and naturalization ceremonies postponed; CS immigration law practice; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 79

Effective March 18, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is suspending in-person services at its field offices, asylum offices and Application Support Centers (ASCs) to help slow the spread of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). This suspension of services will be effective until at least April 1. In the meantime, USCIS will provide limited emergency services.

Enforcement: agency closure

Citation: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020 (Ex. FED-324) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-387

NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities)

National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees

Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, United States (National Park System) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureOther
Functions reached: AM attractions and gateway-community tourism (lodging, dining, outfitters, concessions); CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 105 (in force on the last day)

Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt directed the National [Park Service (NPS) to temporarily suspend the collection of all park entrance fees until further notice.] News Release Date: March 18, 2020

Enforcement: Secretarial direction

Citation: Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities) (Ex. FED-387) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-284

Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042

In re: Coronavirus Public Emergency - Activation of the Continuity of Operations Plan (courthouses closed)

Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, United States District Court for the Central District of California (Los Angeles, Santa Ana, Riverside) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 19, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the largest federal district in the country closed its courthouses to the public Mar. 23 - May 1, 2020 and continued civil and criminal trials; CS litigation practice, process servers, court reporters, interpreters
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

the Continuity of Operations Plan... of the Central District of California is hereby activated, effective March 23, 2020 through and including May 1, 2020... All of the Courthouses of the Central District of California will be closed to the public... [emergency criminal matters and applications for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions to be heard at] the Roybal Building and United States Courthouse in Los Angeles only.

Enforcement: court order; U.S. Marshals

Citation: Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-284) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-310

Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02

In re: Restrictions on Visitors to Courthouses

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Baltimore, Greenbelt) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Mar. 20, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to the general public from Mar. 23, 2020; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

ORDERED by the United States District Court for the District of Maryland that, effective March 23, 2020, no members of the public, other than litigants with a scheduled proceeding, [may enter any] U.S. Courthouse in the District of Maryland without prior permission from the Chief Judge or [the presiding judge]... [a drop box is available at] the entrance of each courthouse to deposit and date-stamp papers between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday; and it is further ORDERED that, in addition to the above restrictions, the following persons shall not enter any U.S. Courthouse or U.S. Probation Office in this District: [persons with symptoms, exposure or recent travel]...

Enforcement: court order; court security officers

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-310) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-391

USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only

USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, United States (all USDA Service Centers: FSA, NRCS, Rural Development) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CS farm program sign-ups, loan closings and conservation contracts by phone only; FP; IN
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: USDA operating directive

Citation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)

Ex. FED-389

BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon

BLM Temporarily Closes Developed Recreation Facilities in Oregon

Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, Oregon (Bureau of Land Management districts statewide) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM outdoor recreation and campground concessions; CB gateway communities
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 96 (in force on the last day)

[The BLM will] temporarily close many of its developed recreation facilities to help limit the spread of COVID-19. This closure includes all campgrounds, and some day use sites, and restrooms. Trash pickup and sanitation [services are also suspended]... These closures are pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): 43 CFR § 8364.1, 43 CFR § 9268.3(d)(1), and 43 CFR § 8365.1-4.... BLM-managed trails and open spaces remain open across Oregon.

Enforcement: 43 C.F.R. § 8364.1 closure orders; 43 C.F.R. § 8360.0-7 penalties

Citation: Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon (Ex. FED-389) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-170

Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions)

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, United States (private employers with fewer than 500 employees; public employers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Mar. 18, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: WF workforce availability of every employer under 500 employees (mandatory paid leave for quarantine, symptoms, school and child-care closures); HR payroll and leave administration; OP/OF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (in force on the last day)

SEC. 5102. PAID SICK TIME REQUIREMENT. (a) IN GENERAL.--An employer shall provide to each employee employed by the employer paid sick time to the extent that the employee is unable to work (or telework) due to a need for leave because: (1) The employee is subject to a Federal, State, or local quarantine or isolation order related to COVID-19. (2) The employee has been advised by a health care provider to self-quarantine due to concerns related to COVID-19. (3) The employee is experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 and seeking a medical diagnosis. (4) The employee is caring for an individual who is subject to an order as described in subparagraph (1) or has been advised as described in paragraph (2). (5) The employee is caring for a son or daughter of such employee if the school or place of care of the son or daughter has been closed, or the child care provider of such son or daughter is…

Enforcement: Fair Labor Standards Act enforcement by the Department of Labor (§ 5105); § 5104 anti-retaliation; private actions

Citation: Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions) (Ex. FED-170) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-171

Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826

Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 85 Fed. Reg. 19326 (Apr. 6, 2020)

Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 1, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: WF; HR; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (in force on the last day)

The Secretary of Labor ('Secretary') is promulgating temporary regulations to implement public health emergency leave under Title I of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and emergency paid sick leave to assist working families facing public health emergencies arising out of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic.... DATES: This rule is effective from April 2, 2020, through December 31, 2020. This rule became operational on April 1, 2020.... In general, the FFCRA requires covered employers to provide eligible employees up to two weeks of paid sick leave at full pay, up to a specified cap, when the employee is unable to work because the employee is subject to a Federal, State, or local quarantine or isolation order related to COVID-19

Enforcement: FLSA enforcement (29 C.F.R. § 826.150); DOL investigations

Citation: Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-171) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-293

Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session)

Supreme Court postpones the April session oral arguments

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 89 (in force on the last day)

In keeping with public health guidance in response to COVID-19, the Court will postpone the oral arguments currently scheduled for the April session (April 20-22 and April 27-29). The Court will consider rescheduling some cases from the March and April sessions before the end of the Term, if circumstances permit in light of public health and safety guidance at that time.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. FED-293) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-158

CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020)

Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (all healthcare facilities and clinicians) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 7, 2020 to Apr. 19, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureHealth care orders
Functions reached: SX surgery and elective procedures (hospitals); PR procedures and elective visits (physician practices); PR/CH elective and aerosol-generating dental procedures; DX diagnostics and preventive services; CB patient volumes
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 13

CMS, in collaboration with medical societies and associations, recently created recommendations to postpone non-essential surgeries and other procedures. This document provides recommendations to limit those medical services that could be deferred, such as non-emergent, elective treatment, and preventive medical services for patients of all ages. A tiered framework is recommended to prioritize services and care to those who require emergent or urgent attention to save a life, manage severe disease, or avoid further harms from an underlying condition.... CMS urges healthcare facilities and clinicians to consider the following tiered approach to curtailing non-emergent, elective medical services and treatment.

Enforcement: Recommendations; made mandatory by State elective-procedure orders and referenced in CMS survey guidance

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-158) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-294

Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020)

Supreme Court to hear oral arguments by telephone conference on May 4-6 and 11-13, 2020

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 13, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 79 (in force on the last day)

The Court will hear oral arguments by telephone conference on May 4, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 in a limited number of previously postponed cases.... In keeping with public health guidance in response to COVID-19, the Justices and counsel will all participate remotely. The Court anticipates providing a live audio feed of these arguments to news media.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-294) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-028

No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Notice of Modification and Extension and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 21004 (Apr. 15, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 15, 2020 to July 24, 2020 (issued Apr. 9, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 77 (in force on the last day)

[modifies and extends the March 14, 2020 No Sail Order; requires each operator to submit a No Sail Order Response Plan; suspends embarkation of passengers]

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-159

CMS Recommendations, Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I (Apr. 19, 2020)

Opening Up America Again: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Recommendations Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 19, 2020 to June 8, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Capacity limitHealth care ordersWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SX/PR resumption conditions (screening, PPE, testing, facility zoning, visitor limits, distancing in waiting rooms); OC outpatient; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 51

To expand capacity to care for these patients and to conserve adequate staff and supplies, especially personal protective equipment (PPE), on March 18 the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recommended limiting non-essential care and expanding surge capacity into ambulatory surgical centers and other areas.... Therefore, if states or regions have passed the Gating Criteria (symptoms, cases, and hospitals) announced on April 16, 2020, then they may proceed to Phase I.... Maximum use of all telehealth modalities is strongly encouraged. However, for care that cannot be accomplished virtually, these recommendations -- the first in a series of recommendations -- may guide healthcare systems and facilities as they consider resuming in-person care of non-COVID-19 patients in regions with low incidence of COVID-19 disease.

Enforcement: Recommendations; conditions adopted by State reopening orders for health care

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS Recommendations, Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I (Apr. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-159) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-318

General Order 72-2

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-2)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 30, 2020 to May 21, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 22

[WHEREAS the Governor of California] ordered a state-wide shelter-in-place;... [the Court's] courthouses remain closed in order to protect the public health and reduce the size of public [gatherings]... issues the following Order, effective immediately: 1. No jury trial will be conducted before June 1, 2020. Any trial dates currently scheduled during that period will be postponed or vacated.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-2 (Apr. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-318) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-398

H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus

H.Res. 965 (116th Congress) - Remote Voting by Proxy and Remote Committee Proceedings

U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), United States House of Representatives (Federal)

Dates: In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capOther
Functions reached: EV Capitol Hill commerce (the Capitol complex was closed to public tours from Mar. 12, 2020 through 2021); CS lobbying, government relations and hospitality in Washington
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 42 (in force on the last day)

SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF REMOTE VOTING BY PROXY DURING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY DUE TO NOVEL CORONAVIRUS. (a) AUTHORIZATION.--Notwithstanding rule III, at any time after the Speaker or the Speaker's designee is notified by the Sergeant-at-Arms, in consultation with the Attending Physician, that a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus is in effect, the Speaker or the Speaker's designee, in consultation with the Minority Leader or the Minority Leader's designee, may designate a period (hereafter in this resolution referred to as a ''covered period'') during which a Member who is designated by another Member as a proxy... SEC. 3. PROCESS FOR VOTING DURING COVERED PERIODS. (a) RECORDED VOTES ORDERED.-- (1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding clause 6 of rule I, during a covered period, the yeas and nays shall be considered as ordered on any vote on which a recorded vote or the yeas…

Enforcement: House rule

Citation: U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-334

General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020)

Continuing Temporary Restrictions on Courthouse Access (Amended May 21, 2020)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to the public except for official court business, Mar. 2020 - June 30, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 41 (in force on the last day)

[In light of the shelter-in-place orders and to protect] courthouse visitors, the court will continue to temporarily restrict courthouse access at all four locations due to the ongoing COVID-19 emergency. Effective immediately and until further [order, entry is limited to persons with official court business]... 'Official court business' shall include [scheduled proceedings and filings]... There will also be a drop box available for manual filing in the first floor lobby of the San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose courthouses.

Enforcement: court order; court security

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-393

USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020

Army Corps of Engineers begins gradual reopening of recreation areas closed due to coronavirus (May 21, 2020), following district closures of March 2020

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, United States (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recreation areas, visitor centers and project offices) (Federal)

Dates: In force from May 21, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 17, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM the largest federal provider of outdoor recreation (about 270 million visits a year) closed its campgrounds and visitor centers; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 41 (in force on the last day)

Reopening of closed recreation areas will vary from location to location based on state and local conditions, as well as each project's ability to put in place COVID-19 safety precautions.

Enforcement: 36 C.F.R. part 327 closures

Citation: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-393)

Ex. FED-010

Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists

Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the CDC orders (each states it runs until the PHE ends), the § 1135 waivers, the CMS interim final rules and the OSHA ETS findings
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

As a result of confirmed cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), on this date and after consultation with public health officials as necessary, I, Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to the authority vested in me under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, do hereby determine that a public health emergency exists and has existed since January 27, 2020, nationwide.

Enforcement: Predicate; the enabled instruments carry their own enforcement

Citation: Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-200

Proclamation 9984

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Other Appropriate Measures To Address This Risk, 85 Fed. Reg. 6709 (Feb. 5, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound travel from China (business visitors, buyers, engineers); SC supplier engineering and quality visits; MK inbound trade-show attendance; CB foreign customer base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on February 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3: implemented by the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security; an alien who circumvents the proclamation is a priority for removal (sec. 3(c)); carriers barred from boarding covered aliens under DHS implementing measures

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-180

Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)

Declaration Under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached: context: the federal legal framework under which pharmacies, employers' clinics, and later dental and other practitioners administered tests and vaccines
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) to issue a Declaration to provide liability immunity to certain individuals and entities (Covered Persons) against any claim of loss caused by, arising out of, relating to, or resulting from the manufacture, distribution, administration, or use of medical countermeasures (Covered Countermeasures), except for claims involving 'willful misconduct' as defined in the PREP Act.... DATES: The Declaration was effective as of February 4, 2020.

Enforcement: Liability immunity; amended nine times through 2021 (85 Fed. Reg. 21012; 35100; 52136; 79190; 86 Fed. Reg. 7872; 9516; 14462; 41977; 51160)

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-181

Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV

Determination of Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 7316 (Feb. 7, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached: context: the earliest federal emergency determination (Feb. 4, 2020); the legal basis of every COVID-19 test EUA
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

On February 4, 2020, the Secretary determined pursuant to his authority under section 564 of the FD&C Act that there is a public health emergency that has a significant potential to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad and that involves a novel (new) coronavirus (nCoV) first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in 2019 (2019-nCoV). On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for detection and/or diagnosis of this novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act

Enforcement: Framework for FDA emergency use authorizations

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-001

Proclamation 9994

Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak, 85 Fed. Reg. 15337 (Mar. 18, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for every federal health-care instrument (FED-090 to FED-099, FED-160)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

do hereby find and proclaim that the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States constitutes a national emergency, beginning March 1, 2020. Pursuant to this declaration, I direct as follows: Section 1. Emergency Authority. The Secretary of HHS may exercise the authority under section 1135 of the SSA to temporarily waive or modify certain requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs and of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule throughout the duration of the public health emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Enforcement: Predicate only; operates through the instruments it enables (§ 1135 waivers; CMS interim final rules; Stafford Act assistance)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-160

COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)

COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP providers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersOther
Functions reached: TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health); IP surge capacity and 'hospitals without walls' (hospitals); HC/SN home health assessments and supervision (home care); OF credentialing and administration (HR); CB payers
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

CMS is empowered to take proactive steps through 1135 waivers as well as, where applicable, authority granted under section 1812(f) of the Social Security Act (the Act) and rapidly expand the Administration's aggressive efforts against COVID-19. As a result, the following blanket waivers are in effect, with a retroactive effective date of March 1, 2020 through the end of the emergency declaration.... Home Health Agencies (HHAs): Initial Assessments. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.55(a) to allow HHAs to perform Medicare-covered initial assessments and determine patients' homebound status remotely or by record review. Waive Onsite Visits for HHA Aide Supervision. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.80(h), which require a nurse to conduct an onsite visit every two weeks.

Enforcement: Modifies otherwise mandatory conditions of participation; survey and certification

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-182

Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices

Emergency Use Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 13907 (Mar. 10, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationSupply chain
Functions reached: context for SC (respirator supply) in every health care and industrial sector
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of personal respiratory protective devices during the COVID-19 outbreak, pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under that section. DATES: The determination was effective February 4, 2020, and this declaration is effective March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Framework for the NIOSH-respirator, imported-respirator and decontamination EUAs

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-201

Proclamation 9992

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Islamic Republic of Iran), 85 Fed. Reg. 12855 (Mar. 4, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound travel; CB foreign customer base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the Islamic Republic of Iran during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS; removal priority for circumvention

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-096

CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)

QSO-20-13-Hospitals

CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare-participating hospitals) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care orders
Functions reached: ED intake and screening; VS visitation; IC infection control; IP placement and discharge
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Hospital Guidance and Actions - CMS regulations and guidance support hospitals taking appropriate action to address potential and confirmed COVID cases and mitigate transmission including screening, discharge and transfers from the hospital, and visitation.... Hospitals should identify visitors and patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the healthcare facility.

Enforcement: Hospital CoP survey and enforcement (42 C.F.R. § 482.42)

Citation: CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-164

CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-12-All, Suspension of Survey Activities

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (all certified providers, suppliers and CLIA laboratories) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to May 1, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT/HR certification and survey functions (initial certification and change-of-ownership surveys delayed for new providers and acquirers)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Specifically, CMS is suspending non-emergency inspections across the country, allowing inspectors to turn their focus on the most serious health and safety threats like infectious diseases and abuse.... Effective immediately, survey activity is limited to the following (in Priority Order): All immediate jeopardy complaints... Complaints alleging infection control concerns, including facilities with potential COVID-19 or other respiratory illnesses; Statutorily required recertification surveys (Nursing Home, Home Health, Hospice, and ICF/IID facilities); Any re-visits necessary to resolve current enforcement actions; Initial certifications; Surveys of facilities/hospitals that have a history of infection control deficiencies

Enforcement: Governs federal survey operations

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-164) Open the exhibit

139 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Ex. SEC-27-007

USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester' (Mar. 16, 2020, 4:47 p.m.), 'USG Institutions to Develop Creative Alternatives to Commencement Ceremony' (Mar. 18, 2020), refunds update (Mar. 19, 2020)

Systemwide suspension of instruction, move to online instruction for the remainder of spring 2020, closure of residence halls, cancellation of commencement ceremonies and partial refunds of housing and dining

University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents), Georgia (University System of Georgia, Board of Regents; 26 institutions) (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureGathering capSchools and child careOther
Functions reached: IN; HS housing closed; dining ended; AD commencement cancelled; AT; OP minimal staff on site; CB refunds
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester... This action comes following last week's decision to suspend instruction for two weeks to ensure business and instructional continuity, and to allow further state assessment of COVID-19. Students are not allowed to return to campus until they receive permission from their institution, which will be forthcoming soon. Additionally, residence halls will be closed, with minimal exceptions for students unable to return home, or who cannot find housing elsewhere.... Institutions will remain open, with minimal staff physically on-site, to ensure continuity of certain services.... [Mar. 18] Students will still graduate consistent with academic standards, but the actual ceremonies will not be held as originally scheduled.... [Mar. 19] All 26 University System of Georgia institutions are working as quickly as possible to issue partial…

Enforcement: Board of Regents' governance of the System's institutions; the closures also fell under EO 03.16.20.01 and 04.01.20.01 (Exs. GA-003, GA-009)

Citation: University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents), USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester' (Mar. 16, 2020, 4:47 p.m.), 'USG Institutions to Develop Creative Alternatives to Commencement Ceremony' (Mar. 18, 2020), refunds update (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-007) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-27-006

UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020)

Systemwide move to remote instruction for the remainder of the spring 2020 semester; reduced campus operations; students directed not to return to campus housing

UNC System Interim President William L. Roper, North Carolina (UNC System; sixteen constituent institutions) (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureGathering capSchools and child care
Functions reached: IN; HS; AT; AD; OP
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 106 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: System directive to constituent institutions

Citation: UNC System Interim President William L. Roper, UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-006)

Ex. SEC-27-002

Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency

Mandatory reopening plan and operating requirements for every higher education institution in a Phase Four region (capacity, testing, quarantine and isolation capacity, residential living, dining)

New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), New York (State)

Dates: In force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: IN; HS; AT; RS; AD; ST; WF; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 5 (in force on the last day)

(text held at Ex. NY-112: 'higher education institutions must develop a plan for reopening and operating... Capacity: Phasing and quantity of students, faculty and staff to return to campus... quarantine and isolation capacity... Residential living plans should include protocols for capacity limits... operations of dining halls')

Enforcement: EO 202.45; N.Y. Exec. Law sec. 29-a; Public Health Law sec. 12

Citation: New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)

Ex. SEC-27-008

Update from Board of Regents President Mike Richards on Coronavirus (Mar. 10, 2020)

Board direction that the three Regent institutions move as quickly as possible toward virtual delivery of instruction, with institution-specific plans due by 8 a.m. March 12, 2020; rolling international travel ban

Board of Regents President Michael Richards, Iowa (Board of Regents, State of Iowa; University of Iowa, Iowa State University, University of Northern Iowa) (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineSchools and child care
Functions reached: IN; RS travel; AD; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Following the identification of COVID-19 cases in Iowa, the Board of Regents has asked the three Regent Institutions to move as quickly as possible towards the ability to deliver instruction virtually. It is important for students, faculty and staff to prepare for this eventuality this week prior to spring break. Specific information will be provided by the individual universities no later than 8 a.m. on Thursday, March 12th. Additionally, until further notice, the Board will be extending the international travel ban by seven days each Monday, effective Monday, March 9th.

Enforcement: Board governance of the Regent institutions

Citation: Board of Regents President Michael Richards, Update from Board of Regents President Mike Richards on Coronavirus (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-27-024

Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020)

Framework of gating conditions for reopening Connecticut's colleges and universities (disease prevalence; testing supply and arrival testing of residential students; quarantine capacity; contact tracing; PPE; hospital surge capacity) and required four-part institutional reopening plans

Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Connecticut (State)

Dates: In force from May 6, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolationOther
Functions reached: IN; HS; RS; ST; WF; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 56 (in force on the last day)

Connecticut's colleges and universities... provide employment to 45,000 citizens of the state, spend over $10 billion annually, and educate 190,000 students... Most of these institutions have employed online methods to continue to educate students through the current statewide shutdown, but all look forward to reopening their physical campuses.... We recommend that the Governor, with the help of public health experts, provide a set of 'gating conditions,' which, if satisfied, will allow colleges and universities to reopen their campuses.... 1. The prevalence of the disease must be low enough to safely resume campus operations.... 2. The State must ensure that colleges and universities have adequate supplies of viral diagnostic tests... Nonresidential institutions must test symptomatic students, faculty, and staff; residential institutions must also test students upon arrival... 6.…

Enforcement: Advisory; implemented through the Governor's executive orders and DECD sector rules

Citation: Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-024) Open the exhibit

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-029

No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Second Modification and Extension of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 44085 (July 21, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 77 (in force on the last day)

[second extension of the No Sail Order through September 30, 2020]

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-029) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-332

General Order 72-5

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-5)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from July 23, 2020 to Sept. 16, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court records that a State order capping in-court proceedings at ten people 'necessarily precludes jury trials' (July 2020)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 56

[WHEREAS the State's July 2020 orders limit] permissible in-court criminal proceedings to ten people, which necessarily precludes jury trials;... 1. No new jury trial will be conducted through September 30, 2020. Any jury trial currently scheduled to commence before October 1, 2020, will be postponed or vacated. However, individual judges may offer bench trials by videoconference in lieu of postponement. 2. Through September 30, 2020, all civil matters will be decided on the papers...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-5 (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-332) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-172

Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor)

Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 85 Fed. Reg. 57677 (Sept. 16, 2020)

Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Sept. 11, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: WF; HR (health care employers lost the broad exclusion from Sept. 16, 2020)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

DATES: This rule is effective from September 16, 2020 through December 31, 2020.... On August 3, 2020, the District Court ruled that four parts of the temporary rule are invalid: (1) The requirement under § 826.20 that paid sick leave and expanded family and medical leave are available only if an employee has work from which to take leave; (2) the requirement under § 826.50 that an employee may take FFCRA leave intermittently only with employer approval; (3) the definition of an employee who is a 'health care provider,' set forth in § 826.30(c)(1), whom an employer may exclude from being eligible for FFCRA leave; and (4) the statement in § 826.100 that employees who take FFCRA leave must provide their employers with certain documentation before taking leave.

Enforcement: FLSA enforcement

Citation: Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-172) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-333

General Order 72-6

In re: COVID Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-6)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to public events and tours; most appearances remote; in force Sept. 16, 2020 - June 30, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

Orders as follows, effective immediately: 1. Jury trials and bench trials may proceed in accordance with the logistical considerations [necessitated by the pandemic]... 3. Other court appearances may be waived or postponed, or may be conducted by telephone or [videoconference]... [in-person proceedings other than trials] are suspended pending further notice, unless a judge orders otherwise in a specific case.... 3. Pending further notice, the courthouses and law libraries are closed for public events, tours, and [gatherings]... 4. Effective immediately, this General Order supersedes General Order 72-5. ADOPTED: September 16, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-154

QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 17, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Gathering capHealth care orders
Functions reached: VS visitation (outdoor preferred; indoor only where no new onset of cases in 14 days and county positivity below 10 percent; compassionate care); DN communal activities; RS cohorting
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 14 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: F-tag F563 and F880 survey enforcement

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-154) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-030

No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Third Modification and Extension of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 62732 (Oct. 5, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 30, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 1 (in force on the last day)

[extends the No Sail Order to the earliest of the PHE's expiration, rescission, or] October 31, 2020.

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-088

Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020)

Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19

OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (all employers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 9, 2020 to Jan. 29, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Workplace rules
Functions reached: EMP context: the federal template (exposure-risk pyramid; engineering, administrative and PPE controls) that State workplace orders incorporated by reference
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

This guidance is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace.... the Act's General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Enforcement: None as guidance; general duty clause citations used it as the measure of recognized hazard and feasible abatement

Citation: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020) (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-088) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-098

QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)

QSO-20-18-HHA

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid home health agencies) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care orders
Functions reached: HC in-home visits (pre-visit screening); IC infection control; HR/WF staff monitoring
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

This memorandum responds to questions we have received and provides important guidance for all Medicare and Medicaid participating Home Health Agencies (HHAs) in addressing the COVID-19 outbreak and minimizing transmission to other individuals.... HHAs should be monitoring the health status of everyone (patients/residents/visitors/staff/etc.) in the homecare setting for signs or symptoms of COVID-19.... When making a home visit, HHAs should identify patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the home.

Enforcement: HHA CoP survey and certification (42 C.F.R. § 484.70)

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-006

Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020)

Letter from President Donald J. Trump on Emergency Determination under the Stafford Act

President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), United States (every State, Tribe, territory and the District of Columbia) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for every State's FEMA Public Assistance Category B measures (the funding behind State and local emergency operations)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Therefore, as an initial step, I hereby determine, under section 501(b) of the Stafford Act, that an emergency exists nationwide. In accordance with this determination, the Federal Emergency Management Agency may provide, as appropriate, assistance pursuant to section 502 and 503 of the Stafford Act for emergency protective measures not authorized under other Federal statutes.

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-202

Proclamation 9993

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Schengen Area), 85 Fed. Reg. 15045 (Mar. 16, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 11, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound European business travel; SC European supplier visits and engineering support; MK European attendance at U.S. trade shows; CB European customers and distributors; TR outbound travel (European reciprocal bans as facts and circumstances)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the Schengen Area during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 5. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern daylight time on March 13, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS; removal priority for circumvention

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-203

Proclamation 9996

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland), 85 Fed. Reg. 15341 (Mar. 18, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 14, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound UK and Irish business travel; CB UK and Irish customers; MK trade shows
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the United Kingdom, excluding overseas territories outside of Europe, or the Republic of Ireland during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 5. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern daylight time on March 16, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-311

Standing Order 2020-04

In re: COVID-19 Pandemic Procedures

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

WHEREAS, normal court operations and procedures may necessarily need to be amended or suspended on a temporary basis given the exigent circumstances created by the COVID-19 event, the Court finds it necessary to establish a miscellaneous case, In re COVID-19 [Pandemic Procedures, in which all COVID-19 orders are docketed]... ORDERED that these temporary orders shall be rescinded by order of the Chief Judge when circumstances warrant.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-367

Circular 26-20-7

Special Relief for those Potentially Impacted by COVID-19

Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, United States (VA-guaranteed home loans) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: ML mortgage origination (in-person appointments, appraisals); AP appraisals; SV
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

2. Veterans. If you have an in-person appointment scheduled with your lender, [servicer or appraiser, contact them about alternatives]... 3. Lenders and Servicers. Lenders should have continuity of operation plans in [place]... 4. Appraisers. Appraisers should continue to conduct business as outlined in [VA guidance while observing public health precautions]... 5. Rescission: This Circular is rescinded April 1, 2021.

Enforcement: VA program guidance to participants

Citation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-194

Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency

Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 22024 (Apr. 21, 2020)

HHS Office for Civil Rights, United States (HIPAA covered health care providers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersOther
Functions reached: TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health, dental consultations ('dental consultation or psychological evaluation' named in the notice)); CL clinical intake moved remote; OF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

As a matter of enforcement discretion, the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) will not impose penalties for noncompliance with the regulatory requirements under the HIPAA rules against covered health care providers in connection with the good faith provision of telehealth during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency.... A covered health care provider that wants to use audio or video communication technology to provide telehealth to patients during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency can use any non-public facing remote communication product that is available to communicate with patients.... This exercise of discretion applies to telehealth provided for any reason, regardless of whether the telehealth service is related to the diagnosis and treatment of health conditions related to COVID-19.

Enforcement: Non-enforcement of HIPAA penalties for good-faith telehealth

Citation: HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-070

Executive Order 13909

Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 16227 (Mar. 23, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (all health and medical resources needed to respond to COVID-19) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Supply chain
Functions reached: SC supply of PPE, respirators, ventilators and testing supplies to every industry (dental, physician practices, hospitals, home care, manufacturing, construction, personal services); DS distribution of medical products (wholesale-distribution); PF production floors of medical manufacturers under rated orders
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Accordingly, I find that health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19, including personal protective equipment and ventilators, meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)).... Sec. 2. Priorities and Allocation of Medical Resources. (a)... the authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense... is delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to all health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19 within the United States. (b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may use the authority…

Enforcement: DPA § 101 priority ratings and allocation orders; DPA § 103 (50 U.S.C. § 4513) criminal penalties for willful violation

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-265

OMB Memorandum M-20-17

Administrative Relief for Recipients and Applicants of Federal Financial Assistance Directly Impacted by the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) due to Loss of Operations

Office of Management and Budget, United States (federal financial assistance recipients) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PJ grant-funded projects, research and services paused (the memorandum's own premise is loss of operations); CB nonprofit, university and health-care grantees
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

This memorandum provides similar administrative relief listed in M-20-11 to an expanded scope of recipients affected by the loss of operational capacity and increased costs due to the COVID-19 crisis.... awarding agencies may extend awards which were active as of March 31, 2020 and scheduled to expire prior or up to December 31, 2020, automatically at no cost for a period of up to twelve months.

Enforcement: OMB directive to awarding agencies

Citation: Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-17 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-265) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-292

Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)

Order extending the deadline to file petitions for writs of certiorari to 150 days and relaxing extension and distribution rules in light of COVID-19

Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT federal litigation timetables lengthened nationwide; CS law firms, appellate practice
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

In light of the ongoing public health concerns relating to COVID-19, the following shall apply to cases prior to a ruling on a petition for a writ of certiorari: IT IS ORDERED that the deadline to file any petition for a writ of certiorari due on or after the date of this order is extended to 150 days from the date of the lower court judgment, order denying discretionary review, or order denying a timely petition for rehearing.... These modifications will remain in effect until further order of the Court.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-381

USDA Rural Development foreclosure and eviction moratorium for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loan borrowers: Mar. 19, 2020 (60 days) and extensions to June 30, Aug. 31 and Dec. 31, 2020 (releases of May 2020, June 2020 and Aug./Sept. 2020)

USDA Extends Foreclosure and Eviction Relief for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed Loan Borrowers (2020 series)

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, United States (USDA Rural Development Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loans) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: SV rural mortgage servicing; ML; PM
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Enforcement: USDA program requirements

Citation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, USDA Rural Development foreclosure and eviction moratorium for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loan borrowers: Mar. 19, 2020 (60 days) and extensions to June 30, Aug. 31 and Dec. 31, 2020 (releases of May 2020, June 2020 and Aug./Sept. 2020) (Ex. FED-381)

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (22 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-192	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192)	In force from Apr. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capTravel and quarantine
Ex. FED-097	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Sept. 17, 2020	Business closureGathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-157	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157)	In force from May 18, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-027	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-390	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020	Business closure
Ex. FED-391	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-170	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions) (Ex. FED-170)	In force from Apr. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Mar. 18, 2020)	Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-171	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-171)	In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 1, 2020)	Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-028	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028)	In force from Apr. 15, 2020 to July 24, 2020 (issued Apr. 9, 2020)	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-398	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)	Gathering capOther
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-393	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-393)	In force from May 21, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 17, 2020)	Business closure
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders

123 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Ex. SEC-27-003

Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education

Mandatory health and safety standards for the resumption of in-person instruction and campus operations at every degree-granting institution

Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, New Jersey (State)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021 (issued June 18, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: IN; HS; AT; RS; ST; WF; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Enforcement: N.J.S.A. App. A:9-49, -50 (via EO 155 and EO 175)

Citation: Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)

Ex. SEC-27-026

Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (Aug. 11, 2020)

Postponement of all fall 2020 sports competition, including football; reinstated Sept. 16, 2020 for an Oct. 23-24 start

Big Ten Council of Presidents and Chancellors, Big Ten Conference (fourteen universities, twelve public; context only) (Sector regulator)

Dates: In force from Aug. 11, 2020 to Sept. 16, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Events and venues
Functions reached: AT; CB; MK
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 37

Enforcement: None (private)

Citation: Big Ten Council of Presidents and Chancellors, Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (Aug. 11, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-026)

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (2 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-27-002	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)	In force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. SEC-27-024	Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-024)	In force from May 6, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolationOther

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-031

CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order

Framework for Conditional Sailing and Initial Phase COVID-19 Testing Requirements for Protection of Crew, 85 Fed. Reg. 70153 (Nov. 4, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (cruise ships operating or intending to operate in U.S. waters) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Oct. 30, 2020 to Nov. 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Capacity limitTravel and quarantineEvents and venuesWorkplace rules
Functions reached: TV travel demand; GS group sales; CB passengers and port economies; SC; EVT (shipboard events, conventions at sea)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 63 (in force on the last day)

This Order establishes a framework for a phased approach to resuming cruise ship passenger operations in U.S. waters. This phased approach will include: (1) Establishment of laboratory testing of crew onboard cruise ships in U.S. waters; (2) simulated voyages designed to test a cruise ship operators' ability to mitigate COVID-19 onboard cruise ships; (3) a certification process; and (4) a return to passenger voyages in a manner that mitigates the risk of COVID-19 introduction, transmission, or spread among passengers and crew onboard ships and ashore to communities.... This Order is effective upon signature and shall remain in effect until the earliest of... (3) November 1, 2021.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.18, 71.2; Coast Guard

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-339

Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency (Eighth Amended)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from Nov. 13, 2020 to Jan. 12, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the winter 2020-21 re-tightening: all jury trials suspended until further order (Nov. 13, 2020); in force Dec. 31, 2020 and Jan. 1, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 49 (in force on the last day)

it is hereby ORDERED:... 2. All civil and criminal jury trials are suspended until further order of this Court.... 9. All public gatherings are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse in Rockford...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-303

Standing Order 20-17

In re: Suspension of In-Person Judicial Proceedings and Modification of Second Extension of Standing Order 2020-12, Due to the Resurgence of COVID-19

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Nov. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court in New Jersey suspended all in-person proceedings for the winter 2020-21 resurgence; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 37 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, on June 25, 2020, New Jersey issued a travel advisory... [which] ballooned to 46 states and U.S. jurisdictions, as of November 17, 2020;... WHEREAS, on November 23, 2020, COVID-19-related hospitalizations in New Jersey [reached their highest level since May]... [ORDERED that all in-person judicial proceedings in the District, including criminal proceedings, are suspended]...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-034

CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')

Notice of Order Under Sections 362 and 365 of the Public Health Service Act Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists, 85 Fed. Reg. 17060 (Mar. 26, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), United States land borders with Canada and Mexico (ports of entry and Border Patrol stations) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TR/TRAV cross-border movement of persons at the land borders (with the DHS land-border notices, FED-B); WF border-region labor markets; CB border-community commerce
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

For simplicity, I shall refer to the persons covered by this order as 'covered aliens.' I suspend the introduction of all covered aliens into the United States for a period of 30 days, starting from the date of this order. I may extend this order if necessary to protect the public health.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; implemented by DHS/CBP expulsions

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-039

Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40)

Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes, 85 Fed. Reg. 16559 (Mar. 24, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Oct. 13, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TRAV (legal basis of FED-034 to FED-037)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 13 (in force on the first day)

This interim final rule provides a procedure for CDC to suspend the introduction of persons from designated countries or places, if required, in the interest of public health. DATES: Effective date: This interim final rule is effective on 11:59 p.m. EDT on March 20th, 2020.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-039) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-132

FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)

New York; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20702 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (New York) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [New York] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [New York].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-266

OMB Memorandum M-20-18

Managing Federal Contract Performance Issues Associated with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), United States (federal contractors) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Functions reached: PL staffing, janitorial, security and IT contractor personnel at federal sites; PJ contract performance postponed or converted to telework; CB federal contractor base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Agencies are urged to work with their contractors, if they haven't already, to evaluate and maximize telework for contractor employees, wherever possible.... if a contractor is unable to perform in a timely manner due to quarantining, social distancing, or other COVID-19 related interruptions, agencies should consider whether excusable delay provisions apply...

Enforcement: OMB directive to contracting officers

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (33 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-157	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157)	In force from May 18, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-027	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-390	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020	Business closure
Ex. FED-170	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions) (Ex. FED-170)	In force from Apr. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Mar. 18, 2020)	Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-171	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-171)	In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 1, 2020)	Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-398	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)	Gathering capOther
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-172	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-172)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Sept. 11, 2020)	Schools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-154	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-154)	In force from Sept. 17, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021	Gathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-030	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030)	In force from Sept. 30, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-088	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020) (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-088)	In force from Mar. 9, 2020 to Jan. 29, 2021	Workplace rules
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-202	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 11, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-203	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 14, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-367	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 1, 2021	Other
Ex. FED-194	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-070	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-265	Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-17 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-265)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-381	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, USDA Rural Development foreclosure and eviction moratorium for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loan borrowers: Mar. 19, 2020 (60 days) and extensions to June 30, Aug. 31 and Dec. 31, 2020 (releases of May 2020, June 2020 and Aug./Sept. 2020) (Ex. FED-381)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other

120 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (2 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-27-002	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)	In force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. SEC-27-003	Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)	In force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021 (issued June 18, 2020)	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-060

Executive Order 13991

Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing, 86 Fed. Reg. 7045 (Jan. 25, 2021)

President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., United States (federal buildings and lands; federal employees and on-site contractors) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 20, 2021 to May 9, 2023
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Functions reached: CS client meetings at federal sites (professional services); JS federal construction sites; DL/SV field service at federal facilities; CT federal courthouses and agency offices (masking and distancing conditions on entry); MK federally hosted meetings
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 71 (in force on the last day)

Sec. 2. Immediate Action Regarding Federal Employees, Contractors, Buildings, and Lands. (a) The heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall immediately take action, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to require compliance with CDC guidelines with respect to wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, and other public health measures by: on-duty or on-site Federal employees; on-site Federal contractors; and all persons in Federal buildings or on Federal lands.

Enforcement: Agency directives; contract terms; building-access conditions; created the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (§ 4) whose July and September 2021 rules are FED-B's

Citation: President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-270

Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles

COVID-19 Safe Federal Workplace: Agency Model Safety Principles

Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, United States (executive branch; all federal buildings and federal lands) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 24, 2021 to June 10, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal workplaces capped at 25 percent occupancy; CS visitors to federal buildings minimized and screened; PJ on-site contractors masked and screened; TR official travel limited to mission-critical trips; MK federal attendance at meetings and events curtailed
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 67 (in force on the last day)

agencies should immediately require masks and distancing consistent with current CDC guidance in all Federal buildings... Unless it is physically impossible or poses a threat to critical national security interests, generally speaking, occupancy in Federal workplaces should be no more than 25% of normal capacity during periods of significant or high community transmission... No Federal workplace should operate above 25% of normal occupancy standards at any given time during periods of high community prevalence or transmission.

Enforcement: EO 13991 § 2 compliance requirement for employees, on-site contractors and all persons in federal buildings; agency COVID-19 Coordination Teams

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-296

Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency (Tenth Amended)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Chicago, Rockford) (Court)

Dates: In force from Feb. 12, 2021 to Apr. 5, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT Chicago's federal court: no jury trials Mar. 17, 2020 - Apr. 5, 2021, in ten successive orders; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 48 (in force on the last day)

it is hereby ORDERED:... 2. All civil and criminal jury trials are suspended until April 5, 2021.... 9. All public gatherings are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse in Rockford...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-155

QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19

QSO-20-39-NH (REVISED 03/10/2021)

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 10, 2021 to Apr. 27, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capHealth care orders
Functions reached: VS visitation (indoor visitation to be allowed at all times except the three limiting scenarios)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 22 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: F-tag F563

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (Ex. FED-155) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-305

Standing Order 21-02

In re: Further Suspension of In-Person Judicial Proceedings and Limitations of Grand Jury Proceedings Due to COVID-19

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2021 to June 1, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, in response to the continuing pandemic, on January 19, 2021, the Governor [of New Jersey extended the public health emergency]...; [the Court] remains in Phase Three of its Recovery Guidelines, mandating the wearing of face coverings,... [the suspension of in-person proceedings] remains in effect until March 17, 2021,... [the Court] found it necessary to continue all civil and criminal jury selections and jury trials to March 12, [2021]...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-008

Memorandum of February 2, 2021

Maximizing Assistance From the Federal Emergency Management Agency To Respond to COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 8281 (Feb. 5, 2021)

President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B, pursuant to sections 403 (42 U.S.C. 5170b), 502 (42 U.S.C. 5192), and 503 (42 U.S.C. 5193) of the Stafford Act... performed from January 21, 2021, through September 30, 2021. (b) FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B... performed from January 20, 2020, through January 20, 2021.

Enforcement: Funding directive

Citation: President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-104

FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)

California; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20703 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (California) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [California] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [California].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-147

FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Washington; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20704 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Washington) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Washington] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Washington].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-071

Executive Order 13910

Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 17001 (Mar. 26, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Supply chain
Functions reached: SC PPE procurement and inventory of every employer; RT retail of designated materials; DS wholesale distribution
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

Sec. 2. Delegation of Authority to Prevent Hoarding. (a) The Secretary is delegated the following: (i) the authority of the President conferred by section 102 of the Act to prevent hoarding of health and medical resources necessary to respond to the spread of COVID-19 within the United States, including the authority to prescribe conditions with respect to the accumulation of such resources, and to designate any material as a scarce material, or as a material the supply of which would be threatened by persons accumulating the material either in excess of reasonable demands of business, personal, or home consumption, or for the purpose of resale at prices in excess of prevailing market prices

Enforcement: DPA § 103 criminal penalties (50 U.S.C. § 4513); Department of Justice COVID-19 Hoarding and Price Gouging Task Force

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-099

CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-20-ALL, Prioritization of Survey Activities

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (all Medicare/Medicaid certified providers and suppliers; CLIA laboratories) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT/HR licensure, certification and survey functions of every certified provider (initial certifications, changes of ownership and revisits delayed); IC (focused infection control surveys imposed)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

On Friday, March 13, 2020, the President declared a national emergency, which triggers the Secretary's ability to authorize waivers or modifications of certain requirements pursuant to section 1135 of the Social Security Act (the Act). [CMS suspends standard surveys and prioritizes survey activity to immediate jeopardy complaints, infection control surveys and other listed categories for a three-week period, then as extended.]

Enforcement: Governs State Survey Agency operations (federal survey and certification)

Ex. FED-115

FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Iowa; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20704 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Iowa) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Iowa] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Iowa].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (29 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-157	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157)	In force from May 18, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-398	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)	Gathering capOther
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-154	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-154)	In force from Sept. 17, 2020 to Mar. 10, 2021	Gathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-031	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)	In force from Oct. 30, 2020 to Nov. 1, 2021	Capacity limitTravel and quarantineEvents and venuesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-339	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339)	In force from Nov. 13, 2020 to Jan. 12, 2021	Gathering capCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-303	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303)	In force from Nov. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-202	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 11, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-203	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 14, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-367	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 1, 2021	Other
Ex. FED-194	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-070	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-034	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-132	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration

135 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (2 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-27-002	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)	In force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. SEC-27-003	Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)	In force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021 (issued June 18, 2020)	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-156

QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3)

QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (REVISED 04/27/2021)

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 27, 2021 to Nov. 12, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: VS visitation and access (home-care-senior-living; hospice; clergy CR; families); IC screening and masking of every entrant regardless of vaccination; DN communal dining and activities (conducted under the core principles); HR/WF and vendor access (staffing PL; personal services SL in-facility salons; physician CL on-site visits); RS cohorting and quarantine
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 65 (in force on the last day)

Core Principles of COVID-19 Infection Prevention: Screening of all who enter the facility for signs and symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., temperature checks, questions about and observations of signs or symptoms), and denial of entry of those with signs or symptoms or those who have had close contact with someone with COVID-19 infection in the prior 14 days (regardless of the visitor's vaccination status)... Face covering or mask (covering mouth and nose) and social distancing at least six feet between persons, in accordance with CDC guidance... Resident and staff testing conducted as required at 42 CFR § 483.80(h) (see QSO-20-38-NH Revised). These core principles are consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance for nursing homes, and should be adhered to at all times.... Facilities should allow indoor visitation at all times and for all residents (regardless…

Enforcement: Survey enforcement under F563 (visitation) and F880 (infection control); civil money penalties

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-032

Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual

Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual, 86 Fed. Reg. 24865 (May 10, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from May 5, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Capacity limitTravel and quarantineWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 57 (in force on the last day)

[notice of the technical instructions implementing the CSO's phases: port agreements, simulated voyages, COVID-19 Conditional Sailing Certificates, testing and vaccination thresholds for restricted revenue voyages]

Enforcement: as for FED-031

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-080

Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)

Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (every setting 'where any employee provides healthcare services or healthcare support services'; federal OSHA States directly, State-plan States through adoption within 30 days) (Federal)

Dates: In force from June 21, 2021 to Dec. 27, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Capacity limitFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: IC infection control (hospitals, physician practices, dental, home care); ED/CL intake and waiting rooms (entry limits, screening, triage); SX/PR procedures (aerosol-generating procedure rules, § 1910.502(g)); VS visitation and access (non-employee screening); HR/WF (daily employee screening; medical removal; paid vaccination leave); OF administration (written plan, safety coordinator, recordkeeping); SC PPE (respirators for exposure to suspected or confirmed COVID-19)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 10 (in force on the last day)

§ 1910.502(a)(1): 'Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, this section applies to all settings where any employee provides healthcare services or healthcare support services.' (a)(2): 'This section does not apply to the following: (i) The provision of first aid by an employee who is not a licensed healthcare provider; (ii) The dispensing of prescriptions by pharmacists in retail settings; (iii) Non-hospital ambulatory care settings where all non-employees are screened prior to entry and people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are not permitted to enter those settings; (iv) Well-defined hospital ambulatory care settings where all employees are fully vaccinated and all non-employees are screened prior to entry and people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 are not permitted to enter those settings; (v) Home healthcare settings where all employees are fully vaccinated and all…

Enforcement: Citations and civil penalties under OSH Act §§ 9, 17 (29 U.S.C. §§ 658, 666); inspection procedures DIR 2021-02 (FED-081); § 11(c) and § 1910.502(o) anti-retaliation

Citation: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-118

FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Louisiana; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20701 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Louisiana) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Louisiana] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Louisiana].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-118) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-183

Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices

Emergency Use Authorization Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 17335 (Mar. 27, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationSupply chain
Functions reached: context for SC (ventilators, face shields, gowns, decontamination)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, HHS, requested that the FDA, HHS, issue an EUA for certain medical devices to allow the Department to take response measures based on information currently available about the virus that causes COVID-19. The determination of a public health emergency, and the declaration that circumstances exist justifying emergency use of certain medical devices by the Secretary of HHS, as described below, enable the FDA Commissioner to issue an EUA for these devices for emergency use under section 564 of the FD&C Act.

Enforcement: Framework

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-183) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-074

Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures

Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures, 85 Fed. Reg. 17592 (Mar. 30, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Supply chain
Functions reached: SC PPE for every industry (dental CH/ST/SC; physician SC; hospitals SC; home care SC; personal services SL; construction JS; manufacturing PF)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

The following materials are designated pursuant to section 102 of the Defense Production Act (50 U.S.C. 4512) and Executive Order 13910 of March 23, 2020 (Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19) as scarce materials or threatened materials: 1. N-95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators, including devices that are disposable half-face-piece nonpowered air-purifying particulate respirators intended for use to cover the nose and mouth of the wearer to help reduce wearer exposure to pathogenic biological airborne particulates 2. Other Filtering Facepiece Respirators (e.g., those designated as N99, N100, R95, R99, R100, or P95, P99, P100)... [and] elastomeric respirators, PAPRs, surgical masks, gloves, face shields, gowns, ventilators, sterilization services, disinfecting devices, medical gowns, sanitizing and disinfecting products

Enforcement: DPA § 103 criminal penalties; DOJ hoarding prosecutions

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-109

FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Florida; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20700 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Florida) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Florida] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Florida].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-109) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (33 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-398	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)	Gathering capOther
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-031	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)	In force from Oct. 30, 2020 to Nov. 1, 2021	Capacity limitTravel and quarantineEvents and venuesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-060	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060)	In force from Jan. 20, 2021 to May 9, 2023	Gathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-270	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270)	In force from Jan. 24, 2021 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-296	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296)	In force from Feb. 12, 2021 to Apr. 5, 2021	Gathering capCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-155	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (Ex. FED-155)	In force from Mar. 10, 2021 to Apr. 27, 2021	Gathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-305	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305)	In force from Mar. 17, 2021 to June 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-008	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-194	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-070	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-034	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-132	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-104	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-147	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-071	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-115	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration

125 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Ex. SEC-27-014

House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312

Unlawful discriminatory practice for a person or governmental entity to refuse services, goods, facilities, educational opportunities or employment based on vaccination status; employers may not require vaccination status; public accommodations may not exclude

Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, Montana (State)

Dates: In force from May 7, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Workplace rulesVaccination or testingOther
Functions reached: IN no vaccination condition on educational opportunities; HR; WF; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 55 (in force on the last day)

49-2-312. Discrimination based on vaccination status or possession of immunity passport prohibited -- definitions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), it is an unlawful discriminatory practice for: (a) a person or a governmental entity to refuse, withhold from, or deny to a person any local or state services, goods, facilities, advantages, privileges, licensing, educational opportunities, health care access, or employment opportunities based on the person's vaccination status or whether the person has an immunity passport; (b) an employer to refuse employment to a person, to bar a person from employment, or to discriminate against a person in compensation or in a term, condition, or privilege of employment based on the person's vaccination status or whether the person has an immunity passport; or (c) a public accommodation to exclude, limit, segregate, refuse to serve, or otherwise…

Enforcement: Montana Human Rights Act remedies (Mont. Code Ann. Title 49, ch. 2)

Citation: Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (2 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-27-002	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)	In force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. SEC-27-003	Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)	In force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021 (issued June 18, 2020)	Capacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-272

COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks

COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (Issued July 29, 2021)

Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, United States (all federal buildings and federal lands; federally hosted meetings) (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 29, 2021 to Sept. 13, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: CS vendor, contractor and visitor entry to every federal building conditioned on vaccination status or testing from July 29, 2021; MK federally hosted meetings, conferences and events over 50 participants restricted; TR federal official travel for the unvaccinated limited to mission-critical trips; OF masks in federal buildings in areas of substantial or high transmission regardless of vaccination status (which by August 2021 was nearly the whole country)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 47

Federal agencies need to ask about the vaccination status of Federal employees and onsite contractors -- employees and onsite contractors must sign an attestation confirming their vaccination status, or they will be treated as not fully vaccinated for purposes of safety protocols.... Visitors must provide information on their vaccination status and comply with the requisite safety protocols.... [for employees and contractors] who are not fully vaccinated or who decline to provide information about their vaccination status, official domestic travel should be limited to only necessary mission-critical trips.... Should an agency intend to host an in-person meeting, conference, or event that will be attended by more than 50 participants -- regardless of whether participants include members of the public -- the agency must first seek the approval of its agency head, in consultation with the…

Enforcement: EO 13991 § 2; agency safety plans; attestation under penalty of administrative action (Certification of Vaccination form, Ex. FED-278)

Citation: Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks (Ex. FED-272) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-307

Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (Updated Amended, Sept. 3, 2021)

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 3, 2021 to Dec. 29, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Capacity limitFace-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT jury selections capped at one per vicinage; masks for all entrants regardless of vaccination status; temperature screening (Sept. 2021); CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 28 (in force on the last day)

[WHEREAS the Delta] and other variants, and on July 27, 2021, the CDC recommended that all persons, including those fully vaccinated against COVID-19, wear a mask in public indoor settings, in areas of [substantial or high transmission]... [the Court has required] full vaccination of its employees, while continuing its protocols of temperature screening and hand sanitizing by all entrants to the District's courthouses, and mask wearing in all public areas of Court facilities by entrants and occupants thereof, regardless of vaccination status;... 1. No more than one jury selection, either civil or criminal, shall occur in each vicinage of this Court at one time... 2. Multiple, simultaneous jury trials may be conducted in each of this Court's vicinages, but the number of simultaneous criminal jury trials involving detainees in each [vicinage is limited]... DATED: September 3, 2021

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-130

FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic)

New Jersey; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20700 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (New Jersey) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [New Jersey] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [New Jersey].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-130) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-133

FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic)

North Carolina; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20701 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (North Carolina) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [North Carolina] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [North Carolina].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-133) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-143

FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Texas; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20699 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Texas) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Texas] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Texas].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-143) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-113

FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Illinois; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20703 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Illinois) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Illinois] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Illinois].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. FED-113) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (34 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-398	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	In force from May 20, 2020 to Jan. 3, 2023 (issued May 15, 2020)	Gathering capOther
Ex. FED-031	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)	In force from Oct. 30, 2020 to Nov. 1, 2021	Capacity limitTravel and quarantineEvents and venuesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-060	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060)	In force from Jan. 20, 2021 to May 9, 2023	Gathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-156	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156)	In force from Apr. 27, 2021 to Nov. 12, 2021	Gathering capFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-032	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032)	In force from May 5, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021	Capacity limitTravel and quarantineWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Ex. FED-080	Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080)	In force from June 21, 2021 to Dec. 27, 2021	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Ex. FED-008	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-194	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-070	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-034	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-132	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-104	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-147	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-071	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-115	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-118	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-118)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-183	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-183)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-074	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074)	In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-109	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-109)	In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration

127 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

Ex. SEC-27-016

Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after Nov. 1, 2021)

Proof of a completed COVID-19 vaccination series required to enroll in courses at a university, community college or state college on or after November 1, 2021 (distance-only students exempt)

Nevada State Board of Health, Nevada (State)

Dates: In force from Aug. 20, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Schools and child careVaccination or testing
Functions reached: IN; HS; AD; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 42 (in force on the last day)

(text held at Ex. NV-055: 'a person shall not enroll in courses at a university, community college, or state college on or after November 1, 2021, unless the person submits to the institution proof of a completed COVID-19 vaccination series.... Any student who is enrolled in a program of distance education and who does not attend a class on campus is exempt')

Enforcement: NAC 441A (enrollment condition)

Citation: Nevada State Board of Health, Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after Nov. 1, 2021) (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-016)

Ex. SEC-27-015

R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and discrimination

A public school or state institution of higher education shall not require an individual to receive a vaccine lacking full FDA approval or discriminate against an individual who has not received one

Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, Ohio (State)

Dates: In force from Oct. 13, 2021; end: In force (statute) (issued July 14, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Schools and child careVaccination or testingOther
Functions reached: IN; HS; HR; WF; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 0

Section 3792.04... Effective: October 13, 2021 Latest Legislation: House Bill 244 - 134th General Assembly... (B) Notwithstanding any conflicting provision of the Revised Code, a public school or state institution of higher education shall not do either of the following: (1) Require an individual to receive a vaccine for which the United States food and drug administration has not granted full approval; (2) Discriminate against an individual who has not received a vaccine described in division (B)(1) of this section, including by requiring the individual to engage in or refrain from engaging in activities or precautions that differ from the activities or precautions of an individual who has received such a vaccine.

Enforcement: Statutory prohibition binding State institutions

Citation: Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and discrimination (July 14, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-015) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-27-001

University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program

Systemwide COVID-19 Vaccination Program: vaccination a condition of physical presence at any University Location or Program for Personnel, Students and Trainees

University of California, Office of the President (President Michael V. Drake), California (University of California, a constitutional corporation; ten campuses, five medical centers) (State)

Dates: In force from July 15, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Workplace rulesVaccination or testingOther
Functions reached: IN in-person instruction conditioned on vaccination status; HS University housing; RS laboratories and clinical training; HR every employee and trainee; WF workforce presence conditioned on vaccination or exception; CB students
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 78 (in force on the last day)

this policy provides for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program under which any Covered Individual is required, subject to limited deferrals, exceptions, and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 before physically accessing the University's Locations and Programs. This policy further provides that Locations must begin collecting proof of vaccination and processing requests for Exceptions and Deferrals for all Covered Individuals no later than July 15, 2021, to facilitate fall planning efforts.... Participation is a condition of Physical Presence at any University Location or Program

Enforcement: Condition of physical presence, enrollment and employment; exceptions subject to masking, testing and other non-pharmaceutical interventions

Citation: University of California, Office of the President (President Michael V. Drake), University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program (July 15, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-27-013

California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy

Students, faculty and staff accessing campus facilities required to be vaccinated for the fall 2021 term (compliance by Sept. 30, 2021 as announced), with medical and religious exemptions

Chancellor Joseph I. Castro (Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy), California (California State University; 23 campuses) (State)

Dates: In force from July 27, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Workplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: IN; HS; HR; WF; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 66 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: Condition of campus access, enrollment and employment

Citation: Chancellor Joseph I. Castro (Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy), California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy (Ex. SEC-27-013)

Ex. SEC-27-011

CUNY Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fall 2021 Safety Guidance: vaccination mandate for students in in-person and hybrid classes; masks in all CUNY campuses and buildings; testing program for unvaccinated persons

Vaccination required of all students taking in-person or hybrid classes for fall 2021 (FDA approval of Aug. 23, 2021 triggered the Sept. 27 upload and Oct. 7 verification deadlines); masks required inside all CUNY facilities; weekly testing of unvaccinated persons

City University of New York (Board of Trustees and Chancellor Felix V. Matos Rodriguez), New York (City University of New York; 25 campuses; public university system of the City and State) (City)

Dates: In force from Aug. 23, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Aug. 25, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesVaccination or testingQuarantine and isolation
Functions reached: IN in-person and hybrid instruction conditioned on vaccination; HS; ST access to every building; WF employees under weekly testing; CB students
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 39 (in force on the last day)

CUNY's vaccination policy requires all students taking in-person and hybrid classes to get vaccinated and upload proof of vaccination in CUNYfirst.... Track final safety deadlines below following the full FDA approval of a vaccine on 8/23/21. Unvaccinated students now have until 9/27/21 to upload their vaccination documentation to CUNYfirst (so their documents can be checked and approved by 10/7/21 or 45 days after full FDA approval). Students taking in-person or hybrid classes who fail to follow the vaccine mandate per CUNY policy will be subject to potential academic withdrawal that could also impact their financial aid... Wear a mask inside all CUNY campuses and buildings, including while in class.... With COVID-19 cases on the rise because of the Delta variant, we must all #MaskUpCUNY for now.

Enforcement: Academic withdrawal; exclusion from CUNY facilities without VaxPass or weekly negative test

Citation: City University of New York (Board of Trustees and Chancellor Felix V. Matos Rodriguez), CUNY Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fall 2021 Safety Guidance: vaccination mandate for students in in-person and hybrid classes; masks in all CUNY campuses and buildings; testing program for unvaccinated persons (Aug. 25, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-011) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (1 instrument):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-27-014	Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014)	In force from May 7, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testingOther

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force, Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (nationally)

In force during the third quarter of 2021 (an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it):

6. The industry's regime in the States

No State was selected. The industry's State-by-State regime table is on the industry page at covidproject.com/industries/higher-education.

7. Group meetings, trade shows and seasons the industry lost

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, seasons and tournaments this industry lost in the quarters selected, with the reason each organizer gave. A cancelled meeting is a limitation on group meetings in the statute's words, and it reached the industry's customer base and its sales calendar.

Date	Organizer	Event	What the notice said	Exhibit
Mar. 1, 2020	American Physical Society	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-012
Mar. 9, 2020	American Chemical Society	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-013
Mar. 12, 2020	National Collegiate Athletic Association (President Mark Emmert and the Board of Governors)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-001
Mar. 16, 2020	Law School Admission Council	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-002
Mar. 17, 2020	Higher Learning Commission (the regional accreditor for nineteen States)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-014
Mar. 20, 2020	institutions	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-024
Mar. 21, 2020	institutions under the State orders and system directives	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-025
Mar. 22, 2020	American Educational Research Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-016
Mar. 22, 2020	campus presenters (Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, University of Illinois, as the read example)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-028
Mar. 27, 2020	Middle States Commission on Higher Education (the regional accreditor for Delaware, D.C., Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-003
Mar. 30, 2020	WASC Senior College and University Commission (the regional accreditor for California, Hawaii and the Pacific)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-015
Apr. 1, 2020	NAFSA: Association of International Educators (board of directors)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-010
Apr. 20, 2020	National Association of College and University Business Officers	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-036
June 1, 2020	American Sociological Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-020
June 5, 2020	American Political Science Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-022
June 8, 2020	Council for Advancement and Support of Education	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-035
June 21, 2020	National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-029
June 21, 2020	American College Health Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-030
July 20, 2020	Society for College and University Planning	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-009
Aug. 11, 2020	Pac-12 Conference (CEO Group)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-007
Aug. 16, 2020	Association of Public and Land-grant Universities	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-004
Sept. 7, 2020	Modern Language Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-021
Sept. 10, 2020	Texas A&M Athletics (12th Man Foundation)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-033
Sept. 14, 2020	EDUCAUSE	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-011
Nov. 4, 2020	EDSIG and ISCAP (EDSIGCON/CONISAR); University Business (UB Tech); Instructure (InstructureCON)	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-008
Nov. 20, 2020	Sun Bowl Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-032
Dec. 5, 2020	American Historical Association	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-023
Dec. 13, 2020		Organizer notice	Ohio State Autumn 2020 Virtual Commencement Dec 13	Ex. SEC-27-GM-026
Dec. 19, 2020	Association of American Colleges and Universities	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-017
Mar. 2, 2021	University of Pennsylvania, Division of Recreation and Intercollegiate Athletics	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-005
Mar. 8, 2021	NASPA - Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-031
May 1, 2021	institutions	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-027
June 21, 2021	institutions	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-034
Aug. 25, 2021	EDUCAUSE	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-006
Sept. 13, 2021	National Association for College Admission Counseling	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-018
Sept. 16, 2021	College and University Professional Association for Human Resources	Organizer notice		Ex. SEC-27-GM-019

8. Partial suspension, element by element, for this business

This section applies the five-step test of section 3 to a business of the industry Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges with the instruments this report found for the quarters selected and no others: the order; the function of the business it reached; the change it compelled, in its own words; the days of the quarter on which it was in force; and the statute's answer. Where the Library holds only federal-layer and standing-duty instruments for a quarter, the section says so and applies the test to those instruments.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the second quarter of 2020 the Library holds 184 instruments in force for this selection: 5 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents), USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester' (Mar. 16, 2020, 4:47 p.m.), 'USG Institutions to Develop Creative Alternatives to Commencement Ceremony' (Mar. 18, 2020), refunds update (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-007); UNC System Interim President William L. Roper, UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-006); New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002); and 2 more) and 179 federal instruments (The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190); The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-191); The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192); and 176 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-006, Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-008 and 1 more); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-006, Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-024); athletics, performances and campus events (AT; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-006, Ex. SEC-27-002); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-008, Ex. SEC-27-024); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-006, Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-008); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-024); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-006, Ex. SEC-27-008); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-024); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-007, Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-024).

Step three, the change compelled. University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents), USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester' (Mar. 16, 2020, 4:47 p.m.), 'USG Institutions to Develop Creative Alternatives to Commencement Ceremony' (Mar. 18, 2020), refunds update (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-007) ordered: "USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester... This action comes following last week's decision to suspend instruction for two weeks to ensure business and instructional continuity, and to allow further state assessment of COVID-19. Students are not allowed to return to campus until…" Enforcement: Board of Regents' governance of the System's institutions; the closures also fell under EO 03.16.20.01 and 04.01.20.01 (Exs. GA-003, GA-009) New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002) ordered: "(text held at Ex. NY-112: 'higher education institutions must develop a plan for reopening and operating... Capacity: Phasing and quantity of students, faculty and staff to return to campus... quarantine and isolation capacity... Residential living plans should include protocols for capacity…" Enforcement: EO 202.45; N.Y. Exec. Law sec. 29-a; Public Health Law sec. 12 Board of Regents President Michael Richards, Update from Board of Regents President Mike Richards on Coronavirus (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-008) ordered: "Following the identification of COVID-19 cases in Iowa, the Board of Regents has asked the three Regent Institutions to move as quickly as possible towards the ability to deliver instruction virtually. It is important for students, faculty and staff to prepare for this eventuality this week prior to…" Enforcement: Board governance of the Regent institutions The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Mar. 13, 2020 to June 30, 2020, 110 days. USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans… (Ex. SEC-27-007) was in force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020, 107 of the quarter's 110 days; UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-006) was in force from Mar. 17, 2020 to June 30, 2020, 106 of the quarter's 110 days; Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Ex. SEC-27-002) was in force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021, 5 of the quarter's 110 days. Of the 5 instruments in the quarter's record, 1 was in force on its first day, 5 on its last day and 1 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the second quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the third quarter of 2020 the Library holds 167 instruments in force for this selection: 4 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002); Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003); Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-024); and 1 more) and 163 federal instruments (The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192); CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097); CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157); and 160 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024); athletics, performances and campus events (AT; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-026); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-002); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-024, Ex. SEC-27-026).

Step three, the change compelled. New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002) ordered: "(text held at Ex. NY-112: 'higher education institutions must develop a plan for reopening and operating... Capacity: Phasing and quantity of students, faculty and staff to return to campus... quarantine and isolation capacity... Residential living plans should include protocols for capacity…" Enforcement: EO 202.45; N.Y. Exec. Law sec. 29-a; Public Health Law sec. 12 Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-024) ordered: "Connecticut's colleges and universities... provide employment to 45,000 citizens of the state, spend over $10 billion annually, and educate 190,000 students... Most of these institutions have employed online methods to continue to educate students through the current statewide shutdown, but all look…" Enforcement: Advisory; implemented through the Governor's executive orders and DECD sector rules The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020, 92 days. Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Ex. SEC-27-002) was in force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (Ex. SEC-27-003) was in force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected… (Ex. SEC-27-024) was in force from May 6, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020, 92 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 4 instruments in the quarter's record, 3 were in force on its first day, 3 on its last day and 3 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the third quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the fourth quarter of 2020 the Library holds 162 instruments in force for this selection: 2 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002); Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)) and 160 federal instruments (CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157); Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027); and 157 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); athletics, performances and campus events (AT; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-002); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003).

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020, 92 days. Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Ex. SEC-27-002) was in force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (Ex. SEC-27-003) was in force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 2 instruments in the quarter's record, 2 were in force on its first day, 2 on its last day and 2 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the fourth quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the first quarter of 2021 the Library holds 177 instruments in force for this selection: 2 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002); Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)) and 175 federal instruments (CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157); Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398); and 172 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); athletics, performances and campus events (AT; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-002); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003).

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021, 90 days. Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Ex. SEC-27-002) was in force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021, 90 of the quarter's 90 days; Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (Ex. SEC-27-003) was in force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021, 90 of the quarter's 90 days. Of the 2 instruments in the quarter's record, 2 were in force on its first day, 2 on its last day and 2 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the first quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the second quarter of 2021 the Library holds 168 instruments in force for this selection: 3 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002); Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003); Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014)) and 165 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334); and 162 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-014); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); athletics, performances and campus events (AT; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-002); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003); hiring, credentialing and onboarding (HR; Ex. SEC-27-014); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-014); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-002, Ex. SEC-27-003, Ex. SEC-27-014).

Step three, the change compelled. New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002) ordered: "(text held at Ex. NY-112: 'higher education institutions must develop a plan for reopening and operating... Capacity: Phasing and quantity of students, faculty and staff to return to campus... quarantine and isolation capacity... Residential living plans should include protocols for capacity…" Enforcement: EO 202.45; N.Y. Exec. Law sec. 29-a; Public Health Law sec. 12 Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014) ordered: "49-2-312. Discrimination based on vaccination status or possession of immunity passport prohibited -- definitions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), it is an unlawful discriminatory practice for: (a) a person or a governmental entity to refuse, withhold from, or deny to a person any local or…" Enforcement: Montana Human Rights Act remedies (Mont. Code Ann. Title 49, ch. 2) The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021, 91 days. Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Ex. SEC-27-002) was in force from June 26, 2020 to June 25, 2021, 86 of the quarter's 91 days; Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (Ex. SEC-27-003) was in force from July 1, 2020 to May 28, 2021, 58 of the quarter's 91 days; House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination… (Ex. SEC-27-014) was in force from May 7, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 55 of the quarter's 91 days. Of the 3 instruments in the quarter's record, 2 were in force on its first day, 1 on its last day and 0 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the second quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the third quarter of 2021 the Library holds 173 instruments in force for this selection: 6 instruments from the regulators of Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges (Nevada State Board of Health, Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after Nov. 1, 2021) (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-016); Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and discrimination (July 14, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-015); Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014); and 3 more) and 167 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031); and 164 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Higher Education industry, as the Library records them: in-person instruction and laboratories (IN; Ex. SEC-27-016, Ex. SEC-27-015, Ex. SEC-27-014, Ex. SEC-27-001 and 2 more); housing and dining (HS; Ex. SEC-27-016, Ex. SEC-27-015, Ex. SEC-27-001, Ex. SEC-27-013 and 1 more); research, clinical training and field work (RS; Ex. SEC-27-001); admissions, orientation, commencement and recruiting (AD; Ex. SEC-27-016); student services (ST; Ex. SEC-27-011); hiring, credentialing and onboarding (HR; Ex. SEC-27-015, Ex. SEC-27-014, Ex. SEC-27-001, Ex. SEC-27-013); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-27-015, Ex. SEC-27-014, Ex. SEC-27-001, Ex. SEC-27-013 and 1 more); students and families under travel, quarantine and visa orders (CB; Ex. SEC-27-016, Ex. SEC-27-015, Ex. SEC-27-014, Ex. SEC-27-001 and 2 more).

Step three, the change compelled. Nevada State Board of Health, Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after Nov. 1, 2021) (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-016) ordered: "(text held at Ex. NV-055: 'a person shall not enroll in courses at a university, community college, or state college on or after November 1, 2021, unless the person submits to the institution proof of a completed COVID-19 vaccination series.... Any student who is enrolled in a program of distance…" Enforcement: NAC 441A (enrollment condition) Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and discrimination (July 14, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-015) ordered: "Section 3792.04... Effective: October 13, 2021 Latest Legislation: House Bill 244 - 134th General Assembly... (B) Notwithstanding any conflicting provision of the Revised Code, a public school or state institution of higher education shall not do either of the following: (1) Require an individual to…" Enforcement: Statutory prohibition binding State institutions Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014) ordered: "49-2-312. Discrimination based on vaccination status or possession of immunity passport prohibited -- definitions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), it is an unlawful discriminatory practice for: (a) a person or a governmental entity to refuse, withhold from, or deny to a person any local or…" Enforcement: Montana Human Rights Act remedies (Mont. Code Ann. Title 49, ch. 2) The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 days. Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for… (Ex. SEC-27-016) was in force from Aug. 20, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 42 of the quarter's 92 days; House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination… (Ex. SEC-27-014) was in force from May 7, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program (Ex. SEC-27-001) was in force from July 15, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 78 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 6 instruments in the quarter's record, 1 was in force on its first day, 5 on its last day and 1 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Higher Education industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the third quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

9. The Service's sentences, answered for Colleges, Universities and Community Colleges

The Service's letters and examination reports state fourteen positions in a general vocabulary, and each is answered here from the statute's text, from Tri-State, from the instruments with their exhibit identifiers and from the United States' own representations. None of the fourteen is a reading of the Suspension Clause; each is a gloss the United States has told two federal courts carries no force of law, or a statement of fact about the record that the record contradicts.

Each sentence below is stated in the Service's general vocabulary and answered from the industry analysis; the full answer, with its footnotes, is on the ground page linked beneath it.

Sentence 1: 1. No orders in effect

There were no government orders related to COVID-19 in effect during the quarter which could have fully or partially suspended your trade or business.

For every quarter, the quarters section lists the orders in force on the quarter's first and last day, by issuer, date and terms, with exhibit identifiers, and the State table and quarter map on this page tabulate them. For the third quarter of 2021 alone the list runs to the federal conveyance order on every campus shuttle and commuter bus, the entry proclamations on every international student, the inbound testing order, the land-border prohibitions, the Healthcare Emergency Temporary Standard on every campus clinic and clinical program, the federal facility and contractor rules, Washington's prohibition on in-person instruction at any campus that did not verify vaccination status, Illinois's vaccination-or-testing order for every higher-education employee and student, Nevada's enrollment condition, Minnesota's and Virginia's vaccination-or-testing orders, Massachusetts's Executive Order 595 on the Commonwealth's executive-department workforce, which addressed higher education by name, the statewide indoor face-covering orders of Louisiana, Oregon, New Mexico, Hawaii and the District and Nevada's county-triggered indoor face-covering directive, which reached sixteen of seventeen counties by August 24, workplace infection-prevention and exposure-control requirements enforced against the operator of every indoor space, the Philadelphia and Denver vaccination mandates, the Dallas, Travis and Boulder County orders, the quarantine and isolation orders of Indiana and Kansas, the prohibitory statutes and executive orders of fifteen States and the litigation each produced inside the quarter, and the instrumentalities' own rules (Ex. FED-020; Ex. FED-207; Ex. FED-208; Ex. FED-042; Ex. FED-232; Ex. FED-080; Ex. FED-272; Ex. WA-071; Ex. WA-081; Ex. WA-079; Ex. IL-042; Ex. NV-055; Ex. NV-041; Ex. MN-044; Ex. VA-045; Ex. MA-068; Ex. LA-036; Ex. OR-048; Ex. NM-068; Ex. HI-023; Ex. HI-024; Ex. DC-057; Ex. MET-PHL-021; Ex. MET-DEN-023; Ex. MET-DFW-030; Ex. MET-AUS-051; Ex. MET-DEN-033; Ex. IN-092; Ex. KS-056; Ex. TX-037; Ex. FL-030; Ex. AZ-043; Ex. UT-045; Ex. MT-072; Ex. SC-040; Ex. AR-081; Ex. IA-057; Ex. SEC-27-001; Ex. SEC-27-011; Ex. IN-094). A form sentence that no orders were in effect is not the determination the United States described to the District Court.

The National Taxpayer Advocate has recorded that the 2024 letters issued without examination. The sentence describes a fall term that did not open. The instruments listed above were published in the Federal Register and the Illinois Register, issued as proclamations of the Governor of Washington and adopted into the Nevada Administrative Code on the dates stated in the quarters section of this page. The position is not a close call on a contested record; it is factually incorrect, and for the third quarter of 2021 it describes a quarter that did not occur.

Read the full answer to sentence 1 and the record behind it →

Sentence 2: 2. The "essential business" that remained open

The employer operated an essential business and remained open.

The statute does not ask whether an employer was "essential." Where the orders used the word, the designation was the premise of the conditions the orders imposed on the institution, never an exemption from them: the stay-at-home orders permitted educational institutions to operate only "for purposes of facilitating distance learning, performing critical research, or performing essential functions" (Ex. IL-005; Ex. OH-011; Ex. OK-007; Ex. WV-039), which is to say that every other purpose, the lecture, the laboratory section, the residence hall, the dining hall, the game, the commencement, was closed by the same sentence that named the permitted ones; the Florida county orders permitted private colleges to operate "only as needed to facilitate online or distance learning" (Ex. MET-MIA-003); and the University System of Georgia's institutions remained "open, with minimal staff physically on-site" (Ex. SEC-27-007). The Notice's own Q&A-11 excludes only an employer whose order "allows all of the employer's operations to remain open," and its Q&A-17 Example 4 finds an essential hospital partially suspended when an order closed its elective services; no order in the Library allowed all of any campus's operations to remain open. An institution that "remained open" to teach by video, feed by take-out and house the students who could not go home was an institution whose in-person instruction, dining rooms, residence halls, stadiums and ceremonies were closed by order. A campus open for some purposes and closed for others was partially suspended; that is what "partially" means, and the Service's own Q&A-15 says so. The "essential" designation was the premise of the conditions the orders imposed, never an exemption from them, and a position that converts it into an exemption rewrites the orders and the statute alike, on the authority of a document the United States has told two federal courts lacks the force of law.

Read the full answer to sentence 2 and the record behind it →

Sentence 3: 3. Stay-at-home orders directed to the public

Stay-at-home orders directed to the public are not considered; only orders directed at business operations count.

The statute says nothing of the source, addressee or subject of the order; it asks whether the order limited commerce, travel or group meetings, and a stay-at-home order does all three in terms. The Notice's own Q&A-10 lists "[a] State's emergency proclamation that residents must shelter in place for a specified period" as a governmental order, and the United States told the District Court the same thing about orders on business operations.

For this industry the distinction is empty in any event, because the orders that reached the campuses were directed at them by name: "all public and private universities, colleges, technical schools" (Ex. WA-008); "colleges and universities" (Ex. OR-059; Ex. AL-005); "institutions of higher education" (Ex. VA-006; Ex. NJ-002); "all post-secondary public schools" (Ex. GA-009); "state-supported colleges, universities, and technical colleges" (Ex. SC-002); "[a]ll colleges, universities, and trade schools" (Ex. WY-004); "IHEs" (Ex. WA-071); "Higher Education" (Ex. IL-042); "a university, community college, or state college" (Ex. NV-055); "Public Institutions of Higher Education" (Ex. MET-DFW-030); "public colleges" (Ex. MET-AUS-051); "post-secondary and higher education" (Ex. MET-DEN-023); "in Higher Education" (Ex. MET-PHL-021). A reading under which an order addressed to the public is not an order limiting commerce is a reading Congress did not write and the United States has disclaimed, because the only document that carries it "lacks the force of law."

Read the full answer to sentence 3 and the record behind it →

Sentence 4: 4. Comparable operations through telework

The employer could have continued comparable operations through telework.

"Comparable operations" and "telework" are not in the statute. An order that closed the lecture hall suspended the operation in the lecture hall; "partial" contemplates the remainder continuing; a course taught by video under compulsion is a course the order changed. The Notice's own Q&A-15 and Q&A-16 find partial suspension wherever "laboratories or manufacturing involving special equipment or materials that cannot be accessed or operated remotely" were reached and wherever a workplace was closed "for certain purposes, but not others," and Q&A-16's third factor makes physical work space "so critical" that "this factor alone" defeats comparability where central tasks cannot be performed remotely. A welding bay, a nursing skills laboratory, a dental-hygiene operatory, a culinary kitchen, a chemistry laboratory, a residence hall, a dining hall, a stadium and a commencement stage are not operated by video; the Oregon order prohibited "in-person classroom, laboratory, and other instruction" by name (Ex. OR-059); the New Jersey order permitted laboratories, clinical and hands-on instruction to resume first precisely because they "cannot be readily taught other than through in-person instruction" (Ex. NJ-024); and the Utah statute ordering 75 percent of courses back in person is the State's own finding that remote instruction was not comparable (Ex. UT-046). The Service's position would hold that a college whose every building was closed by order was not suspended because its faculty lectured to a screen; that is not the statute, and the United States has told two courts that the document that carries it is not law.

Read the full answer to sentence 4 and the record behind it →

Sentence 5: 5. The orders affected customers, not the employer

The orders affected the employer's customers, not the employer (Q&A-13).

A stay-at-home order on the student body, a quarantine order on arriving students and an entry proclamation on international students are orders "limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings" in terms, and the commerce and travel they limited were the institution's. Q&A-13 is a gloss that appears nowhere in the statute, was confined in April 2020 to an employer whose operations were "not required to close its physical locations or otherwise suspend its operations" and to a suspension claimed "for the sole reason" of the customers' order, and was broadened only on March 1, 2021, after every 2020 quarter had closed; the United States has told the Ninth Circuit that "a business may be suspended 'due to' a government order addressing a third party," and Q&A-12 honors third-party orders on suppliers. For this industry the point is again empty, because the orders reached the institutions directly and the customers' orders reached them by name: New York's quarantine attached to every student "entering New York from a state" on the list (Ex. NY-006); the District's order let "universities" require affirmation of compliance (Ex. DC-081); Vermont's order defined essential travel to include commuting "to attend PreK-12 school and college" and made every other campus trip non-essential (Ex. VT-080); Nevada's regulation conditioned the customer's enrollment itself (Ex. NV-055). The commerce a college sells is the presence of its students; an order that confined, quarantined or excluded them limited that commerce, and the statute asks nothing more.

Read the full answer to sentence 5 and the record behind it →

Sentence 6: 6. The measures were voluntary

The employer's measures were voluntary (Q&A-14).

"Voluntary" is not in the statute; "due to" is, and it means but-for causation. Q&A-14 by its own terms reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order." Nothing this industry did in the six quarters was voluntary in that sense. A college that ceased in-person instruction in March 2020 did so because Washington, Oregon, New Jersey, Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and Wyoming ordered it by name, Louisiana authorized every public postsecondary institution to substitute online instruction and confined the State to home, and every other State confined it to distance learning (Ex. WA-008; Ex. OR-059; Ex. NJ-002; Ex. VA-006; Ex. GA-009; Ex. AL-005; Ex. SC-002; Ex. WY-004; Ex. LA-004; Ex. LA-005; Ex. IL-005). A college that reopened in August 2020 at reduced density with testing, isolation housing and daily reporting did so because the reopening orders made those the conditions of reopening at all (Ex. WA-038; Ex. OR-021; Ex. NY-112; Ex. NJ-024; Ex. MN-029). A college that tested every residential student weekly in the spring of 2021 did so because Utah ordered it (Ex. UT-029). A college that verified the vaccination status of every student in the fall of 2021 did so because Washington prohibited in-person instruction otherwise (Ex. WA-071; Ex. WA-081); a college that tested every unvaccinated employee weekly did so because Illinois, Minnesota or Virginia ordered it (Ex. IL-042; Ex. MN-044; Ex. VA-045); and a college that declined to require a face covering in its own classrooms did so because Utah, Arizona, Texas or Florida forbade it (Ex. UT-045; Ex. AZ-043; Ex. TX-036; Ex. FL-030). Tri-State disposed of the argument that the pandemic, not the order, caused the change: "the required protocols and procedures to comply with the Proclamation" were caused by the order, and on the United States' theory "there are not many businesses or any business that would be eligible under the ERC at all." Compulsion in both directions is still compulsion.

The United States and the District Court have defined the employer Q&A-14 excludes as one that chose not to continue when it could have, one "not being ordered to do so."

Read the full answer to sentence 6 and the record behind it →

Sentence 7: 7. Not more than nominal: the ten percent figure as a floor

The portion of the business affected was not more than nominal (the 10 percent figure applied as a floor).

The ten percent figure is, by the United States' own account, "a safe harbor," "not determinative," "not an eligibility requirement," a provision that states "sufficient--though not necessary--conditions," and, in Tri-State, "a method for the test to be met not as a requirement to meet the test"; the District Court held it "not an exclusionary cut-off point" and "subject to rebuttal."

A letter that decides a claim on the figure applies as a floor what the United States told two courts is a ceiling of its own generosity. The statute asks whether a portion of the operation was suspended, and "portion" is not "significant." In-person instruction is not a nominal portion of a college; auxiliary enterprises, of which housing and dining are the largest part, are 10 to 14 percent of the industry's revenue by the federal government's own tables (Ex. SEC-27-020; Ex. SEC-27-021); athletics, commencement, admissions, research and international enrollment are each a line of business with its own staff; and the third quarter of 2021 conditioned the enrollment of every student in Nevada, the attendance of every student in Washington and the employment of every worker in six jurisdictions. Where the Notice's own safe harbor is consulted at all, every showing in the function-by-function section exceeds it many times over. The position is not a close call on a contested record; it is wrong, and the United States has said so in two courts.

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Sentence 8: 8. Nominal effect of the required modifications

The required modifications (masks, gloves, spacing, screening) had only a nominal effect (Q&A-18).

The statute has no nominal-effect requirement; a partial suspension is "a temporary delay, interruption, or termination of a portion [of] an employer's business," and Tri-State refused the United States' attempt "to conflate 'more than nominal' to suggest that it means 'significant.'" Q&A-18's categorical sentence about face coverings is a factual conclusion stated as a rule, with no record, and it contradicts Q&A-18's own first paragraph, which lists "requiring employees and customers to wear face coverings" among the modifications "required by a governmental order as a condition of reopening"; the United States' position in court is that mask and operational-hours orders are "considered."

The instruments that reached this industry were not a piece of cloth. They were workplace infection-prevention and exposure-control regimes of which universal face coverings were one element beside daily screening, six-foot distancing, capacity limits, surveillance testing, isolation housing, exclusion of exposed persons and daily reporting (Ex. WA-038; Ex. WA-046; Ex. OR-021; Ex. NY-112; Ex. MN-029; Ex. UT-029; Ex. RI-033; Ex. ECO-B-044; Ex. FED-080); they fixed the capacity of every lecture hall, dining hall and residence hall at a fraction of its design; they created a testing operation that no campus had run before; and in the third quarter of 2021 they made vaccination status the condition of attendance, residence and employment (Ex. WA-071; Ex. IL-042; Ex. NV-055; Ex. MN-044; Ex. VA-045). A modification that decides who may enter a classroom, live in a dormitory or hold a job is not nominal in any sense of the word.

Read the full answer to sentence 8 and the record behind it →

Sentence 9: 9. A declaration of emergency is not an order

A declaration of emergency is not an order (Q&A-10).

Agreed, and this analysis states none as one. The national emergency, the public health emergency, the Stafford Act declarations and the State emergency declarations are stated only as the record that every level of government treated the emergency as continuing without interruption on every day of the six quarters (Ex. FED-016; Ex. LAW-246; Ex. LAW-247; Ex. WY-001; Ex. NJ-052). Every instrument on which the proof rests is an order, proclamation, regulation, statute, directive or court order with operative terms: a prohibition on in-person classes (Ex. WA-008), a condition of reopening (Ex. WA-038), a testing mandate (Ex. UT-029), a quarantine (Ex. NY-006), an enrollment condition (Ex. NV-055), a vaccination-or-testing requirement (Ex. IL-042), an indoor face-covering rule, a workplace exposure-control requirement enforced at $500 per day (Ex. OR-048), a statute with a $5,000-per-violation penalty (Ex. FL-030). The Service is entitled to insist that a declaration alone is not an order; it is not entitled to treat the orders issued under the declarations as if they were declarations.

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Sentence 10: 10. The supplier was not closed; supply-chain effects too attenuated

The supplier was not itself closed by order; supply-chain effects are too attenuated (AM 2023-005).

AM 2023-005 says of itself that it "may not be used or cited as precedent," and Tri-State said of the supplier scenarios in the Service's Chief Counsel memorandum that "these situations are not comparable or persuasive." Q&A-12's own words provide that an employer "may be considered to have a full or partial suspension of operations due to a governmental order" when its suppliers "are unable to make deliveries of critical goods or materials due to a governmental order that causes the supplier to suspend its operations"; the words "narrow," "limited," "exception" and "absolutely could not operate" appear nowhere in it, and the Example's reference to an "alternate supplier" is a fact of the illustration, not a condition the answer imposes; and the United States has told the Ninth Circuit the same.

For this industry the counterparties were closed by order in terms: the hospitals that host clinical placements barred "non-essential health care personnel" and suspended elective services (Ex. AL-005); the school districts that supply dual-enrollment students and host student teachers were closed (Ex. GA-003; Ex. KS-005; Ex. NC-002); the consulates through which international students arrive were closed (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060); the bars, restaurants and hotels of the college town were closed (Ex. IA-023); the transit that carries students was cut and masked (Ex. MET-SDF-030; Ex. FED-020); the food-service, housing and custodial contractors were bound by the orders on the institution's premises and by the State workplace standards (Ex. ECO-B-044; Ex. MET-MSP-062). Causation through a counterparty is the Government's own position, and the counterparty orders in this record are not attenuated; they are on the face of the instruments.

Read the full answer to sentence 10 and the record behind it →

Sentence 11: 11. The orders had lifted before the quarter began

The orders had lifted before the quarter began; any effect was a lingering effect.

The orders did not lift. The third-quarter inventory in the quarters section lists the instruments in force in that quarter by issuer, date, operative clause, enforcement and status on July 1 and September 30, and the paragraph headed "What this analysis does not claim was in force" names the expired instruments so that the proof rests visibly on none of them. Washington's higher-education series never ended (Ex. WA-071; Ex. WA-079; Ex. WA-081); Oregon's higher-education order ran to 12:01 a.m. on June 30, 2021 and its statewide indoor face-covering rule, an exposure-control requirement on every workplace, followed August 13 (Ex. OR-043; Ex. OR-048); the campus orders of Illinois, Nevada, Minnesota, Virginia, Philadelphia and Denver and Massachusetts's executive-department vaccination order, which addressed higher education by name, issued inside the quarter (Ex. IL-042; Ex. NV-055; Ex. MN-044; Ex. VA-045; Ex. MA-068; Ex. MET-PHL-021; Ex. MET-DEN-023); the federal conveyance, entry, testing, border and workplace orders ran on every day (Ex. FED-020; Ex. FED-207; Ex. FED-042; Ex. FED-232; Ex. FED-080). Where an earlier order had ended, the suspension it caused continued because of it for the period its compelled dismantling took to reverse, and the interconnected-economy section states that period from the orders' own reopening steps and sunset dates: the clause's grammar places "during the calendar quarter" on "suspended," Tri-State defines suspension to include "delay," "due to" is but-for, and the Notice's own Q&A-22 and Q&A-16 recognize a suspension that outlasts the order. The Service's phrase for that period is not the statute's; the statute's word is "suspended," and a campus rebuilding an operation the orders dismantled was suspended within it. The position that the orders had lifted before July 1, 2021 cannot be squared with the Federal Register or with the proclamations of the Governor of Washington signed on June 30, 2021 for July 1.

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Sentence 12: 12. No decline in gross receipts

The employer did not experience the required decline in gross receipts.

The gross-receipts prong is an alternative route to eligibility, not a condition of the suspension prong, and this analysis does not rely on it. Congress wrote a numerical threshold into clause (II) and none into clause (I), and "where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion." Tri-State held that the gross-receipts prong "does not make the Gross Receipts Test superfluous with the plain language interpretation of 'partial suspension' but instead logical within the scope of the act," and that "an employer may be economically affected without any partial or full suspension of trade or business operations due to a government order." A college whose in-person instruction was prohibited by order was partially suspended whether its tuition fell, held or rose; the question of receipts is a question the statute asks of a different employer under a different clause.

Read the full answer to sentence 12 and the record behind it →

Sentence 13: 13. Guidance, recommendations or best practices, not orders

The instruments relied on are guidance, recommendations or best practices, not orders.

Every instrument on which this analysis rests is an order, proclamation, regulation, statute, directive or court order of an appropriate governmental authority with operative terms and, in nearly every case, a stated sanction: Washington's proclamations, enforced as gross misdemeanors under RCW 43.06.220(5) (Ex. WA-008; Ex. WA-071; Ex. WA-079); Oregon's executive orders under ORS 401.192 and its indoor face-covering rule at $500 per day (Ex. OR-059; Ex. OR-021; Ex. OR-048); Virginia's orders as Class 1 misdemeanors (Ex. VA-006; Ex. VA-010); Illinois's executive orders under 20 ILCS 3305 (Ex. IL-005; Ex. IL-042); New Jersey's orders under N.J.S.A. App. A:9-49 and -50 (Ex. NJ-002; Ex. NJ-024); Wyoming's public health orders as misdemeanors (Ex. WY-004); Connecticut's quarantine at $1,000 per violation (Ex. CT-023); Massachusetts's at $500 per day (Ex. MA-025); New York's at up to $10,000 (Ex. NY-006); Nevada's Board of Health regulation enforced by exclusion from enrollment (Ex. NV-055); Philadelphia's regulation by cease-operations orders and fines (Ex. MET-PHL-021); Dallas County's at $1,000 per violation (Ex. MET-DFW-030); Florida's statute at $5,000 per violation (Ex. FL-030); the CDC's conveyance order by criminal fine (Ex. FED-020); OSHA's standard by citation (Ex. FED-080). Where a State health department's guidance is cited, it is cited because a governor's order made compliance with it the condition of operating: New York's Interim Guidance under EO 202.45, which provided that Phase Four businesses "must be operated in compliance with the guidance promulgated by the Department of Health" (Ex. NY-031; Ex. NY-112); Oregon's minimum standards under EO 20-28 (Ex. OR-021); California's institutions-of-higher-education guidance under the stay-at-home order and the Blueprint (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009); Minnesota's guidelines under EO 20-85 (Ex. MN-029). The Court of Federal Claims itself has held that health-department guidance issued under compulsory authority "qualifies as an 'order.'" The conference statements and advisory reports in the Library are marked as context and stated as facts and circumstances, never as orders (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-021; Ex. SEC-27-024). A proclamation whose violation is a gross misdemeanor under RCW 43.06.220(5) is not a recommendation.

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Sentence 14: 14. "Order" must be given its ordinary meaning

'Order' must be given its ordinary meaning.

Agreed, and applied. An order is "[a]n authoritative indication to be obeyed; a command or direction," and the Service's own Q&A-10 counts "orders, proclamations, or decrees" as orders "without regard to the level of enforcement." Under that meaning every instrument in the tables on this page is an order: the proclamation that "prohibit[ed] all public and private universities, colleges, technical schools ... from conducting in-person classes" (Ex. WA-008); the executive order under which "colleges and universities shall be prohibited from conducting in-person classroom, laboratory, and other instruction" (Ex. OR-059); the order that "[i]nstitutions of higher education shall cease all in-person classes and instruction" (Ex. VA-006); the public health order that "[a]ll colleges, universities, and trade schools shall not hold in person classes" (Ex. WY-004); the executive order that a public or private institution of higher education "shall require each individual ... to obtain a diagnostic test ... each week" (Ex. UT-029); the proclamation that institutions without fully vaccinated campuses "are prohibited from providing" in-person instruction unless they verify vaccination status (Ex. WA-071); the regulation that "a person shall not enroll in courses at a university, community college, or state college on or after November 1, 2021, unless" vaccinated (Ex. NV-055); the executive order that institutions "must exclude non-compliant workers from the premises" (Ex. IL-042); the statute that an institution "may not require an individual to wear a face covering" anywhere on campus (Ex. UT-045). The ordinary meaning of "order" is the meaning this analysis applies, and under that meaning every instrument named on this page is an order.

The Service is free to disagree about the weight of these instruments. It is not free to say they did not exist.

Read the full answer to sentence 14 and the record behind it →

10. Exhibit list

Every instrument cited in this report, by exhibit identifier: 549 records, of which The COVID Project holds the document for 530. The record URL opens the instrument's page in the Library; the exhibit URL opens the document itself where it is held.

Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Date	Citation	Record URL	Exhibit file
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-012	Proclamation 10043 of May 29, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Students and Researchers From the People's Republic of China, 85 Fed. Reg.…	President Donald J. Trump	May 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10043 of May 29, 2020, Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Students and Researchers From the People's Republic of China, 85 Fed. Reg. 34353 (June 4, 2020) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-012)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-012	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-012
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-013	Final rule, Extension of Certain Timeframes for Employee Benefit Plans, Participants, and Beneficiaries Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak, 85 Fed. Reg. 26351…	Secretary of Labor (EBSA) and Secretary of the Treasury (IRS)	Apr. 28, 2020	Secretary of Labor (EBSA) and Secretary of the Treasury (IRS), Final rule, Extension of Certain Timeframes for Employee Benefit Plans, Participants, and Beneficiaries Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak, 85 Fed. Reg. 26351 (May 4, 2020) (Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-013)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-013	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-013
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060	Suspension of Routine Visa Services (Mar. 20, 2020)	Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	Mar. 20, 2020	Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Suspension of Routine Visa Services (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-060
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-061	Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (July 14, 2020)	Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	July 14, 2020	Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (July 14, 2020) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-061)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-061	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-061
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-068	DHS announces flexibility in requirements related to Form I-9 compliance (Mar. 20, 2020), with the Mar. 31, 2021 update	Department of Homeland Security, through ICE	Mar. 20, 2020	Department of Homeland Security, through ICE, DHS announces flexibility in requirements related to Form I-9 compliance (Mar. 20, 2020), with the Mar. 31, 2021 update (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-068)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-068	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-068
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-073	Frequently Asked Questions for SEVP Stakeholders about COVID-19 (first issued Mar. 2020; version with updates through May 31, 2022, including 'Clarifying…	SEVP	July 24, 2020	SEVP, Frequently Asked Questions for SEVP Stakeholders about COVID-19 (first issued Mar. 2020; version with updates through May 31, 2022, including 'Clarifying Questions for the 2021-22 Academic Year Based on the March 2020 Guidance') (July 24, 2020) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-073)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-073	/exhibit/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-073
Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-074	SEVP Broadcast Message, ICE Continues March 2020 Guidance for the 2021-22 Academic Year (Apr. 26, 2021)	SEVP	Apr. 26, 2021	SEVP, SEVP Broadcast Message, ICE Continues March 2020 Guidance for the 2021-22 Academic Year (Apr. 26, 2021) (Ex. AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-074)	/library/AGY-FED-LABOR-IMMIGRATION-074
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-008	University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program (final policy issued July 15, 2021)	President Michael V. Drake, M.D. (Interim President Drake; policy issued by the Office of the President)	July 15, 2021	President Michael V. Drake, M.D. (Interim President Drake; policy issued by the Office of the President), University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program (final policy issued July 15, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-008)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-008
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009	COVID-19 Industry Guidance: Institutions of Higher Education (August 7, 2020)	California Department of Public Health with Cal/OSHA (covid19.ca.gov)	Aug. 7, 2020	California Department of Public Health with Cal/OSHA (covid19.ca.gov), COVID-19 Industry Guidance: Institutions of Higher Education (August 7, 2020) (Aug. 7, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-009
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-021	Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (August 11, 2020)	Big Ten Conference Council of Presidents and Chancellors (Commissioner Kevin Warren)	Aug. 11, 2020	Big Ten Conference Council of Presidents and Chancellors (Commissioner Kevin Warren), Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (August 11, 2020) (Aug. 11, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-021)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-021	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-021
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027	State University System Extends Remote Learning (directive of March 17, 2020)	Board of Governors, State University System of Florida (Chancellor Marshall Criser III)	Mar. 17, 2020	Board of Governors, State University System of Florida (Chancellor Marshall Criser III), State University System Extends Remote Learning (directive of March 17, 2020) (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-027
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035	California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy	Chancellor Joseph I. Castro	July 27, 2021	Chancellor Joseph I. Castro, California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-035
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-046	USHE release, 'Gov. Gary R. Herbert and Utah Department of Health issue weekly COVID-19 testing requirement for USHE students' (November 9, 2020), quoting the…	Utah Department of Health (State Public Health Order of Nov. 8, 2020, as updated Nov. 23, 2020); recited by the Utah System of Higher Education	Nov. 9, 2020	Utah Department of Health (State Public Health Order of Nov. 8, 2020, as updated Nov. 23, 2020); recited by the Utah System of Higher Education, USHE release, 'Gov. Gary R. Herbert and Utah Department of Health issue weekly COVID-19 testing requirement for USHE students' (November 9, 2020), quoting the State Public Health Order's 'Restrictions on institutions of higher education' (Nov. 9, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-046)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-046	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-046
Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-061	Fall 2021 Reopening Plans (vaccination mandate for students attending in person; face coverings; testing for unvaccinated employees) (August 2021)	CUNY Board of Trustees and Chancellor	Aug. 16, 2021	CUNY Board of Trustees and Chancellor, Fall 2021 Reopening Plans (vaccination mandate for students attending in person; face coverings; testing for unvaccinated employees) (August 2021) (Aug. 16, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-061)	/library/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-061	/exhibit/AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-061
Ex. AGY-ST-HEALTH-SUBORDERS-007	Order of the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Directing Vaccine Providers Support of COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics at Institutions of…	Alison V. Beam, Acting Secretary of Health	Aug. 13, 2021	Alison V. Beam, Acting Secretary of Health, Order of the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Directing Vaccine Providers Support of COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics at Institutions of Higher Education and School Entities (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. AGY-ST-HEALTH-SUBORDERS-007)	/library/AGY-ST-HEALTH-SUBORDERS-007	/exhibit/AGY-ST-HEALTH-SUBORDERS-007
Ex. AL-005	Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Applicable Statewide)	State Health Officer Scott Harris	Mar. 19, 2020	State Health Officer Scott Harris, Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Applicable Statewide) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. AL-005)	/library/AL-005	/exhibit/AL-005
Ex. AL-078	SB 267 (Enrolled), An Act relating to immunizations; to prohibit the issuance of vaccine passports by government entities; to prohibit government entities from…	Alabama Legislature (SB 267, 2021 Regular Session, by Senator Orr); approved by Governor Ivey	May 17, 2021	Alabama Legislature (SB 267, 2021 Regular Session, by Senator Orr); approved by Governor Ivey, SB 267 (Enrolled), An Act relating to immunizations; to prohibit the issuance of vaccine passports by government entities; to prohibit government entities from requiring an individual to receive an immunization as a condition for government services; to prohibit institutions of education from requiring additional vaccines; and to prohibit businesses from refusing service based on immunization status (May 17, 2021) (Ex. AL-078)	/library/AL-078	/exhibit/AL-078
Ex. AR-033	Act 977 of 2021 (HB 1547)	Arkansas General Assembly; approved by the Governor	Apr. 28, 2021	Arkansas General Assembly; approved by the Governor, Act 977 of 2021 (HB 1547) (Apr. 28, 2021) (Ex. AR-033)	/library/AR-033	/exhibit/AR-033
Ex. AR-034	Act 1030 of 2021 (SB 615)	Arkansas General Assembly; approved by the Governor	Apr. 29, 2021	Arkansas General Assembly; approved by the Governor, Act 1030 of 2021 (SB 615) (Apr. 29, 2021) (Ex. AR-034)	/library/AR-034	/exhibit/AR-034
Ex. AR-081	Hickey v. McClane, No. CV-21-421, Formal Order (Ark. Sept. 30, 2021)	Supreme Court of Arkansas	Sept. 30, 2021	Supreme Court of Arkansas, Hickey v. McClane, No. CV-21-421, Formal Order (Ark. Sept. 30, 2021) (Ex. AR-081)	/library/AR-081	/exhibit/AR-081
Ex. AZ-010	Executive Order 2020-18	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-18 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. AZ-010)	/library/AZ-010	/exhibit/AZ-010
Ex. AZ-043	Executive Order 2021-15	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	June 15, 2021	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2021-15 (June 15, 2021) (Ex. AZ-043)	/library/AZ-043	/exhibit/AZ-043
Ex. AZ-045	Executive Order 2021-18	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	Aug. 16, 2021	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2021-18 (Aug. 16, 2021) (Ex. AZ-045)	/library/AZ-045	/exhibit/AZ-045
Ex. CA-020	Regional Stay at Home Order	Acting State Public Health Officer Erica S. Pan	Dec. 3, 2020	Acting State Public Health Officer Erica S. Pan, Regional Stay at Home Order (Dec. 3, 2020) (Ex. CA-020)	/library/CA-020	/exhibit/CA-020
Ex. CA-024	COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards as readopted, 8 C.C.R. secs. 3205-3205.4	Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Cal/OSHA)	June 17, 2021	Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Cal/OSHA), COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards as readopted, 8 C.C.R. secs. 3205-3205.4 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. CA-024)	/library/CA-024	/exhibit/CA-024
Ex. CA-029	State Public Health Officer Order of June 11, 2021 (Beyond the Blueprint)	State Public Health Officer Tomas J. Aragon	June 11, 2021	State Public Health Officer Tomas J. Aragon, State Public Health Officer Order of June 11, 2021 (Beyond the Blueprint) (Ex. CA-029)	/library/CA-029	/exhibit/CA-029
Ex. CA-034	COVID-19 Public Health Guidance for K-12 Schools in California, 2021-22 School Year	California Department of Public Health	July 12, 2021	California Department of Public Health, COVID-19 Public Health Guidance for K-12 Schools in California, 2021-22 School Year (July 12, 2021) (Ex. CA-034)	/library/CA-034	/exhibit/CA-034
Ex. CO-012	Executive Order D 2020 017	Governor Jared Polis	Mar. 25, 2020	Governor Jared Polis, Executive Order D 2020 017 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. CO-012)	/library/CO-012	/exhibit/CO-012
Ex. CO-019	Executive Order D 2020 044	Governor Jared Polis	Apr. 26, 2020	Governor Jared Polis, Executive Order D 2020 044 (Apr. 26, 2020) (Ex. CO-019)	/library/CO-019	/exhibit/CO-019
Ex. CT-007	Executive Order No. 7H	Governor Ned Lamont; Department of Economic and Community Development (binding essential-business guidance)	Mar. 20, 2020	Governor Ned Lamont; Department of Economic and Community Development (binding essential-business guidance), Executive Order No. 7H (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. CT-007)	/library/CT-007	/exhibit/CT-007
Ex. CT-023	Executive Order No. 7III	Governor Ned Lamont; Commissioner of Public Health (Travel Health Form, advisories)	July 21, 2020	Governor Ned Lamont; Commissioner of Public Health (Travel Health Form, advisories), Executive Order No. 7III (July 21, 2020) (Ex. CT-023)	/library/CT-023	/exhibit/CT-023
Ex. CT-028	Executive Order No. 9B	Governor Ned Lamont	Sept. 15, 2020	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 9B (Sept. 15, 2020) (Ex. CT-028)	/library/CT-028	/exhibit/CT-028
Ex. CT-049	Executive Order No. 13	Governor Ned Lamont	July 19, 2021	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 13 (July 19, 2021) (Ex. CT-049)	/library/CT-049	/exhibit/CT-049
Ex. CT-050	Executive Order No. 13A	Governor Ned Lamont; Commissioner of Public Health (universal-masking rule)	Aug. 5, 2021	Governor Ned Lamont; Commissioner of Public Health (universal-masking rule), Executive Order No. 13A (Aug. 5, 2021) (Ex. CT-050)	/library/CT-050	/exhibit/CT-050
Ex. CT-051	Executive Order No. 13B	Acting Governor Susan Bysiewicz	Aug. 6, 2021	Acting Governor Susan Bysiewicz, Executive Order No. 13B (Aug. 6, 2021) (Ex. CT-051)	/library/CT-051	/exhibit/CT-051
Ex. CT-057	Governor's letter to legislative leaders: Renewal of Emergency Declarations to February 15, 2022 Pursuant to Special Act 21-5 (with Exhibit A listing orders to…	Governor Ned Lamont	Sept. 22, 2021	Governor Ned Lamont, Governor's letter to legislative leaders: Renewal of Emergency Declarations to February 15, 2022 Pursuant to Special Act 21-5 (with Exhibit A listing orders to be continued) (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. CT-057)	/library/CT-057	/exhibit/CT-057
Ex. DC-006	Mayor's Order 2020-054	Mayor Muriel Bowser	Mar. 30, 2020	Mayor Muriel Bowser, Mayor's Order 2020-054 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. DC-006)	/library/DC-006	/exhibit/DC-006
Ex. DC-057	Mayor's Order 2021-097	Mayor Muriel Bowser	July 29, 2021	Mayor Muriel Bowser, Mayor's Order 2021-097 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. DC-057)	/library/DC-057	/exhibit/DC-057
Ex. DC-080	Mayor's Order 2020-123	Mayor Muriel Bowser	Dec. 7, 2020	Mayor Muriel Bowser, Mayor's Order 2020-123 (Dec. 7, 2020) (Ex. DC-080)	/library/DC-080	/exhibit/DC-080
Ex. DC-081	Mayor's Order 2020-081	Mayor Muriel Bowser	July 24, 2020	Mayor Muriel Bowser, Mayor's Order 2020-081 (July 24, 2020) (Ex. DC-081)	/library/DC-081	/exhibit/DC-081
Ex. DE-005	Fourth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency	Governor John C. Carney	Mar. 22, 2020	Governor John C. Carney, Fourth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. DE-005)	/library/DE-005	/exhibit/DE-005
Ex. DE-041	Declaration of a Public Health Emergency for the State of Delaware	Governor John C. Carney	July 12, 2021	Governor John C. Carney, Declaration of a Public Health Emergency for the State of Delaware (July 12, 2021) (Ex. DE-041)	/library/DE-041	/exhibit/DE-041
Ex. DUT-FED-001	29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause)	Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593)	standing	Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), 29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-001)	/library/DUT-FED-001	/exhibit/DUT-FED-001
Ex. ECO-A-005	Proclamation 10041	President Donald J. Trump	May 24, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10041 (May 24, 2020) (Ex. ECO-A-005)	/library/ECO-A-005	/exhibit/ECO-A-005
Ex. ECO-A-006	Proclamation 10138	President Donald J. Trump	Jan. 18, 2021	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10138 (Jan. 18, 2021) (Ex. ECO-A-006)	/library/ECO-A-006	/exhibit/ECO-A-006
Ex. ECO-A-007	Proclamation 10143	President Joseph R. Biden Jr.	Jan. 25, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden Jr, Proclamation 10143 (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. ECO-A-007)	/library/ECO-A-007	/exhibit/ECO-A-007
Ex. ECO-A-008	Proclamation 10199	President Joseph R. Biden Jr.	Apr. 30, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden Jr, Proclamation 10199 (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. ECO-A-008)	/library/ECO-A-008	/exhibit/ECO-A-008
Ex. ECO-A-036	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 86 Fed. Reg. 38556…	Secretary of Homeland Security	July 22, 2021	Secretary of Homeland Security, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 86 Fed. Reg. 38556 (July 22, 2021) (Ex. ECO-A-036)	/library/ECO-A-036	/exhibit/ECO-A-036
Ex. ECO-A-056	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 86 Fed. Reg. 38554…	Secretary of Homeland Security	July 22, 2021	Secretary of Homeland Security, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 86 Fed. Reg. 38554 (July 22, 2021) (Ex. ECO-A-056)	/library/ECO-A-056	/exhibit/ECO-A-056
Ex. ECO-B-044	COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards, readopted with amendments (8 C.C.R. 3205 et seq.), June 17, 2021 (Executive Order N-09-21 waiving OAL review)	Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Cal/OSHA)	June 17, 2021	Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Cal/OSHA), COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards, readopted with amendments (8 C.C.R. 3205 et seq.), June 17, 2021 (Executive Order N-09-21 waiving OAL review) (Ex. ECO-B-044)	/library/ECO-B-044	/exhibit/ECO-B-044
Ex. FED-001	Proclamation 9994	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 13, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	/library/FED-001	/exhibit/FED-001
Ex. FED-002	Notice of February 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Feb. 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Notice of February 24, 2021 (Feb. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-002)	/library/FED-002	/exhibit/FED-002
Ex. FED-006	Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per…	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator)	Mar. 13, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	/library/FED-006	/exhibit/FED-006
Ex. FED-007	Memorandum of January 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security)	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security), Memorandum of January 21, 2021 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-007)	/library/FED-007	/exhibit/FED-007
Ex. FED-008	Memorandum of February 2, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator)	Feb. 2, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	/library/FED-008	/exhibit/FED-008
Ex. FED-009	Memorandum of August 17, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Aug. 17, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Memorandum of August 17, 2021 (Aug. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-009)	/library/FED-009	/exhibit/FED-009
Ex. FED-010	Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services	Jan. 31, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	/library/FED-010	/exhibit/FED-010
Ex. FED-011	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 21, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Apr. 21, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 21, 2020) (Apr. 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-011)	/library/FED-011	/exhibit/FED-011
Ex. FED-012	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 23, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	July 23, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-012)	/library/FED-012	/exhibit/FED-012
Ex. FED-013	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (October 2, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Oct. 2, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (October 2, 2020) (Oct. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-013)	/library/FED-013	/exhibit/FED-013
Ex. FED-014	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (January 7, 2021)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Jan. 7, 2021	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (January 7, 2021) (Jan. 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-014)	/library/FED-014	/exhibit/FED-014
Ex. FED-015	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021)	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS	Apr. 15, 2021	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021) (Apr. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-015)	/library/FED-015	/exhibit/FED-015
Ex. FED-016	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021)	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS	July 19, 2021	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-016)	/library/FED-016	/exhibit/FED-016
Ex. FED-020	CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021)	Jan. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021), CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-020)	/library/FED-020	/exhibit/FED-020
Ex. FED-022	CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020)	Sept. 1, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	/library/FED-022	/exhibit/FED-022
Ex. FED-023	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Jan. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-023)	/library/FED-023	/exhibit/FED-023
Ex. FED-024	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Mar. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-024)	/library/FED-024	/exhibit/FED-024
Ex. FED-025	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	June 24, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-025)	/library/FED-025	/exhibit/FED-025
Ex. FED-026	CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Aug. 3, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-026)	/library/FED-026	/exhibit/FED-026
Ex. FED-027	CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director)	Mar. 14, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	/library/FED-027	/exhibit/FED-027
Ex. FED-028	No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Apr. 9, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028)	/library/FED-028	/exhibit/FED-028
Ex. FED-029	No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	July 16, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-029)	/library/FED-029	/exhibit/FED-029
Ex. FED-030	No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Sept. 30, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030)	/library/FED-030	/exhibit/FED-030
Ex. FED-031	CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Oct. 30, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)	/library/FED-031	/exhibit/FED-031
Ex. FED-032	Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	May 5, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032)	/library/FED-032	/exhibit/FED-032
Ex. FED-034	CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director)	Mar. 20, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	/library/FED-034	/exhibit/FED-034
Ex. FED-036	Amendment and Extension of Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons (May 19, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	May 19, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Amendment and Extension of Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons (May 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-036)	/library/FED-036	/exhibit/FED-036
Ex. FED-037	CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Oct. 13, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-037)	/library/FED-037	/exhibit/FED-037
Ex. FED-038	Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Aug. 2, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-038)	/library/FED-038	/exhibit/FED-038
Ex. FED-039	Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Mar. 20, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-039)	/library/FED-039	/exhibit/FED-039
Ex. FED-040	CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result for All Airline Passengers Arriving Into the United States From the United Kingdom	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Dec. 25, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result for All Airline Passengers Arriving Into the United States From the United Kingdom (Dec. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-040)	/library/FED-040	/exhibit/FED-040
Ex. FED-041	CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Jan. 12, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into the United States From Any Foreign Country (Jan. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-041)	/library/FED-041	/exhibit/FED-041
Ex. FED-042	CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021)	Jan. 25, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021), CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into the United States From Any Foreign Country (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-042)	/library/FED-042	/exhibit/FED-042
Ex. FED-048	Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of the Right To Introduce and Prohibition of Introduction of Persons Into United…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Sept. 11, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of the Right To Introduce and Prohibition of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-048)	/library/FED-048	/exhibit/FED-048
Ex. FED-050	TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD…	Transportation Security Administration, DHS (Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Administrator)	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS (Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Administrator), TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD 1542-21-01 (airports) (Jan. 31, 2021); ratification 86 Fed. Reg. 26825 (Ex. FED-050)	/library/FED-050	/exhibit/FED-050
Ex. FED-051	Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask Requirements	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Apr. 30, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-051)	/library/FED-051	/exhibit/FED-051
Ex. FED-052	Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask Requirements	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Aug. 20, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-052)	/library/FED-052	/exhibit/FED-052
Ex. FED-053	TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD…	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD 1542-21-01 (airports) (Jan. 31, 2021); ratification 86 Fed. Reg. 26825 (Ex. FED-053)	/library/FED-053	/exhibit/FED-053
Ex. FED-055	Emergency Amendment EA 1546-21-01, Security Measures - Face Masks (foreign air carriers)	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Emergency Amendment EA 1546-21-01, Security Measures - Face Masks (foreign air carriers) (Jan. 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-055)	/library/FED-055	/exhibit/FED-055
Ex. FED-056	Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01)	Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight Board	Apr. 20, 2021	Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight Board, Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01) (Apr. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-056)	/library/FED-056	/exhibit/FED-056
Ex. FED-057	Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021)	Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. Pekoske	Jan. 27, 2021	Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. Pekoske, Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021) (Ex. FED-057)	/library/FED-057	/exhibit/FED-057
Ex. FED-060	Executive Order 13991	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 20, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060)	/library/FED-060	/exhibit/FED-060
Ex. FED-061	Executive Order 13998	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13998 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-061)	/library/FED-061	/exhibit/FED-061
Ex. FED-062	Executive Order 13999	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13999 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-062)	/library/FED-062	/exhibit/FED-062
Ex. FED-063	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Sept. 9, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-063)	/library/FED-063	/exhibit/FED-063
Ex. FED-064	Executive Order 14043	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Sept. 9, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14043 (Sept. 9, 2021) (Ex. FED-064)	/library/FED-064	/exhibit/FED-064
Ex. FED-066	Executive Order 13945	President Donald J. Trump	Aug. 8, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13945 (Aug. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-066)	/library/FED-066	/exhibit/FED-066
Ex. FED-070	Executive Order 13909	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 18, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	/library/FED-070	/exhibit/FED-070
Ex. FED-071	Executive Order 13910	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 23, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13910 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-071)	/library/FED-071	/exhibit/FED-071
Ex. FED-073	Executive Order 13917, Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources, 85 Fed. Reg. 26313 (Apr. 28, 2020)	President Donald J. Trump	Apr. 28, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13917, Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources, 85 Fed. Reg. 26313 (Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-073)	/library/FED-073	/exhibit/FED-073
Ex. FED-074	Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 25, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074)	/library/FED-074	/exhibit/FED-074
Ex. FED-075	Temporary Final Rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Apr. 7, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use (Apr. 7, 2020) (Ex. FED-075)	/library/FED-075	/exhibit/FED-075
Ex. FED-076	Notification of Exemptions to the PPE allocation rule	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Apr. 17, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Notification of Exemptions to the PPE allocation rule (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-076)	/library/FED-076	/exhibit/FED-076
Ex. FED-077	Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Aug. 10, 2020)	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Aug. 10, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Aug. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-077)	/library/FED-077	/exhibit/FED-077
Ex. FED-078	Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Dec. 31, 2020)	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Dec. 31, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-078)	/library/FED-078	/exhibit/FED-078
Ex. FED-080	Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)	Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor	June 21, 2021	Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080)	/library/FED-080	/exhibit/FED-080
Ex. FED-081	DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	June 28, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021) (Ex. FED-081)	/library/FED-081	/exhibit/FED-081
Ex. FED-082	DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	Mar. 12, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-082)	/library/FED-082	/exhibit/FED-082
Ex. FED-083	DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	July 7, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-083)	/library/FED-083	/exhibit/FED-083
Ex. FED-084	Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021)	OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees)	July 7, 2021	OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-084)	/library/FED-084	/exhibit/FED-084
Ex. FED-088	Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020)	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor	Mar. 9, 2020	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020) (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-088)	/library/FED-088	/exhibit/FED-088
Ex. FED-090	CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Mar. 30, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with comment period) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-090)	/library/FED-090	/exhibit/FED-090
Ex. FED-091	CMS-5531-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	May 1, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-5531-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule) (May 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-091)	/library/FED-091	/exhibit/FED-091
Ex. FED-092	CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Sept. 2, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through Sept. 23, 2022) (Ex. FED-092)	/library/FED-092	/exhibit/FED-092
Ex. FED-093	CMS-9912-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule): 42 C.F.R. § 433.400 (FMAP…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS (with Treasury and Labor)	Nov. 2, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS (with Treasury and Labor), CMS-9912-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule): 42 C.F.R. § 433.400 (FMAP maintenance-of-effort conditions); vaccine coverage (Nov. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-093)	/library/FED-093	/exhibit/FED-093
Ex. FED-094	CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	May 13, 2021	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (Ex. FED-094)	/library/FED-094	/exhibit/FED-094
Ex. FED-096	CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 4, 2020	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	/library/FED-096	/exhibit/FED-096
Ex. FED-097	QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 13, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097)	/library/FED-097	/exhibit/FED-097
Ex. FED-098	QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 10, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	/library/FED-098	/exhibit/FED-098
Ex. FED-099	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 23, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	/library/FED-099	/exhibit/FED-099
Ex. FED-100	FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-100)	/library/FED-100	/exhibit/FED-100
Ex. FED-104	FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104)	/library/FED-104	/exhibit/FED-104
Ex. FED-109	FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 25, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4486-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Florida (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-109)	/library/FED-109	/exhibit/FED-109
Ex. FED-113	FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 26, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4489-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Illinois (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. FED-113)	/library/FED-113	/exhibit/FED-113
Ex. FED-115	FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 23, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4483-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Iowa (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-115)	/library/FED-115	/exhibit/FED-115
Ex. FED-118	FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 24, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4484-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Louisiana (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-118)	/library/FED-118	/exhibit/FED-118
Ex. FED-130	FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 25, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4488-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New Jersey (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-130)	/library/FED-130	/exhibit/FED-130
Ex. FED-132	FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 20, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)	/library/FED-132	/exhibit/FED-132
Ex. FED-133	FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 25, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4487-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for North Carolina (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-133)	/library/FED-133	/exhibit/FED-133
Ex. FED-143	FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 25, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4485-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Texas (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-143)	/library/FED-143	/exhibit/FED-143
Ex. FED-147	FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147)	/library/FED-147	/exhibit/FED-147
Ex. FED-150	FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Apr. 11, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Apr. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-150)	/library/FED-150	/exhibit/FED-150
Ex. FED-154	QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Sept. 17, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-154)	/library/FED-154	/exhibit/FED-154
Ex. FED-155	QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 10, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (Ex. FED-155)	/library/FED-155	/exhibit/FED-155
Ex. FED-156	QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Apr. 27, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156)	/library/FED-156	/exhibit/FED-156
Ex. FED-157	QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 18, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157)	/library/FED-157	/exhibit/FED-157
Ex. FED-158	CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Apr. 7, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-158)	/library/FED-158	/exhibit/FED-158
Ex. FED-159	CMS Recommendations, Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I (Apr. 19, 2020)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Apr. 19, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS Recommendations, Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I (Apr. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-159)	/library/FED-159	/exhibit/FED-159
Ex. FED-160	COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Mar. 13, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	/library/FED-160	/exhibit/FED-160
Ex. FED-161	QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reporting	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 6, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reporting (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-161)	/library/FED-161	/exhibit/FED-161
Ex. FED-163	CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 11, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (May 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-163)	/library/FED-163	/exhibit/FED-163
Ex. FED-164	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 4, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-164)	/library/FED-164	/exhibit/FED-164
Ex. FED-165	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	June 1, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-165)	/library/FED-165	/exhibit/FED-165
Ex. FED-166	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Aug. 17, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-166)	/library/FED-166	/exhibit/FED-166
Ex. FED-168	CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through…	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Aug. 26, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through Sept. 23, 2022) (Ex. FED-168)	/library/FED-168	/exhibit/FED-168
Ex. FED-170	Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President	Mar. 18, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions) (Ex. FED-170)	/library/FED-170	/exhibit/FED-170
Ex. FED-171	Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor	Apr. 1, 2020	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-171)	/library/FED-171	/exhibit/FED-171
Ex. FED-172	Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor)	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor	Sept. 11, 2020	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-172)	/library/FED-172	/exhibit/FED-172
Ex. FED-173	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, div. N, tit. II, subtit. B, § 286 (Extension of Credits for Paid Sick and Family Leave); div. N, § 502…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-260)	Dec. 27, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-260), Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, div. N, tit. II, subtit. B, § 286 (Extension of Credits for Paid Sick and Family Leave); div. N, § 502 (extension of the CDC eviction moratorium to Jan. 31, 2021); div. EE, §§ 206-207 (ERC amendments) (Dec. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-173)	/library/FED-173	/exhibit/FED-173
Ex. FED-174	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021): § 9651 (I.R.C. § 3134, ERC for Q3-Q4 2021); § 9641 (I.R.C. §§ 3131-3133, voluntary…	Congress (Pub. L. 117-2); approved by the President	Mar. 11, 2021	Congress (Pub. L. 117-2); approved by the President, American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021): § 9651 (I.R.C. § 3134, ERC for Q3-Q4 2021); § 9641 (I.R.C. §§ 3131-3133, voluntary paid leave credits Apr. 1 - Sept. 30, 2021); § 9817 (HCBS FMAP increase) (Ex. FED-174)	/library/FED-174	/exhibit/FED-174
Ex. FED-180	Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 10, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	/library/FED-180	/exhibit/FED-180
Ex. FED-181	Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for…	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Feb. 4, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	/library/FED-181	/exhibit/FED-181
Ex. FED-182	Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 2, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	/library/FED-182	/exhibit/FED-182
Ex. FED-183	Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 24, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: medical devices, including alternative products used as medical devices (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-183)	/library/FED-183	/exhibit/FED-183
Ex. FED-184	Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological products	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 27, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological products (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-184)	/library/FED-184	/exhibit/FED-184
Ex. FED-185	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 11, 2020; reissued and amended thereafter)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)	Dec. 11, 2020	Food and Drug Administration, HHS (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research), Emergency Use Authorization letter: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 11, 2020; reissued and amended thereafter) (Ex. FED-185)	/library/FED-185	/exhibit/FED-185
Ex. FED-186	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 18, 2020; reissued thereafter)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS	Dec. 18, 2020	Food and Drug Administration, HHS, Emergency Use Authorization letter: Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 18, 2020; reissued thereafter) (Ex. FED-186)	/library/FED-186	/exhibit/FED-186
Ex. FED-187	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (Feb. 27, 2021; reissued thereafter; revoked June 1, 2023)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS	Feb. 27, 2021	Food and Drug Administration, HHS, Emergency Use Authorization letter: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (Feb. 27, 2021; reissued thereafter; revoked June 1, 2023) (Ex. FED-187)	/library/FED-187	/exhibit/FED-187
Ex. FED-190	The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC)	Mar. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190)	/library/FED-190	/exhibit/FED-190
Ex. FED-191	30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020)	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force	Mar. 31, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-191)	/library/FED-191	/exhibit/FED-191
Ex. FED-192	Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020)	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force	Apr. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192)	/library/FED-192	/exhibit/FED-192
Ex. FED-194	Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency	HHS Office for Civil Rights	Mar. 17, 2020	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	/library/FED-194	/exhibit/FED-194
Ex. FED-200	Proclamation 9984	President Donald J. Trump	Jan. 31, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	/library/FED-200	/exhibit/FED-200
Ex. FED-201	Proclamation 9992	President Donald J. Trump	Feb. 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	/library/FED-201	/exhibit/FED-201
Ex. FED-202	Proclamation 9993	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 11, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202)	/library/FED-202	/exhibit/FED-202
Ex. FED-203	Proclamation 9996	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 14, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203)	/library/FED-203	/exhibit/FED-203
Ex. FED-204	Proclamation 10041	President Donald J. Trump	May 24, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10041 (May 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-204)	/library/FED-204	/exhibit/FED-204
Ex. FED-207	Proclamation 10143	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 25, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10143 (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-207)	/library/FED-207	/exhibit/FED-207
Ex. FED-208	Proclamation 10199	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Apr. 30, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10199 (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-208)	/library/FED-208	/exhibit/FED-208
Ex. FED-209	Proclamation 10294	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Oct. 25, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10294 (Oct. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-209)	/library/FED-209	/exhibit/FED-209
Ex. FED-210	Proclamation 10014	President Donald J. Trump	Apr. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10014 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-210)	/library/FED-210	/exhibit/FED-210
Ex. FED-211	Proclamation 10052	President Donald J. Trump	June 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10052 (June 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-211)	/library/FED-211	/exhibit/FED-211
Ex. FED-212	Proclamation 10054	President Donald J. Trump	June 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10054 (June 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-212)	/library/FED-212	/exhibit/FED-212
Ex. FED-213	Proclamation 10131	President Donald J. Trump	Dec. 31, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10131 (Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-213)	/library/FED-213	/exhibit/FED-213
Ex. FED-214	Proclamation 10149	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Feb. 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10149 (Feb. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-214)	/library/FED-214	/exhibit/FED-214
Ex. FED-216	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 85 Fed. Reg. 16548…	U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with U.S. Customs and Border Protection	Mar. 24, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 85 Fed. Reg. 16548 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-216)	/library/FED-216	/exhibit/FED-216
Ex. FED-217	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 22352 (Apr. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Apr. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 22352 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-217)	/library/FED-217	/exhibit/FED-217
Ex. FED-219	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 37744 (June 24, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	June 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 37744 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-219)	/library/FED-219	/exhibit/FED-219
Ex. FED-222	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 59670 (Sept. 23, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Sept. 23, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 59670 (Sept. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-222)	/library/FED-222	/exhibit/FED-222
Ex. FED-225	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 83432 (Dec. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Dec. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 83432 (Dec. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-225)	/library/FED-225	/exhibit/FED-225
Ex. FED-226	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021)	DHS	Jan. 19, 2021	DHS, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-226)	/library/FED-226	/exhibit/FED-226
Ex. FED-229	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 14812 (Mar. 19, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Mar. 19, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 14812 (Mar. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-229)	/library/FED-229	/exhibit/FED-229
Ex. FED-232	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	June 23, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-232)	/library/FED-232	/exhibit/FED-232
Ex. FED-235	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Sept. 22, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-235)	/library/FED-235	/exhibit/FED-235
Ex. FED-239	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 85 Fed. Reg. 16547…	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with CBP	Mar. 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with CBP, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 85 Fed. Reg. 16547 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-239)	/library/FED-239	/exhibit/FED-239
Ex. FED-240	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 22353 (Apr. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Apr. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 22353 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-240)	/library/FED-240	/exhibit/FED-240
Ex. FED-242	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 37745 (June 24, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	June 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 37745 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-242)	/library/FED-242	/exhibit/FED-242
Ex. FED-245	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 59669 (Sept. 23, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Sept. 23, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 59669 (Sept. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-245)	/library/FED-245	/exhibit/FED-245
Ex. FED-248	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 83433 (Dec. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Dec. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 83433 (Dec. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-248)	/library/FED-248	/exhibit/FED-248
Ex. FED-249	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021)	DHS	Jan. 19, 2021	DHS, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-249)	/library/FED-249	/exhibit/FED-249
Ex. FED-252	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 14813 (Mar. 19, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Mar. 19, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 14813 (Mar. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-252)	/library/FED-252	/exhibit/FED-252
Ex. FED-255	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	June 23, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-255)	/library/FED-255	/exhibit/FED-255
Ex. FED-258	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Sept. 22, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-258)	/library/FED-258	/exhibit/FED-258
Ex. FED-264	OMB Memorandum M-20-16	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought)	Mar. 17, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-16 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-264)	/library/FED-264	/exhibit/FED-264
Ex. FED-265	OMB Memorandum M-20-17	Office of Management and Budget	Mar. 19, 2020	Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-17 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-265)	/library/FED-265	/exhibit/FED-265
Ex. FED-266	OMB Memorandum M-20-18	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management)	Mar. 20, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266)	/library/FED-266	/exhibit/FED-266
Ex. FED-268	OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas)	Apr. 20, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	/library/FED-268	/exhibit/FED-268
Ex. FED-270	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force	Jan. 24, 2021	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270)	/library/FED-270	/exhibit/FED-270
Ex. FED-271	OMB Memorandum M-21-25	Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration	June 10, 2021	Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, OMB Memorandum M-21-25 (June 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-271)	/library/FED-271	/exhibit/FED-271
Ex. FED-272	COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB	July 29, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks (Ex. FED-272)	/library/FED-272	/exhibit/FED-272
Ex. FED-274	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMB	Sept. 24, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMB, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-274)	/library/FED-274	/exhibit/FED-274
Ex. FED-275	Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021)	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young)	Sept. 24, 2021	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young), Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021) (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-275)	/library/FED-275	/exhibit/FED-275
Ex. FED-278	Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277)	Aug. 6, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277), Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021 (Aug. 6, 2021) (Ex. FED-278)	/library/FED-278	/exhibit/FED-278
Ex. FED-279	Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access)	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer)	Mar. 16, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-279)	/library/FED-279	/exhibit/FED-279
Ex. FED-280	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions	Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III	Mar. 15, 2021	Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (Mar. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-280)	/library/FED-280	/exhibit/FED-280
Ex. FED-281	Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Stop Movement for all Domestic Travel for DoD Components in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019	Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist	Mar. 13, 2020	Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist, Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Stop Movement for all Domestic Travel for DoD Components in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-281)	/library/FED-281	/exhibit/FED-281
Ex. FED-282	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Modification and Reissuance of DoD Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Travel Restrictions	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper	Apr. 20, 2020	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Modification and Reissuance of DoD Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Travel Restrictions (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-282)	/library/FED-282	/exhibit/FED-282
Ex. FED-283	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Transition to Conditions-based Phased Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (May 22…	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper	May 22, 2020	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Transition to Conditions-based Phased Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (May 22, 2020), updated June 29, 2020 and Oct. 5, 2020 (Ex. FED-283)	/library/FED-283	/exhibit/FED-283
Ex. FED-284	Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042	Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips	Mar. 19, 2020	Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-284)	/library/FED-284	/exhibit/FED-284
Ex. FED-285	Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez	June 1, 2020	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	/library/FED-285	/exhibit/FED-285
Ex. FED-286	General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020)	Mar. 25, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020), General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020 (Ex. FED-286)	/library/FED-286	/exhibit/FED-286
Ex. FED-288	General Order 2020-8	Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer	May 6, 2020	Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer, General Order 2020-8 (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-288)	/library/FED-288	/exhibit/FED-288
Ex. FED-290	Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Mar. 12, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	/library/FED-290
Ex. FED-291	Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Mar. 16, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-291)	/library/FED-291	/exhibit/FED-291
Ex. FED-292	Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)	Supreme Court of the United States	Mar. 19, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	/library/FED-292	/exhibit/FED-292
Ex. FED-293	Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Apr. 3, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. FED-293)	/library/FED-293	/exhibit/FED-293
Ex. FED-294	Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Apr. 13, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-294)	/library/FED-294	/exhibit/FED-294
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of…	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 29, 2020	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	/library/FED-295	/exhibit/FED-295
Ex. FED-296	Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Feb. 12, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296)	/library/FED-296	/exhibit/FED-296
Ex. FED-297	Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)	May 26, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021) (Ex. FED-297)	/library/FED-297	/exhibit/FED-297
Ex. FED-298	Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)	Sept. 15, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-298)	/library/FED-298	/exhibit/FED-298
Ex. FED-299	Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	July 30, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-299)	/library/FED-299	/exhibit/FED-299
Ex. FED-300	General Order 21-0033	Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote)	Sept. 20, 2021	Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote), General Order 21-0033 (Sept. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-300)	/library/FED-300	/exhibit/FED-300
Ex. FED-301	Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	June 21, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-301)	/library/FED-301	/exhibit/FED-301
Ex. FED-302	Standing Order 20-13	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	May 22, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	/library/FED-302	/exhibit/FED-302
Ex. FED-303	Standing Order 20-17	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Nov. 25, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303)	/library/FED-303	/exhibit/FED-303
Ex. FED-304	Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Dec. 17, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-304)	/library/FED-304	/exhibit/FED-304
Ex. FED-305	Standing Order 21-02	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Mar. 17, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305)	/library/FED-305	/exhibit/FED-305
Ex. FED-306	Standing Order 21-04	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Mar. 11, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-04 (Mar. 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-306)	/library/FED-306	/exhibit/FED-306
Ex. FED-307	Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Sept. 3, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307)	/library/FED-307	/exhibit/FED-307
Ex. FED-308	Standing Order 21-08	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Sept. 13, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-08 (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. FED-308)	/library/FED-308	/exhibit/FED-308
Ex. FED-310	Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 20, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-310)	/library/FED-310	/exhibit/FED-310
Ex. FED-311	Standing Order 2020-04	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 16, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	/library/FED-311	/exhibit/FED-311
Ex. FED-312	Standing Order 2020-05	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 20, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-05 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-312)	/library/FED-312	/exhibit/FED-312
Ex. FED-313	Amended Standing Order 2021-07	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	June 23, 2021	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-313)	/library/FED-313	/exhibit/FED-313
Ex. FED-316	Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01	Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr.	July 31, 2020	Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr, Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01 (July 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-316)	/library/FED-316	/exhibit/FED-316
Ex. FED-317	General Order 72	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Mar. 16, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-317)	/library/FED-317	/exhibit/FED-317
Ex. FED-318	General Order 72-2	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Apr. 30, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-2 (Apr. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-318)	/library/FED-318	/exhibit/FED-318
Ex. FED-319	Important Announcement on H2 Visas (Mar. 26, 2020): expanded interview-waiver processing for H-2A and H-2B applicants during the suspension of routine visa…	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	Mar. 26, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Important Announcement on H2 Visas (Mar. 26, 2020): expanded interview-waiver processing for H-2A and H-2B applicants during the suspension of routine visa services (Ex. FED-319)	/library/FED-319
Ex. FED-320	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 21739 (Apr. 20, 2020) (temporary final rule)	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	Apr. 20, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 21739 (Apr. 20, 2020) (temporary final rule) (Ex. FED-320)	/library/FED-320	/exhibit/FED-320
Ex. FED-321	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2B Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 28843 (May 14, 2020) (temporary final rule)	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USCIS	May 14, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2B Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 28843 (May 14, 2020) (temporary final rule) (Ex. FED-321)	/library/FED-321	/exhibit/FED-321
Ex. FED-322	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due To the COVID-19 National Emergency: Partial Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg.…	DHS, USCIS	Aug. 20, 2020	DHS, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due To the COVID-19 National Emergency: Partial Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 51304 (Aug. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-322)	/library/FED-322	/exhibit/FED-322
Ex. FED-323	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants due to the COVID-19 National Emergency: Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 82291…	DHS, USCIS	Dec. 18, 2020	DHS, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants due to the COVID-19 National Emergency: Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 82291 (Dec. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-323)	/library/FED-323	/exhibit/FED-323
Ex. FED-324	USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	Mar. 17, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020 (Ex. FED-324)	/library/FED-324	/exhibit/FED-324
Ex. FED-325	USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	May 27, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	/library/FED-325	/exhibit/FED-325
Ex. FED-327	Suspension of Routine Visa Services (announcement of Mar. 18, 2020, last updated Mar. 20, 2020)	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	Mar. 20, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Suspension of Routine Visa Services (announcement of Mar. 18, 2020, last updated Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-327)	/library/FED-327	/exhibit/FED-327
Ex. FED-328	Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (announcement of July 14, 2020)	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	July 14, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (announcement of July 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-328)	/library/FED-328	/exhibit/FED-328
Ex. FED-331	General Order 72-4	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	June 24, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-4 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-331)	/library/FED-331	/exhibit/FED-331
Ex. FED-332	General Order 72-5	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	July 23, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-5 (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-332)	/library/FED-332	/exhibit/FED-332
Ex. FED-333	General Order 72-6	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Sept. 16, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	/library/FED-333	/exhibit/FED-333
Ex. FED-334	General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020)	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	May 21, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	/library/FED-334	/exhibit/FED-334
Ex. FED-336	General Order 77	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	June 9, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336)	/library/FED-336	/exhibit/FED-336
Ex. FED-337	General Order 78	Chief Judge Richard Seeborg	June 23, 2021	Chief Judge Richard Seeborg, General Order 78 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-337)	/library/FED-337	/exhibit/FED-337
Ex. FED-338	General Order 20-0012 (original)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Mar. 12, 2020	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, General Order 20-0012 (original) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-338)	/library/FED-338	/exhibit/FED-338
Ex. FED-339	Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Nov. 13, 2020	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339)	/library/FED-339	/exhibit/FED-339
Ex. FED-340	CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020)	Mar. 27, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	/library/FED-340	/exhibit/FED-340
Ex. FED-342	Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020…	Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors	Apr. 7, 2020	Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020; original Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-342)	/library/FED-342	/exhibit/FED-342
Ex. FED-343	Treatment of Certain COVID-19 Related Loss Mitigation Options Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) (Regulation X) (interim final rule), 85…	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection	June 30, 2020	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Treatment of Certain COVID-19 Related Loss Mitigation Options Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) (Regulation X) (interim final rule), 85 Fed. Reg. 39055 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-343)	/library/FED-343	/exhibit/FED-343
Ex. FED-344	Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg.…	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection	June 25, 2021	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021) (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-344)	/library/FED-344	/exhibit/FED-344
Ex. FED-345	Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020)	President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education)	Aug. 8, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education), Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020) (Aug. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-345)	/library/FED-345	/exhibit/FED-345
Ex. FED-346	FHFA news release of Mar. 18, 2020: FHFA Suspends Foreclosures and Evictions for Enterprise-Backed Mortgages	Federal Housing Finance Agency (Director Mark Calabria), directing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac	Mar. 18, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency (Director Mark Calabria), directing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, FHFA news release of Mar. 18, 2020: FHFA Suspends Foreclosures and Evictions for Enterprise-Backed Mortgages (Ex. FED-346)	/library/FED-346	/exhibit/FED-346
Ex. FED-348	FHFA news release of June 17, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium (to Aug. 31, 2020)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	June 17, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of June 17, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium (to Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-348)	/library/FED-348	/exhibit/FED-348
Ex. FED-349	FHFA news release of Aug. 27, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Dec. 31, 2020)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Aug. 27, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Aug. 27, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-349)	/library/FED-349	/exhibit/FED-349
Ex. FED-350	FHFA news release of Dec. 2, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Jan. 31, 2021)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Dec. 2, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Dec. 2, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Jan. 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-350)	/library/FED-350	/exhibit/FED-350
Ex. FED-353	FHFA news release of Feb. 25, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Forbearance Period and Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to June 30, 2021; forbearance to 18…	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Feb. 25, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Feb. 25, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Forbearance Period and Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to June 30, 2021; forbearance to 18 months) (Ex. FED-353)	/library/FED-353	/exhibit/FED-353
Ex. FED-354	FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	June 24, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-354)	/library/FED-354	/exhibit/FED-354
Ex. FED-355	FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date)	July 30, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date), FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021 (Ex. FED-355)	/library/FED-355	/exhibit/FED-355
Ex. FED-356	Mortgagee Letter 2020-04	U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration (Assistant Secretary for Housing - Federal Housing Commissioner)	Mar. 18, 2020	U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration (Assistant Secretary for Housing - Federal Housing Commissioner), Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-356)	/library/FED-356	/exhibit/FED-356
Ex. FED-359	Mortgagee Letter 2020-19	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	June 17, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-19 (June 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-359)	/library/FED-359
Ex. FED-360	Mortgagee Letter 2020-27	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Aug. 27, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-27 (Aug. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-360)	/library/FED-360	/exhibit/FED-360
Ex. FED-361	Mortgagee Letter 2020-43	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Dec. 17, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-43 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-361)	/library/FED-361	/exhibit/FED-361
Ex. FED-362	Mortgagee Letter 2021-03	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Jan. 21, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-03 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-362)	/library/FED-362	/exhibit/FED-362
Ex. FED-363	Mortgagee Letter 2021-05	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Feb. 16, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-05 (Feb. 16, 2021) (Ex. FED-363)	/library/FED-363	/exhibit/FED-363
Ex. FED-364	Mortgagee Letter 2021-15	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	June 25, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-364)	/library/FED-364	/exhibit/FED-364
Ex. FED-365	Mortgagee Letter 2021-18	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	July 23, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-18 (July 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-365)	/library/FED-365	/exhibit/FED-365
Ex. FED-367	Circular 26-20-7	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service	Mar. 16, 2020	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367)	/library/FED-367	/exhibit/FED-367
Ex. FED-368	Circular 26-20-8	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Mar. 18, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-8 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-368)	/library/FED-368	/exhibit/FED-368
Ex. FED-369	Circular 26-20-12	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Apr. 8, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-12 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-369)	/library/FED-369	/exhibit/FED-369
Ex. FED-371	Circular 26-20-22	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 17, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-22 (June 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-371)	/library/FED-371	/exhibit/FED-371
Ex. FED-372	Circular 26-20-23	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 18, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-23 (June 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-372)	/library/FED-372	/exhibit/FED-372
Ex. FED-373	Circular 26-20-29	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Aug. 24, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-29 (Aug. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-373)	/library/FED-373	/exhibit/FED-373
Ex. FED-374	Circular 26-20-30	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Aug. 24, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-30 (Aug. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-374)	/library/FED-374	/exhibit/FED-374
Ex. FED-375	Circular 26-20-40	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Dec. 28, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-40 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-375)	/library/FED-375	/exhibit/FED-375
Ex. FED-376	Circular 26-21-2	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Jan. 29, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-2 (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-376)	/library/FED-376	/exhibit/FED-376
Ex. FED-377	Circular 26-21-5	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Feb. 16, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-5 (Feb. 16, 2021) (Ex. FED-377)	/library/FED-377
Ex. FED-378	Circular 26-21-10	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 25, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-10 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-378)	/library/FED-378	/exhibit/FED-378
Ex. FED-379	Circular 26-21-14	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	July 30, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-14 (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-379)	/library/FED-379	/exhibit/FED-379
Ex. FED-380	Circular 26-21-20	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Sept. 29, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-380)	/library/FED-380	/exhibit/FED-380
Ex. FED-381	USDA Rural Development foreclosure and eviction moratorium for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loan borrowers: Mar. 19, 2020 (60 days) and…	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development	Mar. 19, 2020	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, USDA Rural Development foreclosure and eviction moratorium for Single Family Housing Direct and Guaranteed loan borrowers: Mar. 19, 2020 (60 days) and extensions to June 30, Aug. 31 and Dec. 31, 2020 (releases of May 2020, June 2020 and Aug./Sept. 2020) (Ex. FED-381)	/library/FED-381
Ex. FED-382	USDA Rural Development releases of Dec. 2020, Jan. 2021 and Feb. 16-17, 2021 extending the Single Family Housing foreclosure and eviction moratorium and…	USDA Rural Development	Dec. 28, 2020	USDA Rural Development, USDA Rural Development releases of Dec. 2020, Jan. 2021 and Feb. 16-17, 2021 extending the Single Family Housing foreclosure and eviction moratorium and forbearance options (to Jan. 31, Feb. 28 and June 30, 2021) (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-382)	/library/FED-382
Ex. FED-384	USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021…	USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021)	June 24, 2021	USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021; forbearance enrollment to Sept. 30, 2021) (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-384)	/library/FED-384
Ex. FED-385	USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021)	USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021)	July 30, 2021	USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-385)	/library/FED-385	/exhibit/FED-385
Ex. FED-386	Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus…	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt	Mar. 22, 2020	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt, Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-386)	/library/FED-386	/exhibit/FED-386
Ex. FED-387	NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify…	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service	Mar. 18, 2020	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities) (Ex. FED-387)	/library/FED-387	/exhibit/FED-387
Ex. FED-389	BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon	Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers	Mar. 27, 2020	Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon (Ex. FED-389)	/library/FED-389	/exhibit/FED-389
Ex. FED-390	Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors	Bureau of Reclamation	Mar. 17, 2020	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	/library/FED-390	/exhibit/FED-390
Ex. FED-391	USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area	Mar. 23, 2020	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)	/library/FED-391
Ex. FED-393	USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain…	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders	Mar. 17, 2020	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-393)	/library/FED-393
Ex. FED-396	The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020), extended Mar. 29, 2020 as 30 Days to Slow the Spread through…	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC)	Mar. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020), extended Mar. 29, 2020 as 30 Days to Slow the Spread through Apr. 30, 2020 (Ex. FED-396)	/library/FED-396	/exhibit/FED-396
Ex. FED-398	H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health…	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020)	May 15, 2020	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	/library/FED-398	/exhibit/FED-398
Ex. FL-030	Chapter 2021-8, Laws of Florida (SB 2006)	Florida Legislature (SB 2006), approved by the Governor	May 3, 2021	Florida Legislature (SB 2006), approved by the Governor, Chapter 2021-8, Laws of Florida (SB 2006) (May 3, 2021) (Ex. FL-030)	/library/FL-030	/exhibit/FL-030
Ex. FL-063	Executive Order 21-175	Governor Ron DeSantis	July 30, 2021	Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 21-175 (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FL-063)	/library/FL-063	/exhibit/FL-063
Ex. GA-003	Executive Order 03.16.20.01	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Mar. 16, 2020	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.16.20.01 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. GA-003)	/library/GA-003	/exhibit/GA-003
Ex. GA-008	Executive Order 03.26.20.02	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Mar. 26, 2020	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.26.20.02 (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. GA-008)	/library/GA-008	/exhibit/GA-008
Ex. GA-009	Executive Order 04.01.20.01	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Apr. 1, 2020	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 04.01.20.01 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. GA-009)	/library/GA-009	/exhibit/GA-009
Ex. GA-036	Executive Order 05.25.21.01	Governor Brian P. Kemp	May 25, 2021	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 05.25.21.01 (May 25, 2021) (Ex. GA-036)	/library/GA-036	/exhibit/GA-036
Ex. HI-004	Third Supplementary Proclamation	Governor David Y. Ige	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor David Y. Ige, Third Supplementary Proclamation (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. HI-004)	/library/HI-004	/exhibit/HI-004
Ex. HI-023	Twenty-First Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency	Governor David Y. Ige	June 7, 2021	Governor David Y. Ige, Twenty-First Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency (June 7, 2021) (Ex. HI-023)	/library/HI-023	/exhibit/HI-023
Ex. HI-024	Emergency Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Response	Governor David Y. Ige	Aug. 5, 2021	Governor David Y. Ige, Emergency Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Response (Aug. 5, 2021) (Ex. HI-024)	/library/HI-024	/exhibit/HI-024
Ex. HI-025	Executive Order No. 21-05	Governor David Y. Ige	Aug. 10, 2021	Governor David Y. Ige, Executive Order No. 21-05 (Aug. 10, 2021) (Ex. HI-025)	/library/HI-025	/exhibit/HI-025
Ex. HI-027	Executive Order No. 21-07	Governor David Y. Ige	Sept. 13, 2021	Governor David Y. Ige, Executive Order No. 21-07 (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. HI-027)	/library/HI-027	/exhibit/HI-027
Ex. HI-031	Order for Self-Quarantine (traveler order form, 10-day version revised May 25, 2021)	Director of Emergency Management, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (Maj. Gen. Kenneth S. Hara)	May 25, 2021	Director of Emergency Management, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (Maj. Gen. Kenneth S. Hara), Order for Self-Quarantine (traveler order form, 10-day version revised May 25, 2021) (Ex. HI-031)	/library/HI-031	/exhibit/HI-031
Ex. IA-023	Proclamation of Disaster Emergency (closure of bars in six counties; alcohol hours)	Governor Kim Reynolds	Aug. 27, 2020	Governor Kim Reynolds, Proclamation of Disaster Emergency (closure of bars in six counties; alcohol hours) (Aug. 27, 2020) (Ex. IA-023)	/library/IA-023	/exhibit/IA-023
Ex. IA-047	House File 889 (vaccination-proof prohibition)	Iowa General Assembly (89th G.A.); approved by Governor Reynolds May 20, 2021	May 20, 2021	Iowa General Assembly (89th G.A.); approved by Governor Reynolds May 20, 2021, House File 889 (vaccination-proof prohibition) (May 20, 2021) (Ex. IA-047)	/library/IA-047	/exhibit/IA-047
Ex. IA-057	Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order, The Arc of Iowa v. Reynolds, No. 4:21-cv-00264 (S.D. Iowa Sept. 13, 2021), ECF No. 32	United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa (Pratt, J.)	Sept. 13, 2021	United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa (Pratt, J.), Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order, The Arc of Iowa v. Reynolds, No. 4:21-cv-00264 (S.D. Iowa Sept. 13, 2021), ECF No. 32 (Ex. IA-057)	/library/IA-057	/exhibit/IA-057
Ex. IA-064	Ordinance No. 4420 (Ames Municipal Code § 17.37, Face Covering Requirement)	Ames City Council	Sept. 1, 2020	Ames City Council, Ordinance No. 4420 (Ames Municipal Code § 17.37, Face Covering Requirement) (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. IA-064)	/library/IA-064	/exhibit/IA-064
Ex. IA-067	Mayor's Order requiring face coverings (with Proclamation of Civil Emergency)	Mayor Bruce Teague	Aug. 19, 2021	Mayor Bruce Teague, Mayor's Order requiring face coverings (with Proclamation of Civil Emergency) (Aug. 19, 2021) (Ex. IA-067)	/library/IA-067	/exhibit/IA-067
Ex. ID-003	Order of the Director: Order to Self-Isolate for the State of Idaho (statewide stay-home order)	Dave Jeppesen, Director, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, at the direction of Governor Little	Mar. 25, 2020	Dave Jeppesen, Director, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, at the direction of Governor Little, Order of the Director: Order to Self-Isolate for the State of Idaho (statewide stay-home order) (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. ID-003)	/library/ID-003	/exhibit/ID-003
Ex. ID-028	Executive Order 2021-04	Governor Brad Little	Apr. 7, 2021	Governor Brad Little, Executive Order 2021-04 (Apr. 7, 2021) (Ex. ID-028)	/library/ID-028	/exhibit/ID-028
Ex. IL-005	Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8)	Governor JB Pritzker	Mar. 20, 2020	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. IL-005)	/library/IL-005	/exhibit/IL-005
Ex. IL-037	Executive Order 2021-12 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 81)	Governor JB Pritzker	June 11, 2021	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2021-12 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 81) (June 11, 2021) (Ex. IL-037)	/library/IL-037	/exhibit/IL-037
Ex. IL-042	Executive Order 2021-20 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 87)	Governor JB Pritzker	Aug. 26, 2021	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2021-20 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 87) (Aug. 26, 2021) (Ex. IL-042)	/library/IL-042	/exhibit/IL-042
Ex. IL-043	Executive Order 2021-22 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 88)	Governor JB Pritzker	Sept. 3, 2021	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2021-22 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 88) (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. IL-043)	/library/IL-043	/exhibit/IL-043
Ex. IN-006	Executive Order 20-08	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-08 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. IN-006)	/library/IN-006	/exhibit/IN-006
Ex. IN-068	Executive Order 21-19	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	July 29, 2021	Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 21-19 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. IN-068)	/library/IN-068	/exhibit/IN-068
Ex. IN-085	Bloomington Resolution 20-11 (passed 9-0, July 22, 2020) supporting the Monroe County Health Department Public Health Order of July 17, 2020, the Board of…	Common Council of the City of Bloomington (Resolution 20-11), reciting orders of the Monroe County Health Department (July 17, 2020), the Monroe County Board of Health (regulation of July 21, 2020) and Mayor John Hamilton (Executive Order 20-02 of July 20, 2020)	July 22, 2020	Common Council of the City of Bloomington (Resolution 20-11), reciting orders of the Monroe County Health Department (July 17, 2020), the Monroe County Board of Health (regulation of July 21, 2020) and Mayor John Hamilton (Executive Order 20-02 of July 20, 2020), Bloomington Resolution 20-11 (passed 9-0, July 22, 2020) supporting the Monroe County Health Department Public Health Order of July 17, 2020, the Board of Health Public Health Regulation of July 21, 2020 and Mayor's Executive Order 20-02 of July 20, 2020 (Ex. IN-085)	/library/IN-085	/exhibit/IN-085
Ex. IN-092	COVID-19 Control Measures under 410 IAC 1 (updated July 19, 2021)	Indiana Department of Health (State Health Commissioner)	July 19, 2021	Indiana Department of Health (State Health Commissioner), COVID-19 Control Measures under 410 IAC 1 (updated July 19, 2021) (Ex. IN-092)	/library/IN-092	/exhibit/IN-092
Ex. IN-094	Klaassen v. Trustees of Indiana University, No. 21-2326 (7th Cir. Aug. 2, 2021) (published order), describing Indiana University's fall-2021 vaccination…	Trustees of Indiana University (vaccination condition); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Easterbrook, J.) (order denying injunction pending appeal)	Aug. 2, 2021	Trustees of Indiana University (vaccination condition); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Easterbrook, J.) (order denying injunction pending appeal), Klaassen v. Trustees of Indiana University, No. 21-2326 (7th Cir. Aug. 2, 2021) (published order), describing Indiana University's fall-2021 vaccination requirement (Ex. IN-094)	/library/IN-094	/exhibit/IN-094
Ex. KS-005	Executive Order 20-07	Governor Laura Kelly	Mar. 17, 2020	Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order 20-07 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. KS-005)	/library/KS-005	/exhibit/KS-005
Ex. KS-009	Executive Order 20-16	Governor Laura Kelly	Mar. 28, 2020	Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order 20-16 (Mar. 28, 2020) (Ex. KS-009)	/library/KS-009	/exhibit/KS-009
Ex. KS-056	KDHE travel and exposure quarantine mandate page (as of June 10, 2021; list updated June 3, 2021)	Kansas Department of Health and Environment	June 3, 2021	Kansas Department of Health and Environment, KDHE travel and exposure quarantine mandate page (as of June 10, 2021; list updated June 3, 2021) (Ex. KS-056)	/library/KS-056	/exhibit/KS-056
Ex. KS-057	KDHE travel and exposure quarantine mandate page (as of Oct. 1, 2021; list updated Sept. 23, 2021)	Kansas Department of Health and Environment	Sept. 23, 2021	Kansas Department of Health and Environment, KDHE travel and exposure quarantine mandate page (as of Oct. 1, 2021; list updated Sept. 23, 2021) (Ex. KS-057)	/library/KS-057	/exhibit/KS-057
Ex. KS-095	Emergency Order of Local Health Officer and Douglas County Commission (Aug. 18, 2021)	Douglas County Local Health Officer (Thomas Marcellino, M.D.) and the Board of County Commissioners of Douglas County	Aug. 18, 2021	Douglas County Local Health Officer (Thomas Marcellino, M.D.) and the Board of County Commissioners of Douglas County, Emergency Order of Local Health Officer and Douglas County Commission (Aug. 18, 2021) (Ex. KS-095)	/library/KS-095	/exhibit/KS-095
Ex. KS-096	Kansas State University temporary face mask requirement on all campuses (COVID-19 page as archived Aug. 25, 2021)	Kansas State University (President Richard Myers)	Aug. 25, 2021	Kansas State University (President Richard Myers), Kansas State University temporary face mask requirement on all campuses (COVID-19 page as archived Aug. 25, 2021) (Ex. KS-096)	/library/KS-096	/exhibit/KS-096
Ex. KY-010	Executive Order 2020-257	Governor Andy Beshear	Mar. 25, 2020	Governor Andy Beshear, Executive Order 2020-257 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. KY-010)	/library/KY-010	/exhibit/KY-010
Ex. KY-041	2021 Senate Bill 1, Acts ch. 6 (2021 Ky. Acts 17)	Kentucky General Assembly (2021 Regular Session), enacted over the Governor's veto	Feb. 2, 2021	Kentucky General Assembly (2021 Regular Session), enacted over the Governor's veto, 2021 Senate Bill 1, Acts ch. 6 (2021 Ky. Acts 17) (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. KY-041)	/library/KY-041	/exhibit/KY-041
Ex. KY-052	Executive Order 2021-585	Governor Andy Beshear	Aug. 10, 2021	Governor Andy Beshear, Executive Order 2021-585 (Aug. 10, 2021) (Ex. KY-052)	/library/KY-052	/exhibit/KY-052
Ex. KY-053	702 KAR 1:195E	Kentucky Board of Education (Chair Lu Young); Education and Workforce Development Cabinet (Secretary Jacqueline Coleman); approved by Governor Beshear	Aug. 12, 2021	Kentucky Board of Education (Chair Lu Young); Education and Workforce Development Cabinet (Secretary Jacqueline Coleman); approved by Governor Beshear, 702 KAR 1:195E (Aug. 12, 2021) (Ex. KY-053)	/library/KY-053	/exhibit/KY-053
Ex. KY-054	902 KAR 2:213E	Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health (Secretary Friedlander); approved by Governor Beshear	Aug. 12, 2021	Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health (Secretary Friedlander); approved by Governor Beshear, 902 KAR 2:213E (Aug. 12, 2021) (Ex. KY-054)	/library/KY-054	/exhibit/KY-054
Ex. KY-057	2021 Special Session Senate Bill 1, Acts ch. 4	Kentucky General Assembly (2021 Special Session), enacted over the Governor's veto	Sept. 9, 2021	Kentucky General Assembly (2021 Special Session), enacted over the Governor's veto, 2021 Special Session Senate Bill 1, Acts ch. 4 (Sept. 9, 2021) (Ex. KY-057)	/library/KY-057	/exhibit/KY-057
Ex. LA-004	Proclamation 32 JBE 2020	Governor John Bel Edwards	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 32 JBE 2020 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. LA-004)	/library/LA-004	/exhibit/LA-004
Ex. LA-005	Proclamation 33 JBE 2020	Governor John Bel Edwards	Mar. 22, 2020	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 33 JBE 2020 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. LA-005)	/library/LA-005	/exhibit/LA-005
Ex. LA-035	Proclamation 131 JBE 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards	July 21, 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 131 JBE 2021 (July 21, 2021) (Ex. LA-035)	/library/LA-035	/exhibit/LA-035
Ex. LA-036	Proclamation 137 JBE 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards	Aug. 2, 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 137 JBE 2021 (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. LA-036)	/library/LA-036	/exhibit/LA-036
Ex. LA-038	Proclamation 167 JBE 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards	Aug. 31, 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 167 JBE 2021 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. LA-038)	/library/LA-038	/exhibit/LA-038
Ex. LA-040	Proclamation 181 JBE 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards	Sept. 28, 2021	Governor John Bel Edwards, Proclamation 181 JBE 2021 (Sept. 28, 2021) (Ex. LA-040)	/library/LA-040	/exhibit/LA-040
Ex. LAW-001	CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351)	United States Congress	Mar. 27, 2020	United States Congress, CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351) (Ex. LAW-001)	/library/LAW-001	/exhibit/LAW-001
Ex. LAW-002	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs.…	United States Congress	Dec. 27, 2020	United States Congress, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs. 206-207 at 134 Stat. 3059-3065) (Ex. LAW-002)	/library/LAW-002	/exhibit/LAW-002
Ex. LAW-003	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182)	United States Congress	Mar. 11, 2021	United States Congress, American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182) (Ex. LAW-003)	/library/LAW-003	/exhibit/LAW-003
Ex. LAW-004	Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341)	United States Congress	Nov. 15, 2021	United States Congress, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341) (Ex. LAW-004)	/library/LAW-004	/exhibit/LAW-004
Ex. LAW-246	KFF, State Social Distancing Actions, 2021-07-02 file	KFF	July 2, 2021	KFF, KFF, State Social Distancing Actions, 2021-07-02 file (Ex. LAW-246)	/library/LAW-246	/exhibit/LAW-246
Ex. LAW-247	KFF, State Social Distancing Actions, 2021-09-21 file	KFF	Sept. 21, 2021	KFF, KFF, State Social Distancing Actions, 2021-09-21 file (Ex. LAW-247)	/library/LAW-247	/exhibit/LAW-247
Ex. MA-008	COVID-19 Order No. 13	Governor Charles D. Baker	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 13 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. MA-008)	/library/MA-008	/exhibit/MA-008
Ex. MA-025	COVID-19 Order No. 45	Governor Charles D. Baker	July 24, 2020	Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 45 (July 24, 2020) (Ex. MA-025)	/library/MA-025	/exhibit/MA-025
Ex. MA-068	Executive Order No. 595	Governor Charles D. Baker	Aug. 19, 2021	Governor Charles D. Baker, Executive Order No. 595 (Aug. 19, 2021) (Ex. MA-068)	/library/MA-068	/exhibit/MA-068
Ex. MD-007	Order of the Governor No. 20-03-30-01 (Stay-at-Home Order), Amending and Restating the Order of March 23, 2020, Prohibiting Large Gatherings and Events and…	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr.	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Order of the Governor No. 20-03-30-01 (Stay-at-Home Order), Amending and Restating the Order of March 23, 2020, Prohibiting Large Gatherings and Events and Closing Senior Centers, and All Non-Essential Businesses and Other Establishments, and Additionally Requiring All Persons to Stay at Home (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. MD-007)	/library/MD-007	/exhibit/MD-007
Ex. MD-050	MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Various Healthcare Matters, No. MDH 2020-12-17-01 (traveler testing and quarantine; testing framework; hospital surge…	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health	Dec. 17, 2020	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health, MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Various Healthcare Matters, No. MDH 2020-12-17-01 (traveler testing and quarantine; testing framework; hospital surge and visitation) (Ex. MD-050)	/library/MD-050	/exhibit/MD-050
Ex. MD-057	MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-08-05-01 (State congregate facilities: proof of first dose by Sept. 1, 2021 or…	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health	Aug. 5, 2021	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health, MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-08-05-01 (State congregate facilities: proof of first dose by Sept. 1, 2021 or weekly testing and PPE) (Ex. MD-057)	/library/MD-057	/exhibit/MD-057
Ex. MD-058	MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-08-18-01 (all hospital and nursing home staff: proof of first dose by Sept. 1, 2021)	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health	Aug. 18, 2021	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health, MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-08-18-01 (all hospital and nursing home staff: proof of first dose by Sept. 1, 2021) (Ex. MD-058)	/library/MD-058	/exhibit/MD-058
Ex. MD-060	MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-09-08-01 (adds section 6, Certain Residential Facilities: assisted living programs…	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health	Sept. 8, 2021	Dennis R. Schrader, Secretary of Health, MDH Amended Directive and Order Regarding Vaccination Matters, No. MDH 2021-09-08-01 (adds section 6, Certain Residential Facilities: assisted living programs and others) (Ex. MD-060)	/library/MD-060	/exhibit/MD-060
Ex. ME-011	Executive Order 28 FY 19/20 (Corrected 2)	Governor Janet T. Mills	Mar. 31, 2020	Governor Janet T. Mills, Executive Order 28 FY 19/20 (Corrected 2) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. ME-011)	/library/ME-011	/exhibit/ME-011
Ex. MET-AUS-025	Mask to be Safe at School Order No. 20210813-034	Mayor Steve Adler	Aug. 13, 2021	Mayor Steve Adler, Mask to be Safe at School Order No. 20210813-034 (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. MET-AUS-025)	/library/MET-AUS-025	/exhibit/MET-AUS-025
Ex. MET-AUS-051	County Judge Amended Order 2021-08a; Relating to the COVID-19 and Mask to be Safe at School	Travis County Judge Andy Brown	Aug. 13, 2021	Travis County Judge Andy Brown, County Judge Amended Order 2021-08a; Relating to the COVID-19 and Mask to be Safe at School (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. MET-AUS-051)	/library/MET-AUS-051	/exhibit/MET-AUS-051
Ex. MET-AUS-053	Resolution and Order of the Travis County Commissioners Court Mandating Compliance with Local Health Authority Orders and Adopting Criteria for Declaring a…	Travis County Commissioners Court	Aug. 17, 2021	Travis County Commissioners Court, Resolution and Order of the Travis County Commissioners Court Mandating Compliance with Local Health Authority Orders and Adopting Criteria for Declaring a Public Health Nuisance (August 17, 2021) (Aug. 17, 2021) (Ex. MET-AUS-053)	/library/MET-AUS-053	/exhibit/MET-AUS-053
Ex. MET-AUS-054	Resolution and Order of the Travis County Commissioners Court Mandating Continued Compliance with Local Health Authority Orders and Adopting Criteria for…	Travis County Commissioners Court	Aug. 24, 2021	Travis County Commissioners Court, Resolution and Order of the Travis County Commissioners Court Mandating Continued Compliance with Local Health Authority Orders and Adopting Criteria for Declaring a Public Health Nuisance (August 24, 2021) (Aug. 24, 2021) (Ex. MET-AUS-054)	/library/MET-AUS-054	/exhibit/MET-AUS-054
Ex. MET-BOS-019	City of Boston announcement of the indoor mask mandate and Five-Point Plan for the Delta Variant	Acting Mayor Kim Janey (announcing the BPHC order of Aug. 20, 2021)	Aug. 20, 2021	Acting Mayor Kim Janey (announcing the BPHC order of Aug. 20, 2021), City of Boston announcement of the indoor mask mandate and Five-Point Plan for the Delta Variant (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. MET-BOS-019)	/library/MET-BOS-019	/exhibit/MET-BOS-019
Ex. MET-CHI-032	Chicago Emergency Travel Order / Travel Advisory State-by-State List (July 20, 2021)	Chicago Department of Public Health	July 20, 2021	Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago Emergency Travel Order / Travel Advisory State-by-State List (July 20, 2021) (Ex. MET-CHI-032)	/library/MET-CHI-032	/exhibit/MET-CHI-032
Ex. MET-DEN-023	Public Health Order requiring vaccination of personnel of certain entities	Executive Director, DDPHE (Robert M. McDonald)	Aug. 2, 2021	Executive Director, DDPHE (Robert M. McDonald), Public Health Order requiring vaccination of personnel of certain entities (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. MET-DEN-023)	/library/MET-DEN-023	/exhibit/MET-DEN-023
Ex. MET-DEN-033	Public Health Order 2021-08 Requiring Facial Coverings in All Indoor Public Spaces for All Individuals Age 2 and Older Regardless of Vaccination Status	Boulder County Public Health (approved by the Board of Health Sept. 2, 2021)	Sept. 2, 2021	Boulder County Public Health (approved by the Board of Health Sept. 2, 2021), Public Health Order 2021-08 Requiring Facial Coverings in All Indoor Public Spaces for All Individuals Age 2 and Older Regardless of Vaccination Status (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. MET-DEN-033)	/library/MET-DEN-033	/exhibit/MET-DEN-033
Ex. MET-DEN-037	Revised Public Health Order for institutes of higher education (supersedes the Sept. 22, 2020 order)	Executive Director, DDPHE (Robert M. McDonald)	Oct. 16, 2020	Executive Director, DDPHE (Robert M. McDonald), Revised Public Health Order for institutes of higher education (supersedes the Sept. 22, 2020 order) (Oct. 16, 2020) (Ex. MET-DEN-037)	/library/MET-DEN-037	/exhibit/MET-DEN-037
Ex. MET-DEN-100	Amended Public Health Order 2020-07-3 Prohibiting Gatherings Involving Persons Aged 18 to 22 Years in the City of Boulder and Ordering Residents of Identified…	Executive Director, BCPH, in collaboration with the Boulder County Board of Health	Sept. 23, 2020	Executive Director, BCPH, in collaboration with the Boulder County Board of Health, Amended Public Health Order 2020-07-3 Prohibiting Gatherings Involving Persons Aged 18 to 22 Years in the City of Boulder and Ordering Residents of Identified Properties to Stay at Home (Sept. 23, 2020) (Ex. MET-DEN-100)	/library/MET-DEN-100	/exhibit/MET-DEN-100
Ex. MET-DFW-030	Order of County Judge Clay Jenkins on Required Use of a Face Mask in Certain Public Space	Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins	Aug. 12, 2021	Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins, Order of County Judge Clay Jenkins on Required Use of a Face Mask in Certain Public Space (Aug. 12, 2021) (Ex. MET-DFW-030)	/library/MET-DFW-030	/exhibit/MET-DFW-030
Ex. MET-DFW-031	Order of County Judge Clay Jenkins Modifying Order on Required Use of a Face Mask in Certain Public Space	Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins	Aug. 16, 2021	Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins, Order of County Judge Clay Jenkins Modifying Order on Required Use of a Face Mask in Certain Public Space (Aug. 16, 2021) (Ex. MET-DFW-031)	/library/MET-DFW-031	/exhibit/MET-DFW-031
Ex. MET-MIA-003	Miami-Dade County Emergency Order 07-20	County Mayor Carlos A. Gimenez	Mar. 19, 2020	County Mayor Carlos A. Gimenez, Miami-Dade County Emergency Order 07-20 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. MET-MIA-003)	/library/MET-MIA-003	/exhibit/MET-MIA-003
Ex. MET-MSP-062	Face Covering Protocol (updated August 2, 2021)	University of Minnesota (University Health and Safety; Office of the President)	Aug. 2, 2021	University of Minnesota (University Health and Safety; Office of the President), Face Covering Protocol (updated August 2, 2021) (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. MET-MSP-062)	/library/MET-MSP-062	/exhibit/MET-MSP-062
Ex. MET-PHL-010	Fall/Winter Order ('Safer at Home' restrictions)	Mayor James F. Kenney and Health Commissioner Thomas A. Farley, MD, MPH	Nov. 16, 2020	Mayor James F. Kenney and Health Commissioner Thomas A. Farley, MD, MPH, Fall/Winter Order ('Safer at Home' restrictions) (Nov. 16, 2020) (Ex. MET-PHL-010)	/library/MET-PHL-010	/exhibit/MET-PHL-010
Ex. MET-PHL-020	Amendment to the Second Consolidated and Restated Supplemental Emergency Regulation Governing the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 (Consolidated Safety…	Philadelphia Board of Health (adopted Aug. 12/13, 2021; Law Department approval Aug. 13, 2021)	Aug. 13, 2021	Philadelphia Board of Health (adopted Aug. 12/13, 2021; Law Department approval Aug. 13, 2021), Amendment to the Second Consolidated and Restated Supplemental Emergency Regulation Governing the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 (Consolidated Safety Measures for Full Reopening and Delegation of Authority) (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. MET-PHL-020)	/library/MET-PHL-020	/exhibit/MET-PHL-020
Ex. MET-PHL-021	Emergency Regulation Mandating Vaccines for Healthcare Workers and in Higher Education, Healthcare, and Related Settings	Philadelphia Board of Health (adopted Aug. 12, 2021; Law Department approval and filing Aug. 16, 2021)	Aug. 12, 2021	Philadelphia Board of Health (adopted Aug. 12, 2021; Law Department approval and filing Aug. 16, 2021), Emergency Regulation Mandating Vaccines for Healthcare Workers and in Higher Education, Healthcare, and Related Settings (Aug. 12, 2021) (Ex. MET-PHL-021)	/library/MET-PHL-021	/exhibit/MET-PHL-021
Ex. MET-PHL-095	Release: COVID Vaccines Mandated for Healthcare Workers and those at Philly Colleges and University	City of Philadelphia, Department of Public Health (James Garrow) (release)	Aug. 13, 2021	City of Philadelphia, Department of Public Health (James Garrow) (release), Release: COVID Vaccines Mandated for Healthcare Workers and those at Philly Colleges and University (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. MET-PHL-095)	/library/MET-PHL-095	/exhibit/MET-PHL-095
Ex. MET-SDF-028	Release: Louisville enters new phase of dealing with COVID-19 (August 3, 2021)	Mayor Greg Fischer / Louisville Metro Government; Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness	Aug. 3, 2021	Mayor Greg Fischer / Louisville Metro Government; Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness, Release: Louisville enters new phase of dealing with COVID-19 (August 3, 2021) (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. MET-SDF-028)	/library/MET-SDF-028	/exhibit/MET-SDF-028
Ex. MET-SDF-030	TARC Announces Changes to Service in Response to COVID-19 (March 18, 2020)	Transit Authority of River City (TARC), Co-Executive Director Laura Douglas	Mar. 18, 2020	Transit Authority of River City (TARC), Co-Executive Director Laura Douglas, TARC Announces Changes to Service in Response to COVID-19 (March 18, 2020) (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. MET-SDF-030)	/library/MET-SDF-030	/exhibit/MET-SDF-030
Ex. MET-SDF-037	Healthcare stakeholders provide COVID-19 update (August 24, 2021)	Mayor Linda Gorton with the Healthcare Stakeholders group (hospitals, LFCHD, University of Kentucky)	Aug. 24, 2021	Mayor Linda Gorton with the Healthcare Stakeholders group (hospitals, LFCHD, University of Kentucky), Healthcare stakeholders provide COVID-19 update (August 24, 2021) (Aug. 24, 2021) (Ex. MET-SDF-037)	/library/MET-SDF-037	/exhibit/MET-SDF-037
Ex. MI-011	Executive Order 2020-21	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-21 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. MI-011)	/library/MI-011	/exhibit/MI-011
Ex. MI-060	MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order ('Pause to Save Lives')	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)	Nov. 15, 2020	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon), MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order ('Pause to Save Lives') (Nov. 15, 2020) (Ex. MI-060)	/library/MI-060	/exhibit/MI-060
Ex. MI-062	MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)	Dec. 18, 2020	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon), MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order (Dec. 18, 2020) (Ex. MI-062)	/library/MI-062	/exhibit/MI-062
Ex. MI-063	MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon)	Jan. 13, 2021	Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (Director Robert Gordon), MDHHS Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253: Gatherings and Face Mask Order (Jan. 13, 2021) (Ex. MI-063)	/library/MI-063	/exhibit/MI-063
Ex. MN-010	Emergency Executive Order 20-20, Directing Minnesotans to Stay at Home (Mar. 25, 2020)	Governor Tim Walz (approved by the Executive Council; filed with the Secretary of State)	Mar. 25, 2020	Governor Tim Walz (approved by the Executive Council; filed with the Secretary of State), Emergency Executive Order 20-20, Directing Minnesotans to Stay at Home (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. MN-010)	/library/MN-010	/exhibit/MN-010
Ex. MN-019	Emergency Executive Order 20-52	Governor Tim Walz	May 11, 2020	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-52 (May 11, 2020) (Ex. MN-019)	/library/MN-019	/exhibit/MN-019
Ex. MN-029	Emergency Executive Order 20-85	Governor Tim Walz	Aug. 26, 2020	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-85 (Aug. 26, 2020) (Ex. MN-029)	/library/MN-029	/exhibit/MN-029
Ex. MN-044	HR/LR Policy #1446, COVID-19 Proof of Vaccination and Testing	Minnesota Management and Budget (MMB), Enterprise Employee Resources, under the Governor's Aug. 11, 2021 direction	Aug. 11, 2021	Minnesota Management and Budget (MMB), Enterprise Employee Resources, under the Governor's Aug. 11, 2021 direction, HR/LR Policy #1446, COVID-19 Proof of Vaccination and Testing (Aug. 11, 2021) (Ex. MN-044)	/library/MN-044	/exhibit/MN-044
Ex. MO-004	DHSS Director's Order of April 3, 2020 ('Stay Home Missouri' Order)	Randall W. Williams, MD, Director, Department of Health and Senior Services (at the Governor's direction)	Apr. 3, 2020	Randall W. Williams, MD, Director, Department of Health and Senior Services (at the Governor's direction), DHSS Director's Order of April 3, 2020 ('Stay Home Missouri' Order) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. MO-004)	/library/MO-004	/exhibit/MO-004
Ex. MS-036	Executive Order 1519	Governor Tate Reeves	Aug. 20, 2020	Governor Tate Reeves, Executive Order 1519 (Aug. 20, 2020) (Ex. MS-036)	/library/MS-036	/exhibit/MS-036
Ex. MS-070	Seventh Resolution of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen declaring additional measures for the control of contagious and infectious diseases	Mayor and Board of Aldermen	July 7, 2020	Mayor and Board of Aldermen, Seventh Resolution of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen declaring additional measures for the control of contagious and infectious diseases (July 7, 2020) (Ex. MS-070)	/library/MS-070	/exhibit/MS-070
Ex. MT-009	Stay at Home Directive (Directive Implementing Executive Orders 2-2020 and 3-2020 providing measures to stay at home and designating certain essential…	Governor Steve Bullock	Mar. 26, 2020	Governor Steve Bullock, Stay at Home Directive (Directive Implementing Executive Orders 2-2020 and 3-2020 providing measures to stay at home and designating certain essential functions) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. MT-009)	/library/MT-009	/exhibit/MT-009
Ex. MT-071	DPHHS letter to providers: scope of the HB 702 Section 2 exemption for licensed nursing homes, long-term care and assisted living facilities	Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Director's Office (Adam Meier, Director)	July 28, 2021	Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Director's Office (Adam Meier, Director), DPHHS letter to providers: scope of the HB 702 Section 2 exemption for licensed nursing homes, long-term care and assisted living facilities (July 28, 2021) (Ex. MT-071)	/library/MT-071	/exhibit/MT-071
Ex. MT-072	House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified at Mont. Code…	Montana Legislature (67th), HB 702, approved by Governor Gianforte May 7, 2021; 2021 Mont. Laws ch. 418	May 7, 2021	Montana Legislature (67th), HB 702, approved by Governor Gianforte May 7, 2021; 2021 Mont. Laws ch. 418, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified at Mont. Code Ann. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. MT-072)	/library/MT-072	/exhibit/MT-072
Ex. NC-002	Executive Order No. 117	Governor Roy Cooper	Mar. 14, 2020	Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 117 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. NC-002)	/library/NC-002	/exhibit/NC-002
Ex. NC-005	Executive Order No. 121	Governor Roy Cooper	Mar. 27, 2020	Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 121 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. NC-005)	/library/NC-005	/exhibit/NC-005
Ex. NC-031	Executive Order No. 224	Governor Roy Cooper	July 29, 2021	Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 224 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. NC-031)	/library/NC-031	/exhibit/NC-031
Ex. NC-032	S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10	General Assembly of North Carolina	Aug. 30, 2021	General Assembly of North Carolina, S.L. 2021-130, sec. 10 (Aug. 30, 2021) (Ex. NC-032)	/library/NC-032	/exhibit/NC-032
Ex. NC-058	Executive Order No. 229	Governor Roy Cooper	Aug. 31, 2021	Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 229 (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. NC-058)	/library/NC-058	/exhibit/NC-058
Ex. ND-082	House Bill 1465 (2021), an emergency measure	Sixty-seventh Legislative Assembly (House Bill 1465); signed by Governor Burgum	May 7, 2021	Sixty-seventh Legislative Assembly (House Bill 1465); signed by Governor Burgum, House Bill 1465 (2021), an emergency measure (May 7, 2021) (Ex. ND-082)	/library/ND-082	/exhibit/ND-082
Ex. ND-083	NDSU COVID-19 Updates: fall 2021 face-covering requirement (page as archived Aug. 24, 2021)	North Dakota State University (institution of the State Board of Higher Education)	Aug. 24, 2021	North Dakota State University (institution of the State Board of Higher Education), NDSU COVID-19 Updates: fall 2021 face-covering requirement (page as archived Aug. 24, 2021) (Ex. ND-083)	/library/ND-083	/exhibit/ND-083
Ex. NE-089	Lincoln-Lancaster County Directed Health Measure of August 2021 (indoor face coverings)	Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department, Health Director Pat Lopez, with Mayor Leirion Gaylor Baird	Aug. 24, 2021	Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department, Health Director Pat Lopez, with Mayor Leirion Gaylor Baird, Lincoln-Lancaster County Directed Health Measure of August 2021 (indoor face coverings) (Aug. 24, 2021) (Ex. NE-089)	/library/NE-089
Ex. NH-009	Emergency Order #17	Governor Christopher T. Sununu	Mar. 26, 2020	Governor Christopher T. Sununu, Emergency Order #17 (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. NH-009)	/library/NH-009	/exhibit/NH-009
Ex. NH-068	RSA 141-C:1-a, Medical Freedom in Immunizations (HB 220)	New Hampshire General Court (HB 220, 2021); Governor's signature	July 23, 2021	New Hampshire General Court (HB 220, 2021); Governor's signature, RSA 141-C:1-a, Medical Freedom in Immunizations (HB 220) (July 23, 2021) (Ex. NH-068)	/library/NH-068	/exhibit/NH-068
Ex. NH-077	Emergency Ordinance #2020-11	Durham Town Council	Aug. 3, 2020	Durham Town Council, Emergency Ordinance #2020-11 (Aug. 3, 2020) (Ex. NH-077)	/library/NH-077	/exhibit/NH-077
Ex. NJ-002	Executive Order No. 104 (2020)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 16, 2020	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 104 (2020) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. NJ-002)	/library/NJ-002	/exhibit/NJ-002
Ex. NJ-004	New Jersey Executive Order 107 (Mar. 21, 2020; paras. 10-11 rescinded by EO 243 eff. June 4, 2021)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 21, 2020	Governor Philip D. Murphy, New Jersey Executive Order 107 (Mar. 21, 2020; paras. 10-11 rescinded by EO 243 eff. June 4, 2021) (Ex. NJ-004)	/library/NJ-004	/exhibit/NJ-004
Ex. NJ-024	Executive Order No. 155 (2020)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	June 18, 2020	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 155 (2020) (June 18, 2020) (Ex. NJ-024)	/library/NJ-024	/exhibit/NJ-024
Ex. NJ-032	Executive Order No. 175 (2020)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Aug. 13, 2020	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 175 (2020) (Aug. 13, 2020) (Ex. NJ-032)	/library/NJ-032	/exhibit/NJ-032
Ex. NJ-050	Executive Order No. 242 (2021)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	May 24, 2021	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 242 (2021) (May 24, 2021) (Ex. NJ-050)	/library/NJ-050	/exhibit/NJ-050
Ex. NJ-052	Executive Order No. 244 (2021)	Governor Philip D. Murphy	June 4, 2021	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 244 (2021) (June 4, 2021) (Ex. NJ-052)	/library/NJ-052	/exhibit/NJ-052
Ex. NM-006	New Mexico Public Health Emergency Order (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 8:00 a.m.)	Secretary of Health Kathyleen M. Kunkel, 'as directed by the Governor pursuant to the full scope of her emergency powers'	Mar. 23, 2020	Secretary of Health Kathyleen M. Kunkel, 'as directed by the Governor pursuant to the full scope of her emergency powers', New Mexico Public Health Emergency Order (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 8:00 a.m.) (Ex. NM-006)	/library/NM-006	/exhibit/NM-006
Ex. NM-062	Public Health Emergency Order of July 30, 2021	Acting Secretary of Health David R. Scrase, M.D.	July 30, 2021	Acting Secretary of Health David R. Scrase, M.D, Public Health Emergency Order of July 30, 2021 (Ex. NM-062)	/library/NM-062	/exhibit/NM-062
Ex. NM-063	Executive Order 2021-046	Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham	July 30, 2021	Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham, Executive Order 2021-046 (July 30, 2021) (Ex. NM-063)	/library/NM-063	/exhibit/NM-063
Ex. NM-068	New Mexico PHO of Aug. 17, 2021 (school workers; hospital and congregate-care workers)	Acting Secretary of Health David R. Scrase, M.D.	Aug. 17, 2021	Acting Secretary of Health David R. Scrase, M.D, New Mexico PHO of Aug. 17, 2021 (school workers; hospital and congregate-care workers) (Ex. NM-068)	/library/NM-068	/exhibit/NM-068
Ex. NV-012	Declaration of Emergency Directive 010 - Stay at Home Order	Governor Steve Sisolak	Mar. 31, 2020	Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 010 - Stay at Home Order (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. NV-012)	/library/NV-012	/exhibit/NV-012
Ex. NV-041	Declaration of Emergency Directive 047	Governor Steve Sisolak	July 27, 2021	Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 047 (July 27, 2021) (Ex. NV-041)	/library/NV-041	/exhibit/NV-041
Ex. NV-042	Declaration of Emergency Directive 048	Governor Steve Sisolak	Aug. 4, 2021	Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 048 (Aug. 4, 2021) (Ex. NV-042)	/library/NV-042	/exhibit/NV-042
Ex. NV-055	Emergency Regulation of the Board of Health amending NAC 441A.755	Nevada State Board of Health (approved Aug. 20, 2021; Governor's endorsement the same day)	Aug. 20, 2021	Nevada State Board of Health (approved Aug. 20, 2021; Governor's endorsement the same day), Emergency Regulation of the Board of Health amending NAC 441A.755 (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. NV-055)	/library/NV-055	/exhibit/NV-055
Ex. NV-070	Release, 'Board of Health approves emergency regs for COVID-19 vaccination'	Nevada Health Response (Office of the Governor)	Aug. 20, 2021	Nevada Health Response (Office of the Governor), Release, 'Board of Health approves emergency regs for COVID-19 vaccination' (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. NV-070)	/library/NV-070	/exhibit/NV-070
Ex. NY-002	Executive Order No. 202.8 (Mar. 20, 2020)	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Mar. 20, 2020	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order No. 202.8 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. NY-002)	/library/NY-002	/exhibit/NY-002
Ex. NY-006	Executive Order No. 205	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo (with the Commissioner of Health)	June 24, 2020	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo (with the Commissioner of Health), Executive Order No. 205 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. NY-006)	/library/NY-006	/exhibit/NY-006
Ex. NY-031	Executive Order No. 202.45 (New York Forward, Phase Four)	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	June 26, 2020	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order No. 202.45 (New York Forward, Phase Four) (June 26, 2020) (Ex. NY-031)	/library/NY-031	/exhibit/NY-031
Ex. NY-049	Executive Order No. 210	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	June 24, 2021	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order No. 210 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. NY-049)	/library/NY-049	/exhibit/NY-049
Ex. NY-050	Executive Order No. 202.61	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Sept. 9, 2020	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order No. 202.61 (Sept. 9, 2020) (Ex. NY-050)	/library/NY-050	/exhibit/NY-050
Ex. NY-071	10 NYCRR 2.61 (Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission by Covered Entities), emergency rule I.D. No. HLT-37-21-00003-E, Filing No. 946, filed and effective Aug. 26…	New York State Department of Health / Public Health and Health Planning Council (New York State Register, Sept. 15, 2021, Vol. XLIII, Issue 37)	Aug. 26, 2021	New York State Department of Health / Public Health and Health Planning Council (New York State Register, Sept. 15, 2021, Vol. XLIII, Issue 37), 10 NYCRR 2.61 (Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission by Covered Entities), emergency rule I.D. No. HLT-37-21-00003-E, Filing No. 946, filed and effective Aug. 26, 2021 (Ex. NY-071)	/library/NY-071	/exhibit/NY-071
Ex. NY-073	Commissioner's Determination on Indoor Masking Pursuant to 10 NYCRR 2.60	Commissioner of Health Howard A. Zucker, M.D., J.D.	Aug. 27, 2021	Commissioner of Health Howard A. Zucker, M.D., J.D, Commissioner's Determination on Indoor Masking Pursuant to 10 NYCRR 2.60 (Aug. 27, 2021) (Ex. NY-073)	/library/NY-073	/exhibit/NY-073
Ex. NY-112	Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward)	June 26, 2020	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. NY-112)	/library/NY-112	/exhibit/NY-112
Ex. OH-011	Ohio Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) secs. 12(k), 15	Amy Acton, MD, MPH, Director, Ohio Department of Health	Mar. 22, 2020	Amy Acton, MD, MPH, Director, Ohio Department of Health, Ohio Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) secs. 12(k), 15 (Ex. OH-011)	/library/OH-011	/exhibit/OH-011
Ex. OH-064	Am. H.B. 244 (134th G.A.)	134th General Assembly; signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021	July 14, 2021	134th General Assembly; signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, Am. H.B. 244 (134th G.A.) (July 14, 2021) (Ex. OH-064)	/library/OH-064	/exhibit/OH-064
Ex. OK-007	Executive Memorandum 2020-01	Governor J. Kevin Stitt	Mar. 24, 2020	Governor J. Kevin Stitt, Executive Memorandum 2020-01 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. OK-007)	/library/OK-007	/exhibit/OK-007
Ex. OK-043	Senate Bill 658 (2021)	Oklahoma Legislature (58th Leg., 1st Sess.); approved by Governor Stitt May 28, 2021	May 28, 2021	Oklahoma Legislature (58th Leg., 1st Sess.); approved by Governor Stitt May 28, 2021, Senate Bill 658 (2021) (May 28, 2021) (Ex. OK-043)	/library/OK-043	/exhibit/OK-043
Ex. OK-085	Ordinance No. 3463	Stillwater City Council (adopted Nov. 19, 2020) and Mayor William H. Joyce	Nov. 19, 2020	Stillwater City Council (adopted Nov. 19, 2020) and Mayor William H. Joyce, Ordinance No. 3463 (Nov. 19, 2020) (Ex. OK-085)	/library/OK-085	/exhibit/OK-085
Ex. OR-021	Executive Order 20-28	Governor Kate Brown	June 12, 2020	Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order 20-28 (June 12, 2020) (Ex. OR-021)	/library/OR-021	/exhibit/OR-021
Ex. OR-033	Executive Order 20-65	Governor Kate Brown	Nov. 17, 2020	Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order 20-65 (Nov. 17, 2020) (Ex. OR-033)	/library/OR-033	/exhibit/OR-033
Ex. OR-035	Executive Order 20-66	Governor Kate Brown (OHA assigns Risk Levels and issues binding sector guidance)	Dec. 2, 2020	Governor Kate Brown (OHA assigns Risk Levels and issues binding sector guidance), Executive Order 20-66 (Dec. 2, 2020) (Ex. OR-035)	/library/OR-035	/exhibit/OR-035
Ex. OR-043	Executive Order 21-15	Governor Kate Brown	June 25, 2021	Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order 21-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. OR-043)	/library/OR-043	/exhibit/OR-043
Ex. OR-047	Oregon EO 21-29 (Aug. 13, 2021)	Governor Kate Brown	Aug. 13, 2021	Governor Kate Brown, Oregon EO 21-29 (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. OR-047)	/library/OR-047	/exhibit/OR-047
Ex. OR-048	OAR 333-019-1025 (temporary rule PH 35-2021; amended PH 41-2021 and PH 83-2021; permanent PH 15-2022)	Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division	Aug. 11, 2021	Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, OAR 333-019-1025 (temporary rule PH 35-2021; amended PH 41-2021 and PH 83-2021; permanent PH 15-2022) (Aug. 11, 2021) (Ex. OR-048)	/library/OR-048	/exhibit/OR-048
Ex. OR-049	Oregon OSHA Administrative Order 10-2021 (temporary amendment of OAR 437-001-0744)	Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services	Aug. 13, 2021	Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon OSHA Administrative Order 10-2021 (temporary amendment of OAR 437-001-0744) (Aug. 13, 2021) (Ex. OR-049)	/library/OR-049	/exhibit/OR-049
Ex. OR-059	Executive Order 20-09	Governor Kate Brown	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order 20-09 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. OR-059)	/library/OR-059	/exhibit/OR-059
Ex. PA-002	Order of the Governor Regarding the Closure of All Businesses That Are Not Life Sustaining (Mar. 19, 2020), sec. 1 and sec. 2	Governor Tom Wolf; Secretary of Health Rachel Levine	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor Tom Wolf; Secretary of Health Rachel Levine, Order of the Governor Regarding the Closure of All Businesses That Are Not Life Sustaining (Mar. 19, 2020), sec. 1 and sec. 2 (Ex. PA-002)	/library/PA-002	/exhibit/PA-002
Ex. PA-006	Order of the Governor for Individuals to Stay at Home (statewide)	Governor Tom Wolf	Apr. 1, 2020	Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor for Individuals to Stay at Home (statewide) (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. PA-006)	/library/PA-006	/exhibit/PA-006
Ex. PA-021	Order of the Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health for Mitigation Relating to Travel	Secretary of Health Rachel Levine, M.D.	Nov. 17, 2020	Secretary of Health Rachel Levine, M.D, Order of the Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health for Mitigation Relating to Travel (Nov. 17, 2020) (Ex. PA-021)	/library/PA-021	/exhibit/PA-021
Ex. PA-042	Order of the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Directing Face Coverings in School Entities	Acting Secretary of Health Alison V. Beam	Aug. 31, 2021	Acting Secretary of Health Alison V. Beam, Order of the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Directing Face Coverings in School Entities (Aug. 31, 2021) (Ex. PA-042)	/library/PA-042	/exhibit/PA-042
Ex. PA-108	Announcement of Aug. 10, 2021: vaccination-or-weekly-testing requirement for Commonwealth employees in State-run health care and high-risk congregate facilities…	Governor Tom Wolf (Office of Administration policy for Commonwealth employees)	Aug. 10, 2021	Governor Tom Wolf (Office of Administration policy for Commonwealth employees), Announcement of Aug. 10, 2021: vaccination-or-weekly-testing requirement for Commonwealth employees in State-run health care and high-risk congregate facilities (state hospitals, state centers, veterans' homes, community health centers, state correctional institutions), effective Sept. 7, 2021; new hires must be vaccinated (Ex. PA-108)	/library/PA-108
Ex. RI-009	Executive Order 20-13	Governor Gina M. Raimondo	Mar. 28, 2020	Governor Gina M. Raimondo, Executive Order 20-13 (Mar. 28, 2020) (Ex. RI-009)	/library/RI-009	/exhibit/RI-009
Ex. RI-033	Executive Order 21-04	Governor Gina M. Raimondo	Jan. 14, 2021	Governor Gina M. Raimondo, Executive Order 21-04 (Jan. 14, 2021) (Ex. RI-033)	/library/RI-033	/exhibit/RI-033
Ex. SC-002	Executive Order No. 2020-09	Governor Henry McMaster	Mar. 15, 2020	Governor Henry McMaster, Executive Order No. 2020-09 (Mar. 15, 2020) (Ex. SC-002)	/library/SC-002	/exhibit/SC-002
Ex. SC-024	Executive Order No. 2020-40	Governor Henry McMaster	June 11, 2020	Governor Henry McMaster, Executive Order No. 2020-40 (June 11, 2020) (Ex. SC-024)	/library/SC-024	/exhibit/SC-024
Ex. SC-040	Creswick v. University of South Carolina, Op. No. 28053	Supreme Court of South Carolina (original jurisdiction)	Aug. 17, 2021	Supreme Court of South Carolina (original jurisdiction), Creswick v. University of South Carolina, Op. No. 28053 (Aug. 17, 2021) (Ex. SC-040)	/library/SC-040	/exhibit/SC-040
Ex. SC-045	Act No. 94 of 2021, Part IB, Provisos 1.108 (SDE: Mask Mandate Prohibition) and 117.190 (GP: Masks at Higher Education Facilities)	General Assembly of South Carolina (H. 4100, ratified R. 116, June 21, 2021)	June 30, 2021	General Assembly of South Carolina (H. 4100, ratified R. 116, June 21, 2021), Act No. 94 of 2021, Part IB, Provisos 1.108 (SDE: Mask Mandate Prohibition) and 117.190 (GP: Masks at Higher Education Facilities) (June 30, 2021) (Ex. SC-045)	/library/SC-045	/exhibit/SC-045
Ex. SEC-15-004	SEVP Broadcast Message 2003-01: COVID-19 and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant students	U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)	Mar. 13, 2020	U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), SEVP Broadcast Message 2003-01: COVID-19 and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant students (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. SEC-15-004)	/library/SEC-15-004	/exhibit/SEC-15-004
Ex. SEC-15-005	SEVP Broadcast Message 2007-01: COVID-19 and Fall 2020	ICE SEVP	July 6, 2020	ICE SEVP, SEVP Broadcast Message 2007-01: COVID-19 and Fall 2020 (July 6, 2020) (Ex. SEC-15-005)	/library/SEC-15-005	/exhibit/SEC-15-005
Ex. SEC-27-001	University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program	University of California, Office of the President (President Michael V. Drake)	July 15, 2021	University of California, Office of the President (President Michael V. Drake), University of California Policy, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program (July 15, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-001)	/library/SEC-27-001	/exhibit/SEC-27-001
Ex. SEC-27-002	Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward)	June 26, 2020	New York State Department of Health (New York Forward), Interim Guidance for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-002)	/library/SEC-27-002
Ex. SEC-27-003	Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education	Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2	June 18, 2020	Secretary of Higher Education (Office of the Secretary of Higher Education), under Executive Order No. 155 para. 2, Restart Standards for All New Jersey Institutions of Higher Education (June 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-003)	/library/SEC-27-003
Ex. SEC-27-006	UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020)	UNC System Interim President William L. Roper	Mar. 17, 2020	UNC System Interim President William L. Roper, UNC System Updates Guidance to Constituent Institutions (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-006)	/library/SEC-27-006
Ex. SEC-27-007	USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction…	University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents)	Mar. 16, 2020	University System of Georgia (Chancellor Steve Wrigley; Board of Regents), USG Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates: 'USG Suspends Instruction to Assess Continuity Plans, Online Instruction' (Mar. 12, 2020), 'USG Moves to Online Instruction for Remainder of Semester' (Mar. 16, 2020, 4:47 p.m.), 'USG Institutions to Develop Creative Alternatives to Commencement Ceremony' (Mar. 18, 2020), refunds update (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-007)	/library/SEC-27-007	/exhibit/SEC-27-007
Ex. SEC-27-008	Update from Board of Regents President Mike Richards on Coronavirus (Mar. 10, 2020)	Board of Regents President Michael Richards	Mar. 10, 2020	Board of Regents President Michael Richards, Update from Board of Regents President Mike Richards on Coronavirus (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-008)	/library/SEC-27-008	/exhibit/SEC-27-008
Ex. SEC-27-011	CUNY Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fall 2021 Safety Guidance: vaccination mandate for students in in-person and hybrid classes; masks in all CUNY campuses and…	City University of New York (Board of Trustees and Chancellor Felix V. Matos Rodriguez)	Aug. 25, 2021	City University of New York (Board of Trustees and Chancellor Felix V. Matos Rodriguez), CUNY Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fall 2021 Safety Guidance: vaccination mandate for students in in-person and hybrid classes; masks in all CUNY campuses and buildings; testing program for unvaccinated persons (Aug. 25, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-011)	/library/SEC-27-011	/exhibit/SEC-27-011
Ex. SEC-27-013	California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy	Chancellor Joseph I. Castro (Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy)	July 27, 2021	Chancellor Joseph I. Castro (Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy), California State University to Implement COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Fall 2021 Term (July 27, 2021) and the Interim CSU COVID-19 Vaccination Policy (Ex. SEC-27-013)	/library/SEC-27-013
Ex. SEC-27-014	House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code…	Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte	May 7, 2021	Montana Legislature (House Bill 702, 67th Legislature), approved by Governor Gianforte, House Bill 702 (2021), An Act Prohibiting Discrimination Based on a Person's Vaccination Status or Possession of an Immunity Passport, codified as Mont. Code Ann. sec. 49-2-312 (May 7, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-014)	/library/SEC-27-014	/exhibit/SEC-27-014
Ex. SEC-27-015	R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and…	Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021	July 14, 2021	Ohio General Assembly (Am. H.B. 244, 134th G.A.), signed by Governor DeWine July 14, 2021, R.C. 3792.04 (enacted by Am. H.B. 244), Public schools and state institutions of higher education - prohibition against mandatory vaccinations and discrimination (July 14, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-015)	/library/SEC-27-015	/exhibit/SEC-27-015
Ex. SEC-27-016	Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after…	Nevada State Board of Health	Aug. 20, 2021	Nevada State Board of Health, Emergency Regulation R073-21 amending NAC 441A.755 (COVID-19 vaccination required for enrollment at Nevada System of Higher Education institutions on or after Nov. 1, 2021) (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-016)	/library/SEC-27-016
Ex. SEC-27-020	Table 333.10, Total revenue of public degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by source of revenue and level of institution: Selected years, 2007-08 through…	National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2021	Jan. 1, 2022	National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2021, Table 333.10, Total revenue of public degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by source of revenue and level of institution: Selected years, 2007-08 through 2019-20 (Jan. 1, 2022) (Ex. SEC-27-020)	/library/SEC-27-020	/exhibit/SEC-27-020
Ex. SEC-27-021	Table 333.40, Total revenue of private nonprofit degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by source of funds and level of institution: Selected years…	National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2021	Jan. 1, 2022	National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2021, Table 333.40, Total revenue of private nonprofit degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by source of funds and level of institution: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2019-20 (Jan. 1, 2022) (Ex. SEC-27-021)	/library/SEC-27-021	/exhibit/SEC-27-021
Ex. SEC-27-024	Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020)	Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor)	May 6, 2020	Office of Governor Ned Lamont, Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group, Higher Education Subcommittee (report to the Governor), Report of the Higher Education Subcommittee, Reopen Connecticut (May 6, 2020; corrected version May 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-024)	/library/SEC-27-024	/exhibit/SEC-27-024
Ex. SEC-27-026	Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (Aug. 11, 2020)	Big Ten Council of Presidents and Chancellors	Aug. 11, 2020	Big Ten Council of Presidents and Chancellors, Big Ten Statement on 2020-21 Fall Season (Aug. 11, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-026)	/library/SEC-27-026
Ex. SEC-27-GM-001	Organizer notice	National Collegiate Athletic Association (President Mark Emmert and the Board of Governors)	Mar. 12, 2020	National Collegiate Athletic Association (President Mark Emmert and the Board of Governors), Organizer notice (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-001)	/library/SEC-27-GM-001	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-001
Ex. SEC-27-GM-002	Organizer notice	Law School Admission Council	Mar. 16, 2020	Law School Admission Council, Organizer notice (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-002)	/library/SEC-27-GM-002	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-002
Ex. SEC-27-GM-003	Organizer notice	Middle States Commission on Higher Education (the regional accreditor for Delaware, D.C., Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands)	Mar. 27, 2020	Middle States Commission on Higher Education (the regional accreditor for Delaware, D.C., Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands), Organizer notice (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-003)	/library/SEC-27-GM-003	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-003
Ex. SEC-27-GM-004	Organizer notice	Association of Public and Land-grant Universities	Aug. 16, 2020	Association of Public and Land-grant Universities, Organizer notice (Aug. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-004)	/library/SEC-27-GM-004	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-004
Ex. SEC-27-GM-005	Organizer notice	University of Pennsylvania, Division of Recreation and Intercollegiate Athletics	Mar. 2, 2021	University of Pennsylvania, Division of Recreation and Intercollegiate Athletics, Organizer notice (Mar. 2, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-005)	/library/SEC-27-GM-005	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-005
Ex. SEC-27-GM-006	Organizer notice	EDUCAUSE	Aug. 25, 2021	EDUCAUSE, Organizer notice (Aug. 25, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-006)	/library/SEC-27-GM-006	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-006
Ex. SEC-27-GM-007	Organizer notice	Pac-12 Conference (CEO Group)	Aug. 11, 2020	Pac-12 Conference (CEO Group), Organizer notice (Aug. 11, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-007)	/library/SEC-27-GM-007	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-007
Ex. SEC-27-GM-008	Organizer notice	EDSIG and ISCAP (EDSIGCON/CONISAR); University Business (UB Tech); Instructure (InstructureCON)	Nov. 4, 2020	EDSIG and ISCAP (EDSIGCON/CONISAR); University Business (UB Tech); Instructure (InstructureCON), Organizer notice (Nov. 4, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-008)	/library/SEC-27-GM-008	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-008
Ex. SEC-27-GM-009	Organizer notice	Society for College and University Planning	July 20, 2020	Society for College and University Planning, Organizer notice (July 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-009)	/library/SEC-27-GM-009	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-009
Ex. SEC-27-GM-010	Organizer notice	NAFSA: Association of International Educators (board of directors)	Apr. 1, 2020	NAFSA: Association of International Educators (board of directors), Organizer notice (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-010)	/library/SEC-27-GM-010	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-010
Ex. SEC-27-GM-011	Organizer notice	EDUCAUSE	Sept. 14, 2020	EDUCAUSE, Organizer notice (Sept. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-011)	/library/SEC-27-GM-011	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-011
Ex. SEC-27-GM-012	Organizer notice	American Physical Society	Mar. 1, 2020	American Physical Society, Organizer notice (Mar. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-012)	/library/SEC-27-GM-012	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-012
Ex. SEC-27-GM-013	Organizer notice	American Chemical Society	Mar. 9, 2020	American Chemical Society, Organizer notice (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-013)	/library/SEC-27-GM-013	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-013
Ex. SEC-27-GM-014	Organizer notice	Higher Learning Commission (the regional accreditor for nineteen States)	Mar. 17, 2020	Higher Learning Commission (the regional accreditor for nineteen States), Organizer notice (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-014)	/library/SEC-27-GM-014	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-014
Ex. SEC-27-GM-015	Organizer notice	WASC Senior College and University Commission (the regional accreditor for California, Hawaii and the Pacific)	Mar. 30, 2020	WASC Senior College and University Commission (the regional accreditor for California, Hawaii and the Pacific), Organizer notice (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-015)	/library/SEC-27-GM-015	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-015
Ex. SEC-27-GM-016	Organizer notice	American Educational Research Association	Mar. 22, 2020	American Educational Research Association, Organizer notice (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-016)	/library/SEC-27-GM-016	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-016
Ex. SEC-27-GM-017	Organizer notice	Association of American Colleges and Universities	Dec. 19, 2020	Association of American Colleges and Universities, Organizer notice (Dec. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-017)	/library/SEC-27-GM-017	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-017
Ex. SEC-27-GM-018	Organizer notice	National Association for College Admission Counseling	Sept. 13, 2021	National Association for College Admission Counseling, Organizer notice (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-018)	/library/SEC-27-GM-018	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-018
Ex. SEC-27-GM-019	Organizer notice	College and University Professional Association for Human Resources	Sept. 16, 2021	College and University Professional Association for Human Resources, Organizer notice (Sept. 16, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-019)	/library/SEC-27-GM-019	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-019
Ex. SEC-27-GM-020	Organizer notice	American Sociological Association	June 1, 2020	American Sociological Association, Organizer notice (June 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-020)	/library/SEC-27-GM-020	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-020
Ex. SEC-27-GM-021	Organizer notice	Modern Language Association	Sept. 7, 2020	Modern Language Association, Organizer notice (Sept. 7, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-021)	/library/SEC-27-GM-021	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-021
Ex. SEC-27-GM-022	Organizer notice	American Political Science Association	June 5, 2020	American Political Science Association, Organizer notice (June 5, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-022)	/library/SEC-27-GM-022	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-022
Ex. SEC-27-GM-023	Organizer notice	American Historical Association	Dec. 5, 2020	American Historical Association, Organizer notice (Dec. 5, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-023)	/library/SEC-27-GM-023	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-023
Ex. SEC-27-GM-024	Organizer notice	institutions	Mar. 20, 2020	institutions, Organizer notice (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-024)	/library/SEC-27-GM-024	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-024
Ex. SEC-27-GM-025	Organizer notice	institutions under the State orders and system directives	Mar. 21, 2020	institutions under the State orders and system directives, Organizer notice (Mar. 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-025)	/library/SEC-27-GM-025	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-025
Ex. SEC-27-GM-026	Organizer notice		Dec. 13, 2020	Organizer notice (Dec. 13, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-026)	/library/SEC-27-GM-026	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-026
Ex. SEC-27-GM-027	Organizer notice	institutions	May 1, 2021	institutions, Organizer notice (May 1, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-027)	/library/SEC-27-GM-027	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-027
Ex. SEC-27-GM-028	Organizer notice	campus presenters (Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, University of Illinois, as the read example)	Mar. 22, 2020	campus presenters (Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, University of Illinois, as the read example), Organizer notice (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-028)	/library/SEC-27-GM-028	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-028
Ex. SEC-27-GM-029	Organizer notice	National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators	June 21, 2020	National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators, Organizer notice (June 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-029)	/library/SEC-27-GM-029	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-029
Ex. SEC-27-GM-030	Organizer notice	American College Health Association	June 21, 2020	American College Health Association, Organizer notice (June 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-030)	/library/SEC-27-GM-030	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-030
Ex. SEC-27-GM-031	Organizer notice	NASPA - Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education	Mar. 8, 2021	NASPA - Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education, Organizer notice (Mar. 8, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-031)	/library/SEC-27-GM-031	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-031
Ex. SEC-27-GM-032	Organizer notice	Sun Bowl Association	Nov. 20, 2020	Sun Bowl Association, Organizer notice (Nov. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-032)	/library/SEC-27-GM-032	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-032
Ex. SEC-27-GM-033	Organizer notice	Texas A&M Athletics (12th Man Foundation)	Sept. 10, 2020	Texas A&M Athletics (12th Man Foundation), Organizer notice (Sept. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-033)	/library/SEC-27-GM-033	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-033
Ex. SEC-27-GM-034	Organizer notice	institutions	June 21, 2021	institutions, Organizer notice (June 21, 2021) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-034)	/library/SEC-27-GM-034	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-034
Ex. SEC-27-GM-035	Organizer notice	Council for Advancement and Support of Education	June 8, 2020	Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Organizer notice (June 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-035)	/library/SEC-27-GM-035	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-035
Ex. SEC-27-GM-036	Organizer notice	National Association of College and University Business Officers	Apr. 20, 2020	National Association of College and University Business Officers, Organizer notice (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-27-GM-036)	/library/SEC-27-GM-036	/exhibit/SEC-27-GM-036
Ex. TN-007	Executive Order No. 22	Governor Bill Lee	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Bill Lee, Executive Order No. 22 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. TN-007)	/library/TN-007	/exhibit/TN-007
Ex. TN-065	Public Chapter No. 550 (2021) (SB 858 / HB 575)	Tennessee General Assembly (112th), signed by Governor Lee	June 2, 2021	Tennessee General Assembly (112th), signed by Governor Lee, Public Chapter No. 550 (2021) (SB 858 / HB 575) (June 2, 2021) (Ex. TN-065)	/library/TN-065	/exhibit/TN-065
Ex. TX-004	Executive Order GA-09	Governor Greg Abbott	Mar. 22, 2020	Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-09 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. TX-004)	/library/TX-004	/exhibit/TX-004
Ex. TX-030	Executive Order GA-35	Governor Greg Abbott	Apr. 5, 2021	Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-35 (Apr. 5, 2021) (Ex. TX-030)	/library/TX-030	/exhibit/TX-030
Ex. TX-032	Senate Bill 968 (Act of June 16, 2021), § 161.0085 'COVID-19 Vaccine Passports Prohibited'	Texas Legislature (87th Leg., R.S.), Senate Bill 968, signed by Governor Abbott	June 16, 2021	Texas Legislature (87th Leg., R.S.), Senate Bill 968, signed by Governor Abbott, Senate Bill 968 (Act of June 16, 2021), § 161.0085 'COVID-19 Vaccine Passports Prohibited' (Ex. TX-032)	/library/TX-032	/exhibit/TX-032
Ex. TX-036	Executive Order GA-38	Governor Greg Abbott	July 29, 2021	Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-38 (July 29, 2021) (Ex. TX-036)	/library/TX-036	/exhibit/TX-036
Ex. TX-037	Executive Order GA-39	Governor Greg Abbott	Aug. 25, 2021	Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-39 (Aug. 25, 2021) (Ex. TX-037)	/library/TX-037	/exhibit/TX-037
Ex. TX-044	Stay order, In re Greg Abbott, No. 21-0686 (Tex. Aug. 15, 2021) (Dallas County mask order)	Supreme Court of Texas	Aug. 15, 2021	Supreme Court of Texas, Stay order, In re Greg Abbott, No. 21-0686 (Tex. Aug. 15, 2021) (Dallas County mask order) (Ex. TX-044)	/library/TX-044	/exhibit/TX-044
Ex. TX-045	Stay order, In re Greg Abbott, No. 21-0687 (Tex. Aug. 15, 2021) (City of San Antonio and Bexar County mask order)	Supreme Court of Texas	Aug. 15, 2021	Supreme Court of Texas, Stay order, In re Greg Abbott, No. 21-0687 (Tex. Aug. 15, 2021) (City of San Antonio and Bexar County mask order) (Ex. TX-045)	/library/TX-045	/exhibit/TX-045
Ex. UT-020	Executive Order 2020-44	Governor Gary R. Herbert	July 17, 2020	Governor Gary R. Herbert, Executive Order 2020-44 (July 17, 2020) (Ex. UT-020)	/library/UT-020	/exhibit/UT-020
Ex. UT-029	Executive Order 2020-73	Governor Gary R. Herbert	Nov. 8, 2020	Governor Gary R. Herbert, Executive Order 2020-73 (Nov. 8, 2020) (Ex. UT-029)	/library/UT-029	/exhibit/UT-029
Ex. UT-034	State Public Health Order 2020-27	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health	Dec. 17, 2020	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health, State Public Health Order 2020-27 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. UT-034)	/library/UT-034	/exhibit/UT-034
Ex. UT-039	State Public Health Order 2021-9	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health	Mar. 26, 2021	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health, State Public Health Order 2021-9 (Mar. 26, 2021) (Ex. UT-039)	/library/UT-039	/exhibit/UT-039
Ex. UT-042	State Public Health Order 2021-10	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health	Apr. 9, 2021	Richard G. Saunders, Executive Director, Utah Department of Health, State Public Health Order 2021-10 (Apr. 9, 2021) (Ex. UT-042)	/library/UT-042	/exhibit/UT-042
Ex. UT-045	H.B. 1007, Face Covering Requirements, 2021 First Special Session	Utah Legislature (Chief Sponsor Rep. Val L. Peterson); signed by Governor Spencer J. Cox	May 28, 2021	Utah Legislature (Chief Sponsor Rep. Val L. Peterson); signed by Governor Spencer J. Cox, H.B. 1007, Face Covering Requirements, 2021 First Special Session (May 28, 2021) (Ex. UT-045)	/library/UT-045	/exhibit/UT-045
Ex. UT-046	S.B. 107, In-person Instruction Prioritization, 2021 General Session (Session Law ch. 435)	Utah Legislature (Chief Sponsor Sen. Todd D. Weiler); signed by Governor Spencer J. Cox	Mar. 24, 2021	Utah Legislature (Chief Sponsor Sen. Todd D. Weiler); signed by Governor Spencer J. Cox, S.B. 107, In-person Instruction Prioritization, 2021 General Session (Session Law ch. 435) (Mar. 24, 2021) (Ex. UT-046)	/library/UT-046	/exhibit/UT-046
Ex. VA-006	Executive Order 55 (2020)	Governor Ralph S. Northam	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Ralph S. Northam, Executive Order 55 (2020) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. VA-006)	/library/VA-006	/exhibit/VA-006
Ex. VA-010	Executive Order 61 and Order of Public Health Emergency Three	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver	May 8, 2020	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver, Executive Order 61 and Order of Public Health Emergency Three (May 8, 2020) (Ex. VA-010)	/library/VA-010	/exhibit/VA-010
Ex. VA-014	Executive Order 67 and Order of Public Health Emergency Seven	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver	June 30, 2020	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver, Executive Order 67 and Order of Public Health Emergency Seven (June 30, 2020) (Ex. VA-014)	/library/VA-014	/exhibit/VA-014
Ex. VA-016	Executive Order 72 and Order of Public Health Emergency Nine	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver	Dec. 10, 2020	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver, Executive Order 72 and Order of Public Health Emergency Nine (Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. VA-016)	/library/VA-016	/exhibit/VA-016
Ex. VA-029	Executive Order 79 and Order of Public Health Emergency Ten (Governor's PDF)	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver	May 14, 2021	Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver, Executive Order 79 and Order of Public Health Emergency Ten (Governor's PDF) (May 14, 2021) (Ex. VA-029)	/library/VA-029	/exhibit/VA-029
Ex. VA-038	16VAC25-220, Standard for Infectious Disease Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus that Causes COVID-19 (amendments, Final)	Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board, Department of Labor and Industry	Sept. 8, 2021	Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board, Department of Labor and Industry, 16VAC25-220, Standard for Infectious Disease Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus that Causes COVID-19 (amendments, Final) (Sept. 8, 2021) (Ex. VA-038)	/library/VA-038	/exhibit/VA-038
Ex. VA-045	Executive Directive Number Eighteen (2021)	Governor Ralph S. Northam	Aug. 5, 2021	Governor Ralph S. Northam, Executive Directive Number Eighteen (2021) (Aug. 5, 2021) (Ex. VA-045)	/library/VA-045	/exhibit/VA-045
Ex. VT-010	Addendum 6 to Executive Order 01-20	Governor Philip B. Scott	Mar. 24, 2020	Governor Philip B. Scott, Addendum 6 to Executive Order 01-20 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. VT-010)	/library/VT-010	/exhibit/VT-010
Ex. VT-034	Addendum 8 to Amended and Restated Executive Order 01-20	Governor Philip B. Scott	Nov. 13, 2020	Governor Philip B. Scott, Addendum 8 to Amended and Restated Executive Order 01-20 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. VT-034)	/library/VT-034	/exhibit/VT-034
Ex. VT-080	Governor's release, Governor Phil Scott Announces Pause to the State's Safe Travel Policy, Compliance Checks and Expanded Testing (cross-state travel map…	Office of Governor Phil Scott (official release); Secretary of ACCD under Amended and Restated EO 01-20 § 11(a)	Nov. 10, 2020	Office of Governor Phil Scott (official release); Secretary of ACCD under Amended and Restated EO 01-20 § 11(a), Governor's release, Governor Phil Scott Announces Pause to the State's Safe Travel Policy, Compliance Checks and Expanded Testing (cross-state travel map suspended; universal quarantine) (Nov. 10, 2020) (Ex. VT-080)	/library/VT-080	/exhibit/VT-080
Ex. WA-008	Proclamation 20-12	Governor Jay Inslee	Mar. 13, 2020	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. WA-008)	/library/WA-008	/exhibit/WA-008
Ex. WA-038	Proclamation 20-12.1	Governor Jay Inslee	June 24, 2020	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12.1 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. WA-038)	/library/WA-038	/exhibit/WA-038
Ex. WA-046	Proclamation 20-12.2	Governor Jay Inslee	Oct. 20, 2020	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12.2 (Oct. 20, 2020) (Ex. WA-046)	/library/WA-046	/exhibit/WA-046
Ex. WA-054	Proclamation 20-83	Governor Jay Inslee	Dec. 21, 2020	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-83 (Dec. 21, 2020) (Ex. WA-054)	/library/WA-054	/exhibit/WA-054
Ex. WA-071	Proclamation 20-12.3	Governor Jay Inslee	June 30, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12.3 (June 30, 2021) (Ex. WA-071)	/library/WA-071	/exhibit/WA-071
Ex. WA-074	Proclamation 20-12.4	Governor Jay Inslee	July 12, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12.4 (July 12, 2021) (Ex. WA-074)	/library/WA-074	/exhibit/WA-074
Ex. WA-079	Proclamation 21-14.1	Governor Jay Inslee	Aug. 20, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 21-14.1 (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. WA-079)	/library/WA-079	/exhibit/WA-079
Ex. WA-081	Proclamation 20-12.5	Governor Jay Inslee	Aug. 27, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-12.5 (Aug. 27, 2021) (Ex. WA-081)	/library/WA-081	/exhibit/WA-081
Ex. WA-102	Spectator Events COVID-19 Requirements (version updated September 28, 2021)	Governor Jay Inslee (Office of the Governor), requirements incorporated by reference in Proclamation 20-25 et seq.	Sept. 28, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee (Office of the Governor), requirements incorporated by reference in Proclamation 20-25 et seq, Spectator Events COVID-19 Requirements (version updated September 28, 2021) (Sept. 28, 2021) (Ex. WA-102)	/library/WA-102	/exhibit/WA-102
Ex. WI-002	Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order, §§ 2, 13, 16, 17	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, at the direction of Governor Evers	Mar. 24, 2020	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, at the direction of Governor Evers, Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order, §§ 2, 13, 16, 17 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. WI-002)	/library/WI-002	/exhibit/WI-002
Ex. WV-039	Executive Order 45-20	Governor Jim Justice	June 19, 2020	Governor Jim Justice, Executive Order 45-20 (June 19, 2020) (Ex. WV-039)	/library/WV-039	/exhibit/WV-039
Ex. WV-056	Executive Order 2-21	Governor Jim Justice	Jan. 11, 2021	Governor Jim Justice, Executive Order 2-21 (Jan. 11, 2021) (Ex. WV-056)	/library/WV-056	/exhibit/WV-056
Ex. WY-001	Executive Order 2020-2	Governor Mark Gordon	Mar. 13, 2020	Governor Mark Gordon, Executive Order 2020-2 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. WY-001)	/library/WY-001	/exhibit/WY-001
Ex. WY-004	Statewide Public Health Order #1	Wyoming Department of Health, State Health Officer Alexia Harrist, M.D., Ph.D.	Mar. 19, 2020	Wyoming Department of Health, State Health Officer Alexia Harrist, M.D., Ph.D, Statewide Public Health Order #1 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. WY-004)	/library/WY-004	/exhibit/WY-004
Ex. WY-060	University of Wyoming indoor mask requirement and entry-testing requirement (fall 2021 plan)	University of Wyoming Board of Trustees (August 11, 2021) and President Edward Seidel	Aug. 16, 2021	University of Wyoming Board of Trustees (August 11, 2021) and President Edward Seidel, University of Wyoming indoor mask requirement and entry-testing requirement (fall 2021 plan) (Aug. 16, 2021) (Ex. WY-060)	/library/WY-060	/exhibit/WY-060
Ex. WY-061	University of Wyoming Board of Trustees extension of the indoor mask policy	University of Wyoming Board of Trustees	Sept. 17, 2021	University of Wyoming Board of Trustees, University of Wyoming Board of Trustees extension of the indoor mask policy (Sept. 17, 2021) (Ex. WY-061)	/library/WY-061	/exhibit/WY-061

11. How to use this report

Keep this report with your payroll records and the other records that support your claim. The Notice itself describes what those records are. Q&A-70 says an employer "will adequately substantiate eligibility for the employee retention credit if the employer creates and maintains records that include," among other things, "any governmental order to suspend the employer's business operations" and "any records the employer relied upon to determine whether more than a nominal portion of its operations were suspended due to a governmental order or whether a governmental order had more than a nominal effect on its business operations" (Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, Q&A-70, at 944-45). Q&A-71 says to keep those records "for at least 4 years after the date the tax becomes due or is paid, whichever comes later" (Q&A-71, at 945). This report is the first of those two items for your selection, and it is meant to sit beside the second.

If you have received a letter from the Service saying that no government orders were in effect during the quarter you claimed, this report answers that sentence with the public record, order by order. Read the quarter you claimed. For each instrument, the report gives you the issuer, the number, the dates, the words that commanded the change, the penalty behind them and the exhibit. Those are facts about the public record, and anyone can check them against the register, the code or the docket the report cites. The Service is free to argue about how much a given order affected your business. Whether the orders existed is not a matter of opinion.

Three points of public law matter to anyone holding such a letter. First, a notice that turns down a refund claim starts a clock. Under section 6532(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, a refund suit cannot be brought "after the expiration of 2 years from the date of mailing by certified mail or registered mail by the Secretary to the taxpayer of a notice of the disallowance of the part of the claim to which the suit or proceeding relates." Second, asking the IRS Independent Office of Appeals to review the letter does not stop that clock; the Service's own page on the letter says so ("Requesting an appeal doesn't extend this time"), and section 6532(a)(4) provides that the Service's later consideration of the claim does not extend the period. Third, the period can be extended only by a written agreement between you and the Service under section 6532(a)(2), made on Form 907, Agreement to Extend the Time to Bring Suit, and effective only if the Service signs it before the two years run out.

The COVID Project does not give legal advice, and this report is not a substitute for it. Take it to your accountant, your enrolled agent or your lawyer. The dates above are public law, and the decisions they call for are yours and your adviser's to make.

Printed from covidproject.com/report?industry=27&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1 on Sept. 30, 2026. The COVID Project is a free public reference and this report is not legal advice.